Eduard von Martens (18 April 1831 – 14 August 1904) also known as ''Carl'' or ''Karl Eduard von Martens'', was a German zoologist.
Born in
Stuttgart in 1831, von Martens attended university in
Tübingen
Tübingen (, , Swabian: ''Dibenga'') is a traditional university city in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, and developed on both sides of the Neckar and Ammer rivers. about one in three ...
, where he graduated in 1855.
He then moved to
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
, where he would be based for the remainder of his career, both at the Zoological Museum of the Berlin University (from 1855) and, from 1859 on, at the .
In 1860, he embarked on the ''Thetis'' expedition of the Prussian expedition to
Eastern Asia.
When the expedition returned to Europe in 1862, von Martens continued to travel around
Maritime Southeast Asia
Maritime Southeast Asia comprises the countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor. Maritime Southeast Asia is sometimes also referred to as Island Southeast Asia, Insular Southeast Asia or Oceanic Sout ...
for 15 months.
He published the results of the "Thetis" expedition in two volumes, constituting the Zoologischer Theil of the "Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien." Vol. ii, consisting of 447 pages and 22 plates, contained a very full account of the land molluscs.
Back in Berlin, von Martens was curator of the malacological and other invertebrate sections until his death.
Von Martens described 155 new
genera (150 of them
molluscs
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estim ...
) and almost 1,800
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
(including around 1,680 molluscs, 39
crustacean
Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group can ...
s, and 50
echinoderm
An echinoderm () is any member of the phylum Echinodermata (). The adults are recognisable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the s ...
s).
He was a foreign member of the
Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature colle ...
, and a corresponding member of the
Zoological Society of London
The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats. It was founded in 1826. Since 1828, it has maintained the London Zoo, and since 1931 Whipsnade Park.
History
On 29 ...
.
Bibliography
Besides many memoirs, von Martens wrote over 200 separate papers in scientific publications. Besides his work on
Mollusca, von Martens wrote upon all branches of zoology, but especially upon
Crustacea and
Echinoderms..
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Die Heliceen, nach natürlicher Verwandtschaft systematisch geordnet Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. (with
Johann Christian Albers
Johann Christian Albers (13 March 1795, Bremen – September 1857, Stuttgart) was a German physician and malacologist.
During his career, he served as ''Medicinalrath'' and ''Regierungsrath'' in Berlin. As a zoologist, he was the taxonomic auth ...
)
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* 1866. Genus ''Lanistes'' Montfort. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 2 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 285–295
* 1867. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Nach amtlichen Quellen. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. Die Landschnecken, vol. 2, Königliche Geheime Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin
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* 1868. Description of a new species. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 3 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 381
* 1869. Mollusken. In: Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859–1865, vol. 3 Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, Part 1, Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Crustaceen, Mollusken und Echinodermen Kersten, O. ed., 53–66
* 1869. Uebersicht der Land- und Süsswassermollusken der ostafrikanischen Küste von Cap Guardafui bis Port Natal nebst nächstliegenden Inseln. In: Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859–1865, vol. 3 Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, Part 1, Säugethiere, Vögel, Amphibien, Crustaceen, Mollusken und Echinodermen Kersten, O. ed., 148–160
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* 1871. Donum Bismarckianum. Eine Sammlung von Südsee-Conchylien, Ferdinand Berggold, Berlin (mit B. Langkavel)
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* 1873. Description of a new species. In: Catalogue of the marine Mollusca of New Zealand, with diagnoses of the species, vol. Hutton, F.W. ed.
* 1873. Critical list of the Mollusca of New Zealand contained in European collections, with references to descriptions and synonyms, Government printer, Wellington
* 1873. Die Binnenmollusken Venezuela's. In: Festschrift zur Feier des hundertjähringen Bestehens der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, vol. Reichert, K.B. ed., 157–225
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* 1874. Sliznyaki Mollusca. In: Reise in Turkestan von Alexis Fedtschenkow. Auf Veranlassung des General-Gouverneurs von Turestan, General Kaufmann Gesellschaft der Freunde der Naturwissenschaften in Moskau ed., vol. 2 Zoologischer Theil 1 Fedchencko, A.P. ed.
* 1874. Ueber vorderasiatische Conchylien, nach den Sammlungen des Prof. Hausknecht. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed.
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* 1875. Die Gattung ''Neritina''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 1–64
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* 1876. Description of nonmarine Mollusca. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 4 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 145–171
* 1876. Die ''Bulimus''-Arten aus der Gruppe ''Borus''. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 1–26
* 1877. Die Gattung ''Neritina''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 65–144
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* 1877. Description of nonmarine Mollusca. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 29–38
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* 1878. Die Gattung ''Neritiana''. In. Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 2 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 145–208
* 1878. Kaukasische Conchylien. In: Naturwissenschaftliche Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Kaukasusländer, auf Grund seiner Sammelbeute, Schneider, O. ed., 11–34
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* 1879. Descriptions of nonmarine Mollusca. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series Prima. Mollusca extramarina. Beschreibung und Abbildung neuer oder kritischer Land- und Süßwassermollusken., vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 175–197
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* 1880. Mollusken. In: Beiträge zur Meeresfauna der Insel Mauritius und der Seychellen, vol. Möbius, K. ed., 181–352
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* 1881. Die Gattung ''Navicella''. In. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 1–40
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* 1882. Die Gattung ''Navicella''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 41–56
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* 1886. Description of a new ''Physa''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 1 Clessin, S. ed., 350
* 1886. Mollusca. In: M.M. Schepman, Systematische lijst, met beschrijving der nieuwe soorten.. In. Midden-Sumatra. Reizen en onderzoekingen der Sumatra-Expeditie ... Deel IV Natuurlijke Historie, I Fauna, 3, vol. 3 Veth, P.J. ed., 5–18
* 1886.
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* 1886 (with G. Pfeiffer).
* 1887–1889. Die Gattung ''Nerita'' und ''Neritopsis''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 2, 1–64
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* 1891. Landschnecken des Indischen Archipels. In: Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien, vol. Weber, M. ed., 209–263
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* 1894. Description of a new ''Limicolaria''. In: W.Kobelt, Die Genera ''Livihacia'', ''Pseudachatina'', ''Perideris'', ''Limicolaria'', und ''Homorus''. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, vol. 1, 72
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* 1894. Mollusken. In. Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem malayischen Archipel, ser. Denkschriften der medicinisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 8, vol. 5 Semon, R. ed., 83–96
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* 1897. Süss- und Brackwasser Mollusken des Indischen Archipels.. In. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederländisch Ost-Indien, vol. 4 Weber, M. ed., 1–331
* 1897. Beschalte Weichthiere Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas. In: Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, vol. 4 Stuhlmann, F. ed.
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* 1899. Mollusca. In: Symbolae Physicae sei icones adhuc ineditae corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex per Libyam ... . Zoologica Carlgren, F., Hilgendorf, F., Martens, E.v., Matschie, P., Tornier, G. & Weltner, W. ed., 11–12
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* 1904. Die beschalten Gastropoden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, 1898–1899.. In. A. Systematisch-geographischer Theil., vol. 7 Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899, 1–146
* 1904. Anhang VII. Mollusken. In. Die Kalahari. Versuch einer physisch-geographischen Darstellung der Sandfelder des südafrikanischen Beckens Passarge, S. ed., 754–759
* 1905.
* 1908 (with
Johannes Thiele).
See also
*
:Taxa named by Eduard von Martens
References
Obituary notes in Journal of Molluscan Studies 6.6 (1905): 315-318
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Martens, Eduard von
German malacologists
German carcinologists
1831 births
1904 deaths
19th-century German zoologists
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Scientists from Stuttgart
University of Tübingen alumni