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''Vrij Nederland'' (Free Netherlands) is a Dutch
WorldCat record
1940 establishments in the Netherlands Dutch-language magazines Dutch resistance newspapers Weekly magazines published in the Netherlands Political magazines published in the Netherlands Magazines established in 1940 {{Europe-poli-mag-stub
''Vrij Nederland'' (Free Netherlands) is a Dutch magazine
A magazine is a periodical publication, generally published on a regular schedule (often weekly or monthly), containing a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, purchase price, prepaid subscriptions, or by a combinatio ...
, established during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II as an underground newspaper
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background.
Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports a ...
. It has since grown into a magazine
A magazine is a periodical publication, generally published on a regular schedule (often weekly or monthly), containing a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, purchase price, prepaid subscriptions, or by a combinatio ...
. The originally weekly and now monthly magazine is traditionally intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and who proposes solutions for the normative problems of society. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or a ...
ly left-wing
Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in soci ...
, but in recent years it has become more centrist. It is one of the four most influential written media in its sector, along with ''Elsevier
Elsevier () is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as ''The Lancet'', ''Cell'', the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, '' Trends'', th ...
'', ''De Groene Amsterdammer
''De Groene Amsterdammer'' is an independent Dutch weekly news magazine published in Amsterdam and distributed throughout the Netherlands. It is conventionally considered to be one of the four major weeklies, alongside ''HP/De Tijd'', ''Vrij Neder ...
'' and ''HP/De Tijd
''HP/De Tijd'' is a Dutch language monthly opinion magazine published by the Audax Groep. Its editorial offices are in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Alongside ''De Groene Amsterdammer'', ''Vrij Nederland'' and ''Elsevier'', it is one of the most influe ...
'', now all with a stagnating or dwindling readership of their printed media. Publisher of Vrij Nederland is WPG Media
Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America. , Winnipeg had a city population of 749,6 ...
in Amsterdam.
The offices are in the headquarters of WPG Media on the Wibautstraat 133.
The first issue was published on 31 August 1940. The chief editors have included:
* 1940–1942: Frans Hofker
* 1941–1950: Henk van Randwijk
* 1950–1955: Johan Winkler
* 1955–1969:
* 1969–1991: Rinus Ferdinandusse
* 1991–1997: Joop van Tijn
* 1998–2000: Oscar Garschagen
* 2001–2004: Xandra Schutte
* 2004–2005: Gerard van Westerloo (interim)
* 2005–2008: Emile Fallaux
* 2008–2015: Frits van Exter
* 2017–present: Ward Wijndelts
The circulation has decreased from 1945 on, except for an increase in the 1970s:
* 1945: 109,000
* 1947: 32,000
* 1951: 35,000
* 1955: 19,000
* 1960: 23,000
* 1965: 36,950
* 1970: 81,378
* 1975: 109,381
* 1978: 117,165
* 1980: 111,857
* 1985: 97,132
* 1990: 76,947
* 2000: 55,947
* 2001: 53,669 (−4.1%)
* 2002: 53,413 (−0.5%)
* 2003: 52,868 (−1.0%)
* 2004: 50,124 (−5.2%)
* 2005: 49,244 (−1.8%)
* 2006: 47,082 (−4.4%)
* 2007: 46,671 (−0.9%)
* 2008: 44,115 (−5.5%)
* 2009: 44,860 (+1.7%)
* 2010: 48,353 (+7.8%)
* 2011: 45,534 (−5.8%)
* 2012: 40,872 (−10.2%)
* 2013: 35,649 (−12.8%)
* 2014: 31.623 (−11.3%)
* 2015: 22.937 (−27.5%)
* 2016: 19.875 (−13.3%)
External links
*WorldCat record
1940 establishments in the Netherlands Dutch-language magazines Dutch resistance newspapers Weekly magazines published in the Netherlands Political magazines published in the Netherlands Magazines established in 1940 {{Europe-poli-mag-stub