Vukovar Synagogue was the main

synagogue A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of worshi ...

of the Jewish community in Vukovar,

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

, after the first smaller synagogue was sold to the

Calvinist Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...

church in 1910. Filozofski fakultet odsjek za povijest umjetnosti; Dragan Damjanović; O gradnji i stilu prve vukovarske sinagoge iz 1845. godine; stranica 242; 2007. It was constructed in 1889 in the

Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia ( hr, Kraljevina Hrvatska i Slavonija; hu, Horvát-Szlavónország or ; de-AT, Königreich Kroatien und Slawonien) was a nominally autonomous kingdom and constitutionally defined separate political nation with ...

, within the

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

. The Jews of Vukovar settled in the city in the 19th century from other parts of the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

. The Jewish community in Vukovar was one of the oldest and most significant Jewish communities in Croatia. Ha-Kol (Glasilo Židovske zajednice u Hrvatskoj); Dragan Damjanović; Obitelj Pfeffermann i njihova poslovno stambena jednokatnica u Vukovaru iz 1923; stranica 32; broj 106, srpanj / kolovoz / rujan 2008. The first Vukovar synagogue was built in 1845 by architect Fran Funtak. In 1889, Austria-Hungarian architect Ludwig Schöne ( de) built the Great Vukovar Synagogue for over 200 members of the Vukovar Jewish community. In 1941, during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, the synagogue was plundered and devastated by the

Nazis Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...

. Almost all members of the city's Jewish community were killed during

the Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...

; including Rabbi Izrael Scher (also known as Izidor Šer, born 1901) and his wife, Klara (born 1906), both

Doctors Doctor or The Doctor may refer to: Personal titles * Doctor (title), the holder of an accredited academic degree * A medical practitioner, including: ** Physician ** Surgeon ** Dentist ** Veterinary physician ** Optometrist *Other roles ** ...

, who were murdered at the Jasenovac concentration camp in July 1941. In 1958, communist authorities of the

SFR Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yug ...

demolished the synagogue and sold the remaining ruins. A virtual reconstruction of the Vukovar Synagogue has been done by the Vienna University of Technology.https://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/publik_252899.pdf

References

Bibliography

* 1889 establishments in Croatia 1941 disestablishments in Croatia Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Croatia Ashkenazi synagogues Buildings and structures demolished in 1958

Synagogue A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of worshi ...

Destroyed synagogues in Croatia History of Vukovar Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia Moorish Revival synagogues Mudéjar architecture Religious buildings and structures in Vukovar-Syrmia County Religious organizations disestablished in the 1940s Religious organizations established in 1889 Synagogue buildings with domes Synagogues completed in 1889 Synagogues destroyed by Nazi Germany {{Croatia-synagogue-stub

See also

References

Bibliography