Overview
The V850 is theApplication systems
The first V850 CPU core was used in manyTrademark strategy
The V850 is aDevelopment methodology
Because the V850 family was developed as a branch of the V800 series, the basic CPU architecture is inherited from the V810. The instruction set architecture of the first V850 is drastically modified from that of the V810, but the difference is within a patch level from the GNU Compiler Collection point of view. The main purpose of this change is to implement saturation arithmetic at customers' request. The detailed design methodology of the V810 is described in this journal. The V850 utilizes these design assets; but theArchitecture
Basic architecture
The basis of the V810 and V850 has a typicalsld
and sst
instructions. 16-bit short-format load/store instructions use element pointer (ep), where the PREPARE/DISPOSE
; jmp n/code> (jmp 31/code> in V810) instruction. Typical CISC processor
A complex instruction set computer (CISC ) is a computer architecture in which single instruction set architecture, instructions can execute several low-level operations (such as a load from Memory (computers), memory, an arithmetic operator (pro ...
s use call and return instructions and push the next PC on their stack memory area.
But V810 and V850 have some microarchitecture differences. The V810 adopts a microprogram operation method for some instructions, such as floating-point arithmetic
In computing, floating-point arithmetic (FP) is arithmetic that represents real numbers approximately, using an integer with a fixed precision, called the significand, scaled by an integer exponent of a fixed base. For example, 12.345 can be ...
and bit string
A bit array (also known as bitmask, bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement a simple set data structure. A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level ...
operations, while the V850 uses a one-hundred-percent hardwired control
The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. A CU typically uses a binary decoder to convert coded instructions into timing and control signals that direct the op ...
method. As a result, for example, the first V850 does not have floating-point arithmetic and bit manipulation instruction sets
Bit manipulation instructions sets (BMI sets) are extensions to the x86 instruction set architecture for microprocessors from Intel and AMD. The purpose of these instruction sets is to improve the speed of bit manipulation. All the instruction ...
, including the "find first one/zero" (search 1/0; SCH1x
/SCH0x
), except for "set/clr/negate a bit" (SET1
/CLR1
/NOT1
). Those extended instruction sets are revived in V850E2x extensions.
Though the V800 series adopts a RISC instruction set architecture, their assembly language
In computer programming, assembly language (or assembler language, or symbolic machine code), often referred to simply as Assembly and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence b ...
is hand-coding friendly. They adopt a straightforward load/store architecture. In addition, the "interlock
An interlock is a feature that makes the state of two mechanisms or functions mutually dependent. It may be used to prevent undesired states in a finite-state machine, and may consist of any electrical, electronic, or mechanical devices or system ...
" mechanism, both for the data hazards and for the branch hazards, are implemented: in other words, an assembly language programmer does not need to consider any delay slot
In computer architecture, a delay slot is an instruction slot being executed without the effects of a preceding instruction. The most common form is a single arbitrary instruction located immediately after a branch instruction on a RISC or DSP ...
s. 32 general-purpose registers provide flexibility for assembly language users. A mixture of hand-assembled codes and C language compiled codes is facilitated by using compiler options, such as "-mno-app-regs
" in the Gnu Compiler Collection
The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is an optimizing compiler produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages, hardware architectures and operating systems. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) distributes GCC as free softwar ...
.
The IN
instruction of the V810, which enables unsigned-load from memory-mapped I/O
Memory-mapped I/O (MMIO) and port-mapped I/O (PMIO) are two complementary methods of performing input/output (I/O) between the central processing unit (CPU) and peripheral devices in a computer. An alternative approach is using dedicated I/O pr ...
, was removed from the first V850s.
Detailed discussions are available in some old journals.
Instruction set extensions
The V850 series added many instruction set extensions, but all the extensions have backward compatibility
Backward compatibility (sometimes known as backwards compatibility) is a property of an operating system, product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system, especiall ...
.
Therefore, old binary software assets work on the new cores.
The first generation of the V850 does not have unsigned load instructions, which had been removed from the V810 (where it was implemented with IN.H
and IN.B
). Then, in the second generation V850E (V850E1) Series, such unsigned functionality was again added (with LD.HU
and LD.BU
). In addition, the V850E has some other user-friendly " CISCy" extensions, such as call table
, switch
, and prepare/dispose
.
In 1996, the V853 was announced as the first 32-bit RISC microcontroller
A microcontroller (MCU for ''microcontroller unit'', often also MC, UC, or μC) is a small computer on a single VLSI integrated circuit (IC) chip. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs ( processor cores) along with memory and programmabl ...
with integrated flash memory
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use ...
.
But its maximum number of "erase and write" cycles was 16.
In 1998, NEC strategically started to expand the V850 product line, to standard, application-specific_standard_product (ASSP), application-specific integrated circuit
An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC ) is an integrated circuit (IC) chip customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use, such as a chip designed to run in a digital voice recorder or a high-effici ...
(ASIC), and system on a chip
A system on a chip or system-on-chip (SoC ; pl. ''SoCs'' ) is an integrated circuit that integrates most or all components of a computer or other electronic system. These components almost always include a central processing unit (CPU), memor ...
(SoC) businesses.
In 2001, NEC launched V850ES core, which is an ultra-low-power series, but is ISA-compatible with the V850E.
Around 2001, Java Acceleration IP core for the V850 seemed to be provided to some customers as SoC,
but detailed information is only found in some patents.
In 2005, NEC Electronics introduced V850E2 core as the V850E2/ME3 product line with super-scalar architecture.
In 2009, NEC Electronics introduced V850E2M as dual-core with 2.56MIPS/MHz and 1.5 mW/MIPS.
In 2011, Renesas disclosed the SIMD extension for the V850 as V850E2H.
As for the SIMD extension, some academic studies were done.
But architectural documentation for this latest product line is disclosed to automotive customers only; it cannot be found on Renesas' website.
Its name seems to have been changed to V850E3 or G3H. The only way to know about its instruction set is to reverse engineer it with the GNU Compiler Collection
The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is an optimizing compiler produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages, hardware architectures and operating systems. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) distributes GCC as free softwar ...
.
Power consumption
The original V810 and V850 CPU architecture is designed for ultra-low power applications.
The V810 is described in detail in some journals.
According to Renesas's documentation, the power consumption
Electric energy consumption is the form of energy consumption that uses electrical energy. Electric energy consumption is the actual energy demand made on existing electricity supply for transportation, residential, industrial, commercial, and ot ...
of the V850ES/Jx3-L implementation is about 70% of ARM Cortex-M3.
The V810 was one of the most low-power 32-bit microcontroller products of the early 1990s. It operates at from 2.2 V to 5.5 V with a 5 V 0.8 μm (CZ4) fabrication process.
Measured with Dhrystone MIPS, power dissipation is 500 mW at 15MIPS and 40 mW at 6 MIPS, at 5 V and 2.2 V, respectively. This specification can be achieved both by well considered instruction-set architecture and by precisely tuned 5-stage 1-clock pitch pipeline microarchitecture, both of which are the benefit of a simplified RISC architecture.
This ultra-low-power architecture was succeeded by V850/Sxn product line, which are still being mass produced after 20 years. Most of the improved chips are produced using a 3.3 V, 0.35μm (UC1) fabrication process, where the CPU core is precisely tuned to operate from 1.8 V to 3.6 V, working at 32.768 kHz (sub-oscillator) to 16.78 MHz (main-oscillator) with internal oscillator amplifier plus external resonator (crystal or ceramic).
Its power dissipation is 2.7 mW/MIPS at 3.3 V when made with a 0.35 μm (UC1) fabrication process
Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to manufacture semiconductor devices, typically integrated circuit (IC) chips such as modern computer processors, microcontrollers, and memory chips such as NAND flash and DRAM that are pres ...
, and 3.6 mW/MIPS at 5 V with a 0.35 μm (CZ6) fabrication process. "Software STOP" stand-by mode for the mask ROM version of V850/SA1, whose internal watch timer operates at 3.3 V with 32.768 kHz sub-oscillator (IDD6), consumes typically only 8 μA electrical current. Subclock normal operation mode at 3.3 V with 32.768 kHz consumes 40 μA typically, 140 μA at the maximum. (IDD5)
Its 1.8 V typical CPU operating current at 32.768 kHz might be 22 μA (40 μA ÷ 3.3 V × 1.8 V), where power dissipation should be 40 μW. It corresponds to 1.0 mW/MIPS (40 μW ÷ 0.032768 MHz ÷ 1.15 DMIPS/MHz ÷ 1000).
The V850/Sxn product line is also tuned for low noise, with both EMI and with EMS. The V850/SB1 and SB2 are especially tuned for low EMI noise with a 5 V internal voltage regulator, which facilitates high sensitivity in receiving RF for car radios.
In 2011, NEC launched the 3rd generation microarchitecture V850ES ultra-low-power series, which achieves 1.43 mW/MIPS at an operating voltage range of from 2.2 V to 2.7 V,
but this first implementation of V850ES microarchitecture seems to be incomplete compared with later generations of the same architecture.
Its "Sub-IDLE" stand-by mode for the mask ROM version of V850ES/SA2 and V850ES/SA3, whose internal RTC operate at 2.5 V with 32.768 kHz sub-oscillator (IDD6), consume typically only 5 μA electrical current. But, Subclock normal operation mode at 2.5 V with 32.768 kHz consumes typically 40 μA, 100 μA at the maximum.
Its 2.2 V typical CPU operation current at 32.768 kHz might be 31 μA (40 μA ÷ 2.5 V × 2.2 V), where power dissipation should be 68 μW. This is about 1.7 times that of V850/SA1. It corresponds to 1.6 mW/MIPS (68 μW ÷ 0.032768 MHz ÷ 1.3 DMIPS/MHz ÷ 1000).
The V850ES/JG3-L product line has ultra-low-power variants, the μPD70F3792, 793, and the μPD70F3841, 842. They can operate from 2.0 V to 3.6 V with typical electrical current of 18 μA at 32.768 kHz,
which should be 22 μW at 2.0 V (18 μA × 2.0 V ÷ 3.3 V × 2.0 V). This corresponds to 0.52 mW/MIPS (22 μW ÷ 0.032768 MHz ÷ 1.3 DMIPS/MHz ÷ 1000). In addition, their sub-clock idle mode power consumption, with watch timer, should be typically 3.4 μW at 1.8 V (3.5 μA ÷ 3.3 V × 1.8 V × 1.8 V).
The power consumption of the NA85E2 (V850E2) core is much larger compared with the NU85E (V850E1) core using the same CB-12L (UX4L)
fabrication process.
The reason is that the V850E2x core has a 128-bit instruction prefetch
Instruction or instructions may refer to:
Computing
* Instruction, one operation of a processor within a computer architecture instruction set
* Computer program, a collection of instructions
Music
* Instruction (band), a 2002 rock band from New ...
bus and more than one instruction prefetch queue,
while the average instruction length of the V800 series is 16 bits.
It means 16 instructions can be fetched from the memory at once, and the memory and prefetch circuits sleep fors 3 to 7 cycles for dual-pipeline superscalar architecture.
This gap enlarges electrical current amplitude differences.
In addition, the peak electric current
An electric current is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is measured as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface or into a control volume. The movi ...
exceeds allowances for the voltage stabilizers of mobile gadget
A gadget is a mechanical device or any ingenious article. Gadgets are sometimes referred to as ''gizmos''.
History
The etymology of the word is disputed. The word first appears as reference to an 18th-century tool in glassmaking that was develop ...
s.
As for V850E2M CPU core, it is publicly introduced as 1.5 mW/MIPS, 3 times that of former generations, although it should be able to take advantage of new fabrication process technologies.
Some mobile equipment avoids using dual-instruction execution (dual-pipeline superscalar
A superscalar processor is a CPU that implements a form of parallelism called instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. In contrast to a scalar processor, which can execute at most one single instruction per clock cycle, a sup ...
), adopting the single-instruction (single-pipeline) execution setting to reduce electrical current amplitude differences.
Instruction opcode table
Each opcode (operation code) table is from ''User's Manual: Architecture'' (refer to external links.).
V810 (obsoleted)
*1st map opcodes
: All opcodes (operation codes) of the hardwired control
The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. A CU typically uses a binary decoder to convert coded instructions into timing and control signals that direct the op ...
operation are contained within the first 16-bit half-word of an instruction, from the most significant bit
In computing, bit numbering is the convention used to identify the bit positions in a binary number.
Bit significance and indexing
In computing, the least significant bit (LSB) is the bit position in a binary integer representing the binar ...
(MSB). A 64-word depth ROM structure with branch
A branch, sometimes called a ramus in botany, is a woody structural member connected to the central trunk of a tree (or sometimes a shrub). Large branches are known as boughs and small branches are known as twigs. The term '' twig'' usuall ...
condition code table is enough for decoding hardware. If a 16-bit literal operand
In mathematics, an operand is the object of a mathematical operation, i.e., it is the object or quantity that is operated on.
Example
The following arithmetic expression shows an example of operators and operands:
:3 + 6 = 9
In the above exam ...
is required, it is located in the second half-word. Microprogram control operations, bit strings, and floating-point arithmetic instructions are also located in the second 16-bit half-word. As a result, all the instructions have 16-bit and 32-bit 2-way form length. Unsigned load form memory mapped I/O is implemented as the In
instruction. Arithmetic
Arithmetic () is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers— addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th ...
and logical
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths. It is a formal science investigating how conclusions follow from premises ...
instructions are not fully, but relatively, orthogonal
In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of '' perpendicularity''.
By extension, orthogonality is also used to refer to the separation of specific features of a system. The term also has specialized meanings in ...
.
: The V810 does not have saturation arithmetic instructions, but 1 additional instruction in format II, such as SAT
which checks flags (Overflow
, Sign
, Zero
, and Half-word
) and rewrites the specified register, might be enough both for signed and unsigned, and for word and half-word, arithmetic operations.
:
: NOP
is an alias of Non-BR
.
V850 (1st Gen.)
* 1st map opcode
In computing, an opcode (abbreviated from operation code, also known as instruction machine code, instruction code, instruction syllable, instruction parcel or opstring) is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operat ...
s
:
:: NOP
is an alias of MOV R0,R0
.
* 2nd map opcode
In computing, an opcode (abbreviated from operation code, also known as instruction machine code, instruction code, instruction syllable, instruction parcel or opstring) is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operat ...
s
:
V850E/E1/ES
* 1st map opcode
In computing, an opcode (abbreviated from operation code, also known as instruction machine code, instruction code, instruction syllable, instruction parcel or opstring) is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operat ...
s
:
: † NOP
is an alias of MOV R0,R0
.
* 2nd map opcode
In computing, an opcode (abbreviated from operation code, also known as instruction machine code, instruction code, instruction syllable, instruction parcel or opstring) is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operat ...
s
:
List of the ''V800 Series'' CPU cores
SoC solutions
SoC IP cores
In 1998, NEC started to provide the V850 family as an ASIC
An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC ) is an integrated circuit (IC) chip customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use, such as a chip designed to run in a digital voice recorder or a high-efficie ...
core, to expand its ASIC business.
In addition, both the V850E1 CPU core named Nx85E
and the V850E2 CPU core named Nx85E2,
are also used for expanding its ASIC products business.
Various SoCs
SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins) refers to a family of genes involved in inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
Genes
* CISH
* SOCS1
* SOCS2
* SOCS3
* SOCS4
* SOCS5
* SOCS6
* SOCS7
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 7 is a ...
utilize this core. In 2003, for example, Dotcast, Inc. used the NU85E core for a set top box
A set-top box (STB), also colloquially known as a cable box and historically television decoder, is an information appliance device that generally contains a TV-tuner input and displays output to a television set and an external source of si ...
receiver of digital datacasting based on the dNTSC (data in NTSC
The first American standard for analog television broadcast was developed by National Television System Committee (NTSC)National Television System Committee (1951–1953), Report and Reports of Panel No. 11, 11-A, 12–19, with Some supplement ...
video method). This core is fabricated with CB-10 0.25μm 5-layered-metal process technology.
The NA85E2C core, which is developed using a 1.5 V 150 nm CB-12L (UX4L) fabrication process,
has many errata
An erratum or corrigendum (plurals: errata, corrigenda) (comes from la, errata corrige) is a correction of a published text. As a general rule, publishers issue an erratum for a production error (i.e., an error introduced during the publishing pro ...
(4 pages appendix in preliminary architecture manual,
plus a further, 7-page restrictions document),
but which doesn't seem to matter, because this is a product with a long lifespan.
NEC also expanded production of a core using a 130 nm CB-130 (UX5) fabrication process,
cell-base IC.
Synopsys
Synopsys is an American electronic design automation (EDA) company that focuses on silicon design and verification, silicon intellectual property and software security and quality. Products include tools for logic synthesis and physical de ...
DesignWare IP core for V850E was once announced,
but support has been discontinued.
FPGA prototyping systems for SoC
FPGA prototyping
Field-programmable gate array prototyping (FPGA prototyping), also referred to as FPGA-based prototyping, ASIC prototyping or system-on-chip (SoC) prototyping, is the method to prototype system-on-chip and application-specific integrated circui ...
systems for V850E1, V850E2, and V850E2M core-based SoCs were intensively developed to expand the SoC business. They comprised a V850 CPU core LSI (TEG, or Test Element Group) board and FPGA add-ons. Most SoC products were for mobile equipments, because the power dissipation
In thermodynamics, dissipation is the result of an irreversible process that takes place in homogeneous thermodynamic systems. In a dissipative process, energy (internal, bulk flow kinetic, or system potential) transforms from an initial form ...
of original V800-Series RISC architecture was much lower compared with CISC.
It is similar to the ARM architecture
ARM (stylised in lowercase as arm, formerly an acronym for Advanced RISC Machines and originally Acorn RISC Machine) is a family of reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architectures for computer processors, configured ...
that is widely used for mobile gadgets.
*Renesas (NEC): COREBEST (2001)
*Renesas (NEC): Microssp (2006)
*Renesas (NEC): Hybrid Emulator (2007)
*Renesas (NEC): PFESiP EP1 Evaluation Board (2008)
*Renesas (NEC): PFESiP EP1 Evaluation Board Lite (2008)
*Renesas (NEC): PFESiP EP3 Evaluation Board (2010): V850E2M CPU core, max. 266 MHz operation
*Xylon: logicBRICS
Strategic confusion
Around 2011–2014, Renesas Electronics extensively expanded the V850E2 product line,
but this high-paced expansion brought much confusion. For example, as of 2018, some have requested that V850E2/xxn products be replaced with RH850/xnx ones.
In addition, in 2012 Renesas started to intensively promote the migration from ten-year-old V850ES/Jx3 product lines to the newly produced V850E2/Jx4, such as for Ethernet and USB applications,
but the newer products are not listed on their website, as of 2018.
Currently, Renesas Electronics is designing a "dual" "lockstep" system, but its predecessor NEC V60-V80 had "multiple modular" lockstep mechanism called FRM,
either with roll-back by "retry" or with roll-forward by "exception" for each fault detected instruction.
In addition, the NEC V60-V80 has several implementations of UNIX System V
Unix System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T and first released in 1983. Four major versions of System V were released, numbered 1, 2, 3, an ...
port product releases, one of which is "real-time UNIX RX/UX-832"
(here, 832 stands for the μPD70833 (V80), not V832). Its multiprocessor implementation is called MUSTARD (Multiprocessor Unix for Embedded Real-Time Systems), which can operate a maximum of 8 processors simultaneously, and its lockstep mechanism was dynamically configurable.
In 2001, both NEC Corporation
is a Japanese multinational information technology and electronics corporation, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. The company was known as the Nippon Electric Company, Limited, before rebranding in 1983 as NEC. It provides IT and network solut ...
and Synopsys, Inc., announced they had agreed to promote the V850E as DesignWare IP core.
But as of 2018, the V850E is not listed on DesignWare libraries.
Lucent Technologies
Lucent Technologies, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Murray Hill, New Jersey. It was established on September 30, 1996, through the divestiture of the former AT&T Technologies business u ...
and Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American technology company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globa ...
once licensed the V850 and V850E SoC cores, respectively,
but those devices cannot be found.
In 2006,Metrowerks
Metrowerks was a company that developed software development tools for various desktop, handheld, embedded, and gaming platforms. Its flagship product, CodeWarrior, comprised an IDE, compilers, linkers, debuggers, libraries, and related tools. I ...
developed the CodeWarrior
CodeWarrior is an integrated development environment (IDE) published by NXP Semiconductors for editing, compiling, and debugging software for several microcontrollers and microprocessors (Freescale ColdFire, ColdFire+, Kinetis, Qorivva, PX, Frees ...
compiler for the V850, which was one of the main compilers for the V850,
but around 2010, they discontinued support.
Also in 2006, NEC did not give any roadmap for the V850 family as SoC cores. The V850E2 core, developed in 2004, was described as the last, best core for SoC applications. However, NEC introduced ARM9 (arm v5) and ARM11 (arm v6), especially for mobile equipment.
This decision suddenly decreased the net profit of LSI devices, because of the royalty for using ARM, and thus price competition with other ARM SoC providers. The sales revenue of "V850 total solutions", such as development tools, real-time OS, middle-ware packages, and in-circuit emulators, also decreased. The number of V850 devices sold also suddenly decreased, because mobile equipment manufacturer were the major customers of V850E1 and V850E2 cores at that moment.
In 2008, KMC (Kyoto Mictocomputer), which is one of the major and of the first providers of in-circuit emulators for the V850 family, announced "exeGCC" being updated from Rel. 3 to Rel. 4,
but it excluded the V850 from this updating list, which added PowerPC and ARM v7. KMC chose SH-4A and ARM v7, instead of V850 and RH850,
though it had been working closely with NEC and Renesas Electronics.
The V850 CPU cores run uClinux,
but on October 9, 2008, Linux kernel
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU ...
support for the V850 was removed in revision 2.6.27.,
because NEC stopped its maintenance.
The person in charge of V850 Linux kernel maintenance was moved from NEC to Renesas by its merger, but his new job was compiler design and never returned to Linux kernel maintenance.
This corporate decision prevented the possibility of porting to Android.
As of 2018, Renesas Electronics mainly focuses Linux kernel support on SH3/SH4 and M32R processors.
Target software solutions
Libraries
* Red Hat, Inc.: The '' Newlib'' for C runtime library
In computer programming, a runtime library is a set of low-level routines used by a compiler to invoke some of the behaviors of a runtime environment, by inserting calls to the runtime library into compiled executable binary. The runtime enviro ...
(libc.a) and mathematical library (libm.a)
: C runtime startup routine (''crt0.S'') for the latest v850e3v5 microarchitecture
In computer engineering, microarchitecture, also called computer organization and sometimes abbreviated as µarch or uarch, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented in a particular processor. A given ISA may be imp ...
is available.
* Micro Digital Inc.: GoFast for NEC V85x Fast Software Floating Point Library
* The GNU Compiler Collection
The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is an optimizing compiler produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages, hardware architectures and operating systems. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) distributes GCC as free softwar ...
: Software floating point
* The GNU Compiler Collection
The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is an optimizing compiler produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages, hardware architectures and operating systems. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) distributes GCC as free softwar ...
: Decimal floating point
Decimal floating-point (DFP) arithmetic refers to both a representation and operations on decimal floating-point numbers. Working directly with decimal (base-10) fractions can avoid the rounding errors that otherwise typically occur when convert ...
(libdecnumber.a)
Operating systems
V850 Operating system
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common daemon (computing), services for computer programs.
Time-sharing operating systems scheduler (computing), schedule tasks for ef ...
s are mostly real-time
Real-time or real time describes various operations in computing or other processes that must guarantee response times within a specified time (deadline), usually a relatively short time. A real-time process is generally one that happens in defined ...
.
Some operating systems require a memory protection unit (MPU) to divide tasks (or threads) strictly for reliability and safety reasons. In such cases, the v850e2v3 (Gen. 3) microarchitecture
In computer engineering, microarchitecture, also called computer organization and sometimes abbreviated as µarch or uarch, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented in a particular processor. A given ISA may be imp ...
, or above, is required.
ITRON based real-time OS
''ITRON
Itron is an American technology company that offers products and services on energy and water resource management. Its headquarters is in Liberty Lake, Washington, United States. Its products are related to smart grid, smart gas and smart water ...
'' is an open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a prerequisite to use open license, non-discrimination and extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in the development. There is no single definitio ...
specification of real-time OS (RTOS), which is major in Japan.
Its specification is defined under the leadership of Ken Sakamura
Ken or KEN may refer to:
Entertainment
* ''Ken'' (album), a 2017 album by Canadian indie rock band Destroyer.
* ''Ken'' (film), 1964 Japanese film.
* ''Ken'' (magazine), a large-format political magazine.
* Ken Masters, a main character in ...
, as a part of TRON project
TRON (acronym for The Real-time Operating system Nucleus) is an open architecture real-time operating system kernel design. The project was started by Professor Dr. Ken Sakamura of the University of Tokyo in 1984. The project's goal is to creat ...
, the initialr I standing for "Industrial". Because the ITRON specification defines interface and skeleton only, each vendor has its own implementation.
*Renesas:
**''RI850MP Real-time OS for V850E2M Dual Core''
**''RI850V4 V2 Real-time OS for RH850 family''
**''RI850V4 V1 Real-time OS for V850 family''
* Toppers Project: Open source ''TOPPERS/JSP''
::→ In 2003, on Rel. 1.3, V850 dedicated part bug was fixed.
::→ Kernel update history
*A.I. Corporation: ''Toppers-Pro/xxx''
* T-Engine Project: Open source
Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized so ...
''T-Kernel
T-Kernel is an open source real-time operating system (RTOS) designed for 32-bit microcontrollers. It is standardized by the T-Engine Forum, which distributes it under a '' T-License'' agreement. There is also a corresponding Micro T-Kernel (μT- ...
'' by TRON
''Tron'' (stylized as ''TRON'') is a 1982 American science fiction action- adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger from a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird. The film stars Jeff Bridges as Kevin Flynn, a computer programmer ...
Forum
*eSOL: ''eT-Kernel''; Extended T-Kernel — RTOS for embedded systems
**''eT-Kernel/Compact'', ''eT-Kernel/Embedded'', ''eT-Kernel/POSIX''
**''eT-Kernel Multi-Core Edition''
*'' eCos'': Open source
Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized so ...
real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. An RTOS is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which m ...
AUTOSAR, OSEK/VDX compliant real-time OS
'' AUTOSAR'' is an open systems architecture
Open systems architecture is a system design approach which aims to produce systems that are inherently interoperable and connectable without recourse to retrofit and redesign.
Concept
Systems design is a process of defining and engineering the a ...
of operating system
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common daemon (computing), services for computer programs.
Time-sharing operating systems scheduler (computing), schedule tasks for ef ...
for the automotive industry
The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's largest industries by revenue (from 16 % ...
. Its purpose is to standardize electronic control unit
An electronic control unit (ECU), also known as an electronic control module (ECM), is an embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a car or other motor vehicle.
Modern vehic ...
s (ECU) for automotive engine
, there were a wide variety of propulsion systems available or potentially available for automobiles and other vehicles. Options included internal combustion engines fueled by petrol, diesel, propane, or natural gas; hybrid vehicles, plug-in ...
s. AUTOSAR is an upward compatible specification of OSEK/VDX, which is also a German consortium
A consortium (plural: consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources ...
established in 1993.
In Japan, this research was started in 2006, as a joint project by JAIST and DENSO. Renesas Electronics joined this project in 2009.
Because the current RH850 and V850 processors are principally targeted at the automotive industry, it is a strategical product of Renesas Electronics. However, its documentation is only available in Japanese, as its main customer is Toyota Motor Corporation
is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...
.
*Renesas: ''RV850'' (documents are in Japanese only)
*ETAS GmbH: ''RTA-OS RH850/GHS'', ''RTA-OSEK V850E/GHS
*Mentor Graphics (formerly Accelerated Technology, Inc.): ''Nucleus OSEK''
*HighTec EDV-Systeme GmbH: ''EB tresos Safety OS''
*Toppers Project: Open source ''TOPPERS/AUTOSAR''
*eSOL: '' AUTOSAR profile''
Other real-time OS
* SYSGO AG:
**''PikeOS
PikeOS is a commercial, hard real-time operating system (RTOS) that offers a separation kernel based hypervisor with multiple logical partition types for many other operating systems (OS), each called a GuestOS, and applications. It enables use ...
''; Embedded Virtualization Hypervisor
A hypervisor (also known as a virtual machine monitor, VMM, or virtualizer) is a type of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is called ...
*eSOL:
**; Scalable RTOS, Distributed Microkernel
In computer science, a microkernel (often abbreviated as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS). These mechanisms include low-level address space management, ...
Architecture, non-hypervisor
A hypervisor (also known as a virtual machine monitor, VMM, or virtualizer) is a type of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is called ...
type OS
*MiSPO:
**''NORTi Professional''; Real-time OS + TCP/IP stack + Simulator
A simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. Simulations require the use of models; the model represents the key characteristics or behaviors of the selected system or process, whereas the s ...
*SEGGER
**''embOS V850 NEC'', ''embOS V850 Green Hills'', ''embOS V850 IAR''
*Wind River Systems
Wind River Systems, also known as Wind River (trademarked as Wndrvr), is an Alameda, California–based company, subsidiary of Aptiv PLC. The company develops embedded system and cloud software consisting of real-time operating systems software, ...
:
**''VxWorks
VxWorks is a real-time operating system (or RTOS) developed as proprietary software by Wind River Systems, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Aptiv. First released in 1987, VxWorks is designed for use in embedded systems requiring real-time, determi ...
'': Ported in the early 1990s.
The ''Tornado'' IDE is stated that MP licenses has been sold via NEC in 2000, currently Renesas.
*Mentor Graphics
Siemens EDA is a US-based electronic design automation (EDA) multinational corporation for electrical engineering and electronics, headquartered in Wilsonville, Oregon. Founded in 1981 as Mentor Graphics, the company was acquired by Siemens i ...
(formerly ATI, currently A Siemens Business):
** Nucleus PLUS
Linux
* uCLinux
*Linux kernel
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU ...
:On October 9th 2008, Linux kernel
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU ...
support for V850 was removed in revision 2.6.27, preventing the possibility of porting Android.
Middleware packages
Various middleware
Middleware is a type of computer software that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system. It can be described as "software glue".
Middleware makes it easier for software developers to implement ...
application software
Application may refer to:
Mathematics and computing
* Application software, computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks
** Application layer, an abstraction layer that specifies protocols and interface methods used in a ...
s are provided from various vendors.
*Renesas: SD Memory Card Control
Software development tools
Compilers and assemblers
Most of the compilers, for both for the V850 family and the RH850 family, are exactly the same product, and extended ISA
Isa or ISA may refer to:
Places
* Isa, Amur Oblast, Russia
* Isa, Kagoshima, Japan
* Isa, Nigeria
* Isa District, Kagoshima, former district in Japan
* Isa Town, middle class town located in Bahrain
* Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
* Mount ...
targets are controlled by command line options.
Compilers for the V850 family and the RH850 family include:
* The GNU Compiler Collection
The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is an optimizing compiler produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages, hardware architectures and operating systems. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) distributes GCC as free softwar ...
(the name is still ''v850'' for RH850) developed both:
** by " Red Hat, Inc." (formerly "Cygnus Solutions
Cygnus Solutions, originally Cygnus Support, was founded in 1989 by John Gilmore, Michael Tiemann and David Henkel-Wallace to provide commercial support for free software. Its tagline was: ''Making free software affordable''.
For years, employe ...
") as a part of the ''GNUPro Developers Kit''
** by "KMC (Kyoto Micro Computer)" as a part of the ''exeGCC''
** by "CyberTHOR Studios, Ltd.": Free pre-built binaries can be downloaded by registration.
* Renesas:
**C Compiler Package for V850 family
*** ''CA850 C compiler'' for V850E1 and V850ES (v850e1 and/or v850es, a.k.a. Gen. 1)
*** ''CX C compiler'' for V850E2M and V850E2S (v850e2v3, a.k.a. Gen. 3)
**''Software Package for V850 P850' for V850E2 (v850e2(v2), a.k.a. Gen. 2)
**''CC-RH C compiler package'' for G3, G3K(H), G3M(H)
* GHS (Green Hills Software): The ''Green Hills Optimizing Compilers''
* Wind River Systems
Wind River Systems, also known as Wind River (trademarked as Wndrvr), is an Alameda, California–based company, subsidiary of Aptiv PLC. The company develops embedded system and cloud software consisting of real-time operating systems software, ...
: ''Diab Compiler''
* IAR Systems: ''Embedded Workbench''
*Altium Limited
Altium Limited is an Australian multinational software company that provides electronic design automation software to engineers who design printed circuit boards. Founded as Protel Systems Pty Ltd in Australia in 1985, the company has regional ...
: ''Tasking; RENESAS RH850 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS''
* HighTec EDV Systeme GmbH: ''HighTec Development Platform''
* GAIO Technology: ''XASS-V Series cross development tools
* Metrowerks
Metrowerks was a company that developed software development tools for various desktop, handheld, embedded, and gaming platforms. Its flagship product, CodeWarrior, comprised an IDE, compilers, linkers, debuggers, libraries, and related tools. I ...
: ''CodeWarrior
CodeWarrior is an integrated development environment (IDE) published by NXP Semiconductors for editing, compiling, and debugging software for several microcontrollers and microprocessors (Freescale ColdFire, ColdFire+, Kinetis, Qorivva, PX, Frees ...
'' (obsoleted)
Disassemblers
Usually, dis-assemblers are provided as a part of C compiler or assembler packages.
*The GNU Binutils: ''objdump'' (''v850-elf-objdump'' or ''v850-elf32-objdump'')
*''Radare2'': Radare2
Radare2 (also known as r2) is a complete framework for reverse-engineering and analyzing binaries; composed of a set of small utilities that can be used together or independently from the command line. Built around a disassembler for computer soft ...
is a set of command-line
A command-line interpreter or command-line processor uses a command-line interface (CLI) to receive commands from a user in the form of lines of text. This provides a means of setting parameters for the environment, invoking executables and pro ...
programming tool
A programming tool or software development tool is a computer program that software developers use to create, debug, maintain, or otherwise support other programs and applications. The term usually refers to relatively simple programs, that can b ...
s for reverse engineering
Reverse engineering (also known as backwards engineering or back engineering) is a process or method through which one attempts to understand through deductive reasoning how a previously made device, process, system, or piece of software accompli ...
. Open-source
Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized so ...
code
In communications and information processing, code is a system of rules to convert information—such as a letter, word, sound, image, or gesture—into another form, sometimes shortened or secret, for communication through a communicati ...
is available from GitHub
GitHub, Inc. () is an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git. It provides the distributed version control of Git plus access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, cont ...
repository.
*''IDA Pro'': ''IDA Pro'' is a freeware
Freeware is software, most often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines ''freeware'' unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the ...
disassembler
A disassembler is a computer program that translates machine language into assembly language—the inverse operation to that of an assembler. A disassembler differs from a decompiler, which targets a high-level language rather than an assembly ...
for hobby
A hobby is considered to be a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one's leisure time. Hobbies include collecting themed items and objects, engaging in creative and artistic pursuits, playing sports, or pursuing oth ...
use. A plugin for V850 is available. Download site is gray for securities.
GUI based debuggers
GUI
The GUI ( "UI" by itself is still usually pronounced . or ), graphical user interface, is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicator such as primary notation, inste ...
based program
Program, programme, programmer, or programming may refer to:
Business and management
* Program management, the process of managing several related projects
* Time management
* Program, a part of planning
Arts and entertainment Audio
* Programm ...
debugger
A debugger or debugging tool is a computer program used to test and debug other programs (the "target" program). The main use of a debugger is to run the target program under controlled conditions that permit the programmer to track its executi ...
s are mainly provided for debugging
In computer programming and software development, debugging is the process of finding and resolving '' bugs'' (defects or problems that prevent correct operation) within computer programs, software, or systems.
Debugging tactics can involve i ...
of compile
In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the ''source'' language) into another language (the ''target'' language). The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs th ...
d source code
In computing, source code, or simply code, is any collection of code, with or without comments, written using a human-readable programming language, usually as plain text. The source code of a program is specially designed to facilitate the ...
s. Usually, it is used with instruction set simulators or in-circuit emulator
In-circuit emulation (ICE) is the use of a hardware device or in-circuit emulator used to debug the software of an embedded system. It operates by using a processor with the additional ability to support debugging operations, as well as to carr ...
s.
*Renesas:
**''ID850'': For the combination of ''CA850'' compiler and ''SM850'' instruction set simulator.
**''ID850NW'': For the combination of N-Wire based in-circuit emulator
In-circuit emulation (ICE) is the use of a hardware device or in-circuit emulator used to debug the software of an embedded system. It operates by using a processor with the additional ability to support debugging operations, as well as to carr ...
s.
**''ID850QB'': For the combination of probing-pod based emulator ''IEQUBE2''
*NDK (Naito Densei Kogyo Co. Ltd, Group): Operation started in 1950 as subsidiary of NEC.
**''NW-V850-32''
* GHS (Green Hills Software): ''Multi'': General-purpose debugger.
* Red Hat, Inc.: ''Insight (GDB-Tk)'': GUI front-end tightly combined with ''GNU Debugger''.
*Mentor Graphics
Siemens EDA is a US-based electronic design automation (EDA) multinational corporation for electrical engineering and electronics, headquartered in Wilsonville, Oregon. Founded in 1981 as Mentor Graphics, the company was acquired by Siemens i ...
(formerly Accelerated Technology, Inc.): ''code, lab'' Developer Suite
*By N-Wire based in-circuit emulator vendors:
**KMC (Kyoto Microcomputer) and Midias Lab.: ''PARTNER''
**Sohwa & Sophia Technologies:''WATCHPOINT''
**DTS INSIGHT (formerly YDC, Yokogawa Digital Computer): ''microVIEW-PLUS''
**Computex: ''CSIDE''
Instruction set simulators
'' Instruction set simulator'', in other words, ''Virtual Platform'' is provided to perform debugging
In computer programming and software development, debugging is the process of finding and resolving '' bugs'' (defects or problems that prevent correct operation) within computer programs, software, or systems.
Debugging tactics can involve i ...
without equipment's hardware before testing on a real machine.
*Renesas: ''SM850''
*''Open Virtual Platform'': Instruction set simulator
*Synopsys: ''VDK for Renesas RH850 MCU''
Automated code reviewers
''Automated code review
Automated code review software checks source code for compliance with a predefined set of rules or best practices. The use of analytical methods to inspect and review source code to detect bugs or security issues has been a standard development pr ...
er'', in other words, ''source
Source may refer to:
Research
* Historical document
* Historical source
* Source (intelligence) or sub source, typically a confidential provider of non open-source intelligence
* Source (journalism), a person, publication, publishing institute o ...
code analyzer'' qualify the level of completeness of written software source code
In computing, source code, or simply code, is any collection of code, with or without comments, written using a human-readable programming language, usually as plain text. The source code of a program is specially designed to facilitate the ...
. This method is classified as '' dynamic code analysis'' and ''static code analysis
In computer science, static program analysis (or static analysis) is the analysis of computer programs performed without executing them, in contrast with dynamic program analysis, which is performed on programs during their execution.
The term ...
''.
Dynamic code analyzers with simulators
*Renesas: ''TW850''
:''TW850 Performance Analysis Tuning Tool'' is a general utility to improve effectiveness of software.
*Renesas: ''AZ850''
:''AZ850 System Performance Analyzer'' is a utility for RX850 real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. An RTOS is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which m ...
to evaluate effectiveness of application programs.
*Gaio Technology: ''Coverage Master winAMS''
:''Coverage Master winAMS'' is a source
Source may refer to:
Research
* Historical document
* Historical source
* Source (intelligence) or sub source, typically a confidential provider of non open-source intelligence
* Source (journalism), a person, publication, publishing institute o ...
code coverage
In computer science, test coverage is a percentage measure of the degree to which the source code of a program is executed when a particular test suite is run. A program with high test coverage has more of its source code executed during testing, ...
measurement tool.
Static code analyzers
*GHS (Green Hills Software): ''DoubleCheck'' ISA (Integrated Static Analysis) tool
*Rogue Wave Software, Inc: ''Klocwork''
IDE (Integrated Development Environments)
''IDE'', ''Integrated Development Environment'', is a framework to provide software development functions.
*Renesas: ''CS+'' (formerly ''CubeSuite+'')
* GHS (Green Hills Software): ''Multi''
*Eclipse
An eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporarily obscured, by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer. This alignment of three c ...
Plugins
**''GNU Compiler Collection
The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is an optimizing compiler produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages, hardware architectures and operating systems. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) distributes GCC as free softwar ...
(GCC)'' and ''GNU Debugger
The GNU Debugger (GDB) is a portable debugger that runs on many Unix-like systems and works for many programming languages, including Ada, C, C++, Objective-C, Free Pascal, Fortran, Go, and partially others.
History
GDB was first written ...
(GDB)''
**'' Wind River Workbench'' (formerly Tornado)
Hardware development tools
ICE (In-circuit emulators)
Most in-circuit emulator
In-circuit emulation (ICE) is the use of a hardware device or in-circuit emulator used to debug the software of an embedded system. It operates by using a processor with the additional ability to support debugging operations, as well as to carr ...
s, such as Renesas's ''IE850'' (formerly ''IECUBE2''),
can be used for both the V850 family and the RH850 family, but may require firmware
In computing, firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for a device's specific hardware. Firmware, such as the BIOS of a personal computer, may contain basic functions of a device, and may provide h ...
updating.
The latest "trace function" of the JTAG
JTAG (named after the Joint Test Action Group which codified it) is an industry standard for verifying designs and testing printed circuit boards after manufacture.
JTAG implements standards for on-chip instrumentation in electronic design aut ...
(''N-Wire'') based in-circuit emulator is upgraded from the ''N-Trace'' (single-ended signaling
Single-ended signaling is the simplest and most commonly used method of transmitting electrical signals over wires. One wire carries a varying voltage that represents the signal, while the other wire is connected to a reference voltage, usually ...
)
to the ''Aurora
An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of bri ...
Trace'' (differential signaling
Differential signalling is a method for electrically transmitting information using two complementary signals. The technique sends the same electrical signal as a differential pair of signals, each in its own conductor. The pair of conduc ...
).
Full probing pod type
Full probing pod type in-circuit emulator
In-circuit emulation (ICE) is the use of a hardware device or in-circuit emulator used to debug the software of an embedded system. It operates by using a processor with the additional ability to support debugging operations, as well as to carr ...
is sometimes called ''full ICE'' or ''legacy ICE''.
*Renesas ''IE850'' (formerly ''IECUBE2'')
*Naito Densei Machida Mfg. Co., Ltd. (Operation started as NEC's subsidiary.)
**''Asmis'' brand for custom LSIs.
ROM emulator type
* Lauterbach: ''ROM Monitor for V850''
*KMC (Kyoto Microcomputer Co., Ltd.): ''PARTNER-ET II'' (obsoleted)
JTAG N-Wire and N-Trace type
N-Wire and N-Trace
is a JTAG
JTAG (named after the Joint Test Action Group which codified it) is an industry standard for verifying designs and testing printed circuit boards after manufacture.
JTAG implements standards for on-chip instrumentation in electronic design aut ...
-based debugging interface specification, which circuit implementation is called TAP Controller (Test Access Port controller),
primarily compiled by Philips N.V.
Koninklijke Philips N.V. (), commonly shortened to Philips, is a Dutch multinational conglomerate corporation that was founded in Eindhoven in 1891. Since 1997, it has been mostly headquartered in Amsterdam, though the Benelux headquarters is ...
(currently NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors N.V. (NXP) is a Dutch semiconductor designer and manufacturer with headquarters in Eindhoven, Netherlands. The company employs approximately 31,000 people in more than 30 countries. NXP reported revenue of $11.06 billion in 2 ...
). But it is perhaps not disclosed publicly in its earlier stage. As the result, each semiconductor and in-circuit emulator
In-circuit emulation (ICE) is the use of a hardware device or in-circuit emulator used to debug the software of an embedded system. It operates by using a processor with the additional ability to support debugging operations, as well as to carr ...
vendor implemented similar interfaces independently. Nowadays, it is standardized by ''IEEE 1149.1 Working Group''.
*Renesas
**''E1 Emulator'': USB 2.0 based affordable compact housing equipment.
**PCMCIA N-Wire Card ''IE-V850E1-CD-NW''
*Naito Densei Machida Mfg. Co., Ltd. (Operation started as NEC's subsidiary.): ''Asmis'' brand.
*Midas Lab.: ''RTE-2000H'' with ''PARTNER'' debugger
* Lauterbach: ''Trace32''
*: ''BlueBox iC5000 and iC5700''
* IAR Systems
*DTS INSIGHT (formerly YDC; Yokogawa Digital Computer): ''adviceLUNA II''
*Computex: ''PALMiCE3 V850''
*Sohwa & Sophia Technologies: ''Universal Probe Blue'' with ''WATCHPOINT'' debugger
*KMC (Kyoto Microcomputer Co., Ltd.): PARTNER-Jet (obsoleted)
Nexus and Aurora trace type
''Nexus
NEXUS is a joint Canada Border Services Agency and U.S. Customs and Border Protection-operated Trusted Traveler and expedited border control program designed for pre-approved, low-risk travelers. Members of the program can avoid waits at border ...
'' or ''IEEE-ISTO 5001-2003'' is a standard debugging
In computer programming and software development, debugging is the process of finding and resolving '' bugs'' (defects or problems that prevent correct operation) within computer programs, software, or systems.
Debugging tactics can involve i ...
interface for embedded system
An embedded system is a computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. It is ''embedded ...
s.
''Aurora
An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of bri ...
'' is a high speed signal transfer specification. Its data link layer
The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between nodes on a network segment across the physical layer. The data link layer p ...
communications protocol
A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics and synch ...
is a point-to-point serial links, and physical layer
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer; The layer most closely associated with the physical connection between devices. This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip.
The ...
is a high speed differential signaling
Differential signalling is a method for electrically transmitting information using two complementary signals. The technique sends the same electrical signal as a differential pair of signals, each in its own conductor. The pair of conduc ...
.
* Lauterbach: Trace32: PowerTrace for NEXUS
*: BlueBox iC5000 and iC5700 (Nexus), iC6000 (Aurora)
Flash ROM programmers
Because the V850 family is developed as a single chip microcontroller, every product integrates non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. In contrast, volatile memory needs constant power in order to retain data.
Non-volatile memory typi ...
. In its first stage, it was one-time programmable
A programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a form of digital memory where the contents can be changed once after manufacture of the device. The data is then permanent and cannot be changed. It is one type of read-only memory (ROM). PROMs are used ...
or UV EPROM type, but in V853, V850/xxn Series, and later, it becomes flash memory
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use ...
type.
Gang writers (gang programmers)
A ''gang writer'', or a ''gang programmer'', is an old terminology
Terminology is a group of specialized words and respective meanings in a particular field, and also the study of such terms and their use; the latter meaning is also known as terminology science. A ''term'' is a word, compound word, or multi-wo ...
for programmable ROM
A programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a form of digital memory where the contents can be changed once after manufacture of the device. The data is then permanent and cannot be changed. It is one type of read-only memory (ROM). PROMs are used ...
writers, or programmers. Its name comes from that it steals the binary code from one device, and write it to several others simultaneously. This ''read device'' is sometimes called a ''master device''. For mass production use, a dedicated attachment board with "a set of sockets", i.e. "a gang", is needed. As usual, instead of a programmed master device, an object code
In computing, object code or object module is the product of a compiler
In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the ''source'' language) into another language (the ...
file can be copied from a PC via download cable, or from a USB stick. Most ''gang writers'' accept ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because ...
-format files such as '' Intel HEX'' and Motorola ''SREC'', or binary format files such as ''ELF
An elf () is a type of humanoid supernatural being in Germanic mythology and folklore. Elves appear especially in North Germanic mythology. They are subsequently mentioned in Snorri Sturluson's Icelandic Prose Edda. He distinguishes "ligh ...
''.
This method is suitable for mass production.
*TESSERA Technology Inc.: ''Stick GANG Writer''
Programming service providers
Flash ROM programming service provider
A service provider (SP) is an organization that provides services, such as consulting, legal, real estate, communications, storage, and processing services, to other organizations. Although a service provider can be a sub-unit of the organization t ...
s exist in most countries.
*Minato Holdings, Inc.
: Minato Holdings, Inc. (in Japanese) is a Japanese company that started as an automated test equipment vendor for memory LSIs. Nowadays, it provides flash ROM programming services for various devices, including V850 and RH850, with its own ''gang writers'' and ''full automatic device handler'' machines.
On board programming with ICE
Most JTAG
JTAG (named after the Joint Test Action Group which codified it) is an industry standard for verifying designs and testing printed circuit boards after manufacture.
JTAG implements standards for on-chip instrumentation in electronic design aut ...
-based in-circuit emulator
In-circuit emulation (ICE) is the use of a hardware device or in-circuit emulator used to debug the software of an embedded system. It operates by using a processor with the additional ability to support debugging operations, as well as to carr ...
s have an ''on board'' flash ROM programming function via a debug port,
which may be according to ''IEEE standard 1532-2002'', a standard for in-system configuration of programmable components.
Direct connection via RS-232C
If the target board has a ''RS-232C
In telecommunications, RS-232 or Recommended Standard 232 is a standard originally introduced in 1960 for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines signals connecting between a ''DTE'' ('' data terminal equipment'') suc ...
'' connector and a transceiver (driver/receiver) IC, such as ''ICL32xx'',
for the ''UARTx'' peripheral function of V850 device, flash ROM programming with a directly connected PC might be available (depends on devices
).
The ''Renesas Flash Programmer'' software ''V2''
or ''V3''
is required.
Dedicated on board programmer
On-board programming is also available via ''UARTx'' or ''CSIx+HS'' peripherals on V850 devices by using dedicated programmer hardware (depends on devices).
*Renesas: ''PG-FP6''
Ancient PROM writers
To program V851
and V852, an ancient PROM
A promenade dance, commonly called a prom, is a dance party for high school students. It may be offered in semi-formal black tie or informal suit for boys, and evening gowns for girls. This event is typically held near the end of the school y ...
programmer with dedicated adapter is required.
*Renesas ''PG-1500'' (obsoleted)
:Renesas ''PG-1500'' is a programmable ROM
A programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a form of digital memory where the contents can be changed once after manufacture of the device. The data is then permanent and cannot be changed. It is one type of read-only memory (ROM). PROMs are used ...
writer compatible with ''27C1001A'' devices, UV EPROM, or one-time PROM (OTP). This writer reads a ''silicon signature'' from each device before programming, by asserting 12.5 V to the ''A9'' (address #9) terminal. It must NOT be used for modern flash ROM burning.
Gray zone tools
Some gray zone hacking tools exist for V850 on car dashboards.
*VVDI PROG.:
**OBDexpress
Evaluation boards
*Renesas: ''TK-850'': The name is influenced by nostalgia
Nostalgia is a sentimentality for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations. The word ''nostalgia'' is a learned formation of a Greek compound, consisting of (''nóstos''), meaning "homecoming", a Homeric word ...
for the TK-80
The TK-80 (μCOM Training Kit TK-80) was an 8080-based single-board computer kit developed by Nippon Electric Company (NEC) in 1976. It was originally developed for engineers who considered using the '' μCOM-80 family'' in their product. It was s ...
8080
The Intel 8080 (''"eighty-eighty"'') is the second 8-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel. It first appeared in April 1974 and is an extended and enhanced variant of the earlier 8008 design, although without binary compatibil ...
-based training kit.
See also
*NEC V60
is a Japanese multinational information technology and electronics corporation, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. The company was known as the Nippon Electric Company, Limited, before rebranding in 1983 as NEC. It provides IT and network soluti ...
*RL78
RL78 Family is a 16-bit CPU core for embedded microcontrollers of Renesas Electronics introduced in 2010.
Architecture
Although it has eight 8-bit registers or four 16-bit register pairs, essentially all arithmetic operations are performed ...
* 78K
*IEBus
IEBus (''Inter Equipment Bus'') is a communication bus specification "between equipments within a vehicle or a chassis" of Renesas Electronics. It defines OSI model layer 1 and layer 2 specification. ''IEBus'' is mainly used for car audio and c ...
References and notes
External links
Die photo of V850 (V851 maybe) introduced 1994 by Nikkei BP
(in Japanese, registration required)
(in Japanese)
Present Status of the Embedded CPU in SoC Design, ''NEC Tech. Journal'' 1-5 pp.38-45 (Dec. 2006)
Renesas: V850 Architecture Overview, High performance and Energy Efficient
User’s Manual, V850 Family 32-bit Single-Chip Microcontroller Architecture
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