Volkameria Aculeata

''Volkameria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref>Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendrum'' (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". ''Taxon'' 59(1):125-133. Many of the species are found in coastal habitats.

The species of ''Volkameria'' are mostly shrubs, sometimes subshrubs or lianas, rarely small trees. The stems have swollen nodes. The flowers are usually fragrant. The fruit matures black or brown, separating into four corky pyrenes.

'' Volkameria aculeata'' and '' Volkameria glabra'' are grown as ornamentals in the tropics.George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu (2005) '' Volkameria heterophylla'' is also known in cultivation.Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening.'' The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. '' Volkameria inermis'' is planted as a sand binder.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK.

;Species
# '' Volkameria acerbiana'' Vis. - northeastern Africa from Egypt to Tanzania and west to Chad; also Guinea-Bissau + Gambia in West Africa
# '' Volkameria aculeata'' L. - West Indies, northern South America, Honduras, Veracruz State in eastern Mexico
# '' Volkameria aggregata''(Gürke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Madagascar
# '' Volkameria eriophylla'' (Gürke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - eastern + southern Africa from Tanzania to Namibia
# '' Volkameria glabra'' (E.Mey.) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - western + southern Africa from South Africa to Somalia; Seychelles, Comoros
# '' Volkameria heterophylla'' Poir. - Mauritius, Réunion; naturalized in India, Madagascar, Australia
# '' Volkameria inermis'' L. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Australia, Pacific Islands
# '' Volkameria ligustrina'' Jacq. - Mexico, Central America
# '' Volkameria mollis'' (Kunth) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Galápagos
# '' Volkameria pittieri'' (Moldenke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador

History

''Volkameria'' was originally named (as "''Volcameria''") by German botanist Lorenz Heister in ''Index plantarum rariorum'' (1730), the name subsequently being adopted by Swedish scientist Carl LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus. 1737. ''Critica Botanica'' page 95 and validly published in his Species Plantarum (1753).''Volkameria'' page 637. In: Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. ''Species Plantarum'' volume 2. Laurentii Salvii. Heister named the genus after the German botanist Johann Georg Volckamer the Younger (1662-1744),Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'' volume IV, page 2809. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. (set). (see ''External links'' below). who had described the plant in his ''Flora Noribergensis'' (1700).

In 1895, John Isaac Briquet defined the genus ''Clerodendrum'' broadly, to include all of those species now placed in ''Rotheca'', ''Clerodendrum'', ''Volkameria'', and ''Ovieda''.John Isaac Briquet. 1895. "''Clerodendrum''" pages 174-176. In: "Verbenaceae" pages 132-182. In: ''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' volume IV, part 3a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany. This was considered questionable by many, but for the next 100 years, Briquet's circumscription was usually followed, mostly because of confusion and uncertainty regarding this group of at least 200 species.

In 2010, a molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences showed that most of the ''Clerodendrum'' species that had been in ''Volkameria'' were more closely related to '' Aegiphila'', ''Ovieda'', '' Tetraclea'', and '' Amasonia'' than to other species of ''Clerodendrum''. (See the phylogenetic tree at Lamiaceae). Following these results, ''Volkameria'' was reinstated. Some species that had been erroneously placed in ''Volkameria'' were excluded. Some of the poorly known species in ''Clerodendrum'' might still need to be transferred to ''Volkameria''.

Gallery

Image:Clerodendrum inerme (Seaside Clerodendrum) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 8996.jpg, '' Volkameria inermis'' in Hyderabad, India.
Image:Clerodendrum inerme (Seaside Clerodendrum) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 8994.jpg, '' Volkameria inermis'' in Hyderabad, India.
Image:Clerodendrum inerme (Seaside Clerodendrum) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 8993.jpg, '' Volkameria inermis'' in Hyderabad, India.

References

External links

''Volkameria''
A
Index Nominum Genericorum
At

At


''Volkameria''
In
volume 2
Of
Species Plantarum
At
Biodiversity Heritage Library

CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: R-Z
At
Botany & Plant Science
At
Life Science
At
CRC Press

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7940220

Lamiaceae
Lamiaceae genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Pantropical flora