The Arvicolinae are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are na ...

s that includes the

vole Voles are small rodents that are relatives of lemmings and hamsters, but with a stouter body; a longer, hairy tail; a slightly rounder head; smaller eyes and ears; and differently formed molars (high-crowned with angular cusps instead of low-c ...

lemming A lemming is a small rodent, usually found in or near the Arctic in tundra biomes. Lemmings form the subfamily Arvicolinae (also known as Microtinae) together with voles and muskrats, which form part of the superfamily Muroidea, which also include ...

s, and

muskrat The muskrat (''Ondatra zibethicus'') is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent native to North America and an introduced species in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands over a wide range of climates and habitat ...

s. They are most closely related to the other subfamilies in the

Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At almost 608 species, it is the second-largest family of mammals, and has m ...

(comprising the

hamster Hamsters are rodents (order Rodentia) belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae, which contains 19 species classified in seven genera.Fox, Sue. 2006. ''Hamsters''. T.F.H. Publications Inc. They have become established as popular small pets. The b ...

s and

New World rats and mice The New World rats and mice are a group of related rodents found in North and South America. They are extremely diverse in appearance and ecology, ranging in from the tiny ''Baiomys'' to the large ''Kunsia''. They represent one of the few exampl ...

). Some authorities place the subfamily Arvicolinae in the family

Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia. The name Muridae come ...

along with all other members of the superfamily

Muroidea The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, lemmings, gerbils, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia, they occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except A ...

. Some refer to the subfamily as the Microtinae (yielding the adjective "microtine") or rank the taxon as a full

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

, the Arvicolidae. The Arvicolinae are the most populous group of

Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are na ...

ia in the Northern Hemisphere. They often are found in fossil occlusions of bones cached by past predators such as owls and other birds of prey. Fossils of this group are often used for

biostratigraphic Biostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy which focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of rock strata by using the fossil assemblages contained within them.Hine, Robert. “Biostratigraphy.” ''Oxford Reference: Dictionary of Bio ...

dating of paleontological and archeological sites in North America and Europe.

Description

The most convenient distinguishing feature of the Arvicolinae is the nature of their molar teeth, which have prismatic cusps in the shape of alternating triangles. These molars are an adaptation to a

herbivorous A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthpart ...

diet in which the major food plants include a large proportion of abrasive materials such as

phytolith Phytoliths (from Greek, "plant stone") are rigid, microscopic structures made of silica, found in some plant tissues and persisting after the decay of the plant. These plants take up silica from the soil, whereupon it is deposited within different ...

s; the teeth get worn down by abrasion throughout the adult life of the animal and they grow continuously in compensation. Arvicolinae are

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region ...

in distribution and represent one of only a few major

muroid The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, lemmings, gerbils, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia, they occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except A ...

radiations to reach the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3 ...

via

Beringia Beringia is defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72 degrees north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip ...

. (The others are the three subfamilies of

.) Arvicolines do very well in the subnival zone beneath the winter snowpack, and persist throughout winter without needing to

hibernate Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression undergone by some animal species. Hibernation is a seasonal heterothermy characterized by low body-temperature, slow breathing and heart-rate, and low metabolic rate. It most ...

. They are also characterized by extreme fluctuations in population numbers. Most arvicolines are small, furry, short-tailed

s or

s, but some, such as ''

Ellobius ''Ellobius'' is a genus of rodents in the family Cricetidae. It is the only member of the tribe Ellobiusini. It contains two ('' E. lutescens'' and '' E. tancrei'') of the handful of examples of mammal species that have lost the Y chromosome. Th ...

'' and ''

Hyperacrius ''Hyperacrius'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It contains the following species: * True's vole True's vole (''Hyperacrius fertilis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in India and Pakistan P ...

'', are well adapted to a

fossorial A fossorial () animal is one adapted to digging which lives primarily, but not solely, underground. Some examples are badgers, naked mole-rats, clams, meerkats, and mole salamanders, as well as many beetles, wasps, and bees. Prehistoric eviden ...

lifestyle. Others, such as ''

Ondatra The muskrat (''Ondatra zibethicus'') is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent native to North America and an introduced species in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands over a wide range of climates and habitat ...

'', ''

Neofiber The round-tailed muskrat (''Neofiber alleni'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae, sometimes called the Florida water rat.Arvicola The water voles are large voles in the genus ''Arvicola''. They are found in both aquatic and dry habitat through Europe and much of northern Asia. A water vole found in Western North America was historically considered a member of this genus ...

'', have evolved larger body sizes and are associated with an aquatic lifestyle.

Phylogeny

The

phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...

of the Arvicolinae has been studied using morphological and molecular characters. Markers for the molecular phylogeny of arvicolines included the

mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial D ...

cytochrome b (''cyb'') gene and the exon 10 of the

growth hormone receptor Growth hormone receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GHR'' gene. GHR orthologs have been identified in most mammals. Structure Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a transmembrane protein consisting of 620 amino acids. The recep ...

(''ghr'') nuclear gene.Galewski T, Tilak M, Sanchez S, Chevret P, Paradis E, Douzery EJP. 2006
The evolutionary radiation of Arvicolinae rodents (voles and lemmings): relative contribution of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies. BMC Evol. Biol. 6:80
The comparison of the ''cyb'' and ''ghr'' phylogenetic results seems to indicate nuclear genes are useful for resolving relationships of recently evolved animals. As compared to mitochondrial genes,

nuclear gene A nuclear gene is a gene whose physical DNA nucleotide sequence is located in the cell nucleus of a eukaryote. The term is used to distinguish nuclear genes from genes found in mitochondria or chloroplasts. The vast majority of genes in eukaryote ...

s display several informative sites in third

codon The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material ( DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links ...

positions that evolve rapidly enough to accumulate

synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...

, but slow enough to avoid evolutionary noise. Of note, mitochondrial

pseudogenes Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes. Most arise as superfluous copies of functional genes, either directly by DNA duplication or indirectly by reverse transcription of an mRNA transcript. Pseudogenes are ...

translocated within the nuclear genome complicate the assessment of the mitochondrial DNA orthology, but they can also be used as phylogenetic markers. Sequencing complete mitochondrial genomes of voles may help to distinguish between authentic genes and pseudogenes. The complementary phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular characters suggests: * ''

'', ''

Prometheomys The long-clawed mole vole (''Prometheomys schaposchnikowi'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Prometheomys''. It is found in Georgia and Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially th ...

'', and '' Lagurus'' are among the most basal arvicolines. * '' Dicrostonyx'', '' Phenacomys'', and '' Arborimus'' may form a clade. * Core arvicolines include three subclades: **

Lemmini Lemmini is a tribe of lemmings in the subfamily Arvicolinae. Species in this tribe are: Tribe Lemmini * Genus ''Lemmus'' - true lemmings ** Amur lemming (''L. amurensis'') ** Norway lemming (''L. lemmus'') ** Beringian lemming (''L. nigripes'') ...

: ''Synaptomys'', ''Lemmus'', ''Myopus'' ** Clethrionomyini: ''Eothenomys'', ''Myodes'' **

Arvicolini Arvicolini is a tribe of voles in the subfamily Arvicolinae. A 2021 study found that ''Arvicola'' may not belong in this group, instead being sister to the tribe Lagurini. List of species Tribe Arvicolini *Genus ''Arvicola'' - water voles ** Eu ...

: ''Arvicola'', ''Chionomys'', ''Stenocranius'', and ''Microtus'' * ''

Microtus ''Microtus'' is a genus of voles found in North America, Europe and northern Asia. The genus name refers to the small ears of these animals. About 62 species are placed in the genus. They are stout rodents with short ears, legs and tails. They ea ...

'' ''sensu lato'' contains ''Alexandromys'', ‘''Neodon''’, ''Mynomes'', ''Lasiopodomys'', ''Terricola'', and ''Microtus'' ''sensu stricto''. * ''

'' and ''

Dinaromys The Balkan snow vole (''Dinaromys bogdanovi''), also known as Martino's snow vole, is the only member of the genus ''Dinaromys''. Eight subspecies of this vole have been recognized from southern parts of Europe. The genus name means "Dinaric mo ...

'' positions are uncertain, probably compromised by the

convergent evolution Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last com ...

of morphological characters. Some authorities have placed the

zokor Zokors are Asiatic burrowing rodents resembling mole-rats. They include two genera: ''Myospalax'' and ''Eospalax''. Zokors are native to much of China, Kazakhstan, and Siberia, Siberian Russia. Traditionally, zokors were thought to be closely ...

s within the Arvicolinae, but they have been shown to be unrelated. A 2021 study found

to be the most basal group of Arvicolinae. The study also found ''

Arvicola The water voles are large voles in the genus ''Arvicola''. They are found in both aquatic and dry habitat through Europe and much of northern Asia. A water vole found in Western North America was historically considered a member of this genus ...

'' to actually fall outside the tribe

, and to be sister to the tribe

Lagurini Lagurini is a tribe of lemmings in the subfamily Arvicolinae. It contains three species in two genera. Species in this tribe are known as steppe lemmings. It contains the following species: * Genus '' Eolagurus'' ** Yellow steppe lemming, ''E. ...

Classification

Subfamily Arvicolinae -

s The subfamily Arvicolinae contains eleven tribes, eight of which are classified as voles, two as lemmings, and one as muskrats. * Tribe

** Genus ''

'' - water voles *** European (or Northern) water vole, ''A. amphibius'' (''A. terrestris'') *** Southwestern (or southern) water vole, ''A. sapidus'' ***

Montane water vole The montane water vole (''Arvicola scherman'') is a species of vole found throughout Europe, from the mountains of northern Spain through central Europe and eastwards through to central Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country loc ...

, ''A. scherman'' ** Genus ''

Chionomys ''Chionomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It contains the following species: * Caucasian snow vole (''Chionomys gud'') * European snow vole (''Chionomys nivalis'') * Robert's snow vole Robert's snow vole (''Chionomys robe ...

'' - snow voles *** Caucasian snow vole, ''C. gud'' *** European snow vole, ''C. nivalis'' ***

Robert's snow vole Robert's snow vole (''Chionomys roberti'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Russian Federation, and Turkey. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate grassland A grasslan ...

, ''C. roberti'' ** Genus '' Lasiopodomys'' ***

Brandt's vole Brandt's vole, (''Lasiopodomys brandtii''), also known as the steppe vole, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is native to shrublands and grasslands in Russia, Mongolia and northern China. Characteristics Brandt's vole is about ...

, ''L. brandtii'' *** Plateau vole, ''L. fuscus'' ***

Mandarin vole The mandarin vole (''Lasiopodomys mandarinus'') is a species of vole found in central China as well as the southern and central Korean Peninsula. An adult mandarin vole is typically of about 115 millimeters in length, in addition to about 28&nbs ...

, ''L. mandarinus'' ** Genus ''

Lemmiscus The sagebrush vole (''Lemmiscus curtatus'') is a tiny vole found in western North America. This is the only member of genus ''Lemmiscus''. They are somewhat similar in appearance to lemmings. They have chunky bodies with short legs and a very sh ...

'' ***

Sagebrush vole The sagebrush vole (''Lemmiscus curtatus'') is a tiny vole found in western North America. This is the only member of genus ''Lemmiscus''. They are somewhat similar in appearance to lemmings. They have chunky bodies with short legs and a very sh ...

, ''L. curtatus'' ** Genus ''

'' - voles ***

Insular vole The insular vole or St. Matthew Island vole (''Microtus abbreviatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It occurs only on St. Matthew Island and the adjacent Hall Island, in Alaska. On these Bering Sea islands, insular voles li ...

, ''M. abbreviatus'' ***

California vole The California vole (''Microtus californicus'') is a type of vole which lives throughout much of California and part of southwestern Oregon. It is also known as the "California meadow mouse", a misnomer as this species is a vole, not a mouse. It a ...

, ''M. californicus'' *** Rock vole, ''M. chrotorrhinus'' ***

Long-tailed vole The long-tailed vole (''Microtus longicaudus''), in some areas known as the San Bernardino long-tailed vole, is a small vole found in western North America. They have short ears and a long tail. Their fur is gray brown with light gray underparts ...

, ''M. longicaudus'' ***

Mexican vole The Mexican vole (''Microtus mexicanus'') is a species of vole. The Hualapai Mexican vole (''M. m. hualapaiensis'') was formerly recognized as a subspecies and was a protected taxon under the United States Endangered Species Act until 2017. Sever ...

, ''M. mexicanus'' ***

Singing vole The singing vole (''Microtus miurus''), is a medium-sized vole found in northwestern North America, including Alaska and northwestern Canada. Physical characteristics Singing voles have short ears, often concealed by their long fur, and a short t ...

, ''M. miurus'' *** North American water vole, ''M. richardsoni'' ***

Zempoaltépec vole The Zempoaltépec vole (''Microtus umbrosus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. The name ''Microtus'' is from the Greek word ''mikros'' meaning small and ''otus'' meaning ear. The name ''umbrosus'' could be from the Latin ''umbros' ...

, ''M. umbrosus'' ***

Taiga vole The taiga vole (''Microtus xanthognathus'') is a large vole found in northwestern North America, including Alaska and northwestern Canada. The name "taiga vole" comes from its living in the boreal taiga zone. It is also sometimes called the yello ...

, ''M. xanthognathus'' *** Subgenus ''Microtus'' ****

Field vole The short-tailed field vole, short-tailed vole, or simply field vole (''Microtus agrestis'') is a grey-brown vole, around 10 cm in length, with a short tail. It is one of the most common mammals in Europe, with a range extending from the Atl ...

, ''M. agrestis'' ****

Anatolian vole The Anatolian vole (''Microtus anatolicus'') is a species of vole found in Turkey, specifically Konya Province. The population is unknown but it lives in small colonies. The species exists in an area that is a remnant zone of Tethys Ocean, and th ...

, ''M. anatolicus'' ****

Common vole The common vole (''Microtus arvalis'') is a European rodent. Distribution and habitat The common vole is hardly restricted in means of distribution and habitat and inhabits large areas of Eurasia but, apart from the Orkney vole, not the Bri ...

, ''M. arvalis'' ****

Cabrera's vole Cabrera's vole (''Microtus cabrerae'') is a species of vole native to Spain and Portugal. It is named for Ángel Cabrera, a mammalogist then working at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid. It is the only living member of the subgen ...

, ''M. cabrerae'' ****

Doğramaci's vole Doğramaci's vole (''Microtus dogramacii'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in central Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a tra ...

, ''M. dogramacii'' ****

Elbeyli vole Elbeyli, formerly Alimantar, is a town and district of Kilis Province in Turkey. Elbeyli was controlled by the Seljuk Turks between 1040 and 1157, then the Ilkhanate, and finally by the Anatolian beylik of Dulkadirids before being brought into ...

, ''M. elbeyli'' ****

Günther's vole Günther's vole (''Microtus guentheri'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae, also known by the name Levant vole. It is found in Bulgaria, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Syria, T ...

, ''M. guentheri'' **** Harting's vole, ''M. hartingii'' ****

Tien Shan vole The Tien Shan vole (''Microtus ilaeus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ...

, ''M. ilaeus'' ****

Persian vole The Persian vole (''Microtus irani'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is only found in Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is b ...

, ''M. irani'' ****

Mediterranean field vole The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...

, ''M. lavernedii'' **** Turkish vole, ''M. lydius'' ****

Kerman vole Kerman ( fa, كرمان, Kermân ; also romanized as Kermun and Karmana), known in ancient times as the satrapy of Carmania, is the capital city of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 821,394, in 221,389 households, m ...

, ''M. kermanensis'' **** Southern vole, ''M. levis'' ****

Paradox vole The paradox vole ('Microtus paradoxus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found in southern Turkmenistan. References

* D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2005: Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third ...

, ''M. paradoxus'' ****

Qazvin vole The Qazvin vole (''Microtus qazvinensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Iran and is normally given as either part of the ''Microtus'' or ''Sumeriomys'' subgenus. It is a close relative of ''Günther's Vole, M. g ...

, ''M. qazvinensis'' ****

Portuguese field vole The short-tailed field vole, short-tailed vole, or simply field vole (''Microtus agrestis'') is a grey-brown vole, around 10 cm in length, with a short tail. It is one of the most common mammals in Europe, with a range extending from the Atl ...

, ''M. rosianus'' **** Schidlovsky's vole, ''M. schidlovskii'' **** Social vole, ''M. socialis'' **** European pine vole, ''M. subterraneus'' **** Transcaspian vole, ''M. transcaspicus'' *** Subgenus ''

Blanfordimys ''Blanfordimys'' is a subgenus of voles in the family ''Microtus''. It was formerly considered a distinct genus, but taxonomic studies group it within the ''Microtus'' radiation. It contains the following species: * Afghan vole The Afghan vol ...

'' ****

Afghan vole The Afghan vole (''Microtus afghanus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in south-central Asia. Characteristics The Afghan vole has a small, stocky body, a blunt, rounded muzzle and rounded ears. The colour varies ac ...

, ''M. afghanus'' **** Bucharian vole, ''M. bucharicus'' **** Juniper vole, ''M. juldaschi'' ***Subgenus ''

Terricola Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms. These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive proper ...

'' **** Bavarian pine vole, ''M. bavaricus'' **** Calabria pine vole, ''M. brachycercus'' **** Daghestan pine vole, ''M. daghestanicus'' **** Mediterranean pine vole, ''M. duodecimcostatus'' **** Felten's vole, ''M. felteni'' ****

Liechtenstein's pine vole Liechtenstein's pine vole (''Microtus liechtensteini'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in central and eastern Europe, from northern Italy through to Austria, Slovenia and Croatia , image_flag = Flag of C ...

, ''M. liechtensteini'' **** Lusitanian pine vole, ''M. lusitanicus'' **** Major's pine vole, ''M. majori'' ****

Alpine pine vole The alpine pine vole (''Microtus multiplex'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Austria, France, Italy, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegowina (Una National Park Sicilian pine vole Savi's pine vole (''Microtus savii'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in France and Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It ...

, ''M. nebrodensis'' ****

Savi's pine vole Savi's pine vole (''Microtus savii'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in France and Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It ...

, ''M. savii'' **** Tatra pine vole, ''M. tatricus'' **** Thomas's pine vole, ''M. thomasi'' *** Subgenus ''

Mynomes ''Mynomes'' is a North American subgenus of voles in the genus ''Microtus''. Species in this subgenus are: * Gray-tailed vole, ''M. canicaudus'' *Western meadow vole ''M. drummondii'' *Florida salt marsh vole ''M. dukecampbelli'' *Montane vole, ' ...

'' ****

Gray-tailed vole The gray-tailed vole (''Microtus canicaudus'') also known as the gray-tailed meadow vole or gray-tailed meadow mouse, is a rodent in the genus ''Microtus'' (small-eared "meadow voles") of the family Cricetidae. Voles are small mammals, and this ...

, ''M. canicaudus'' ****

Western meadow vole The western meadow vole (''Microtus drummondii'') is a species of North American vole found in midwestern and western Canada and the United States, and formerly in Mexico. It was formerly considered conspecific with the eastern meadow vole (''M. ...

, ''M. drummondi'' ****

Florida salt marsh vole The Florida salt marsh vole (''Microtus dukecampbelli'') is a North American vole endemic to the state of Florida in the United States. Taxonomy It was formerly thought conspecific with the eastern meadow vole (''M. pennsylvanicus''), but more ...

, ''M. dukecampbelli'' ****

Montane vole The montane vole (''Microtus montanus'') is a species of vole native to the western United States and Canada. Description Montane voles are medium-sized voles, with a total length of , including the tail. Adults typically weigh anything from , ...

, ''M. montanus'' ****

Creeping vole The creeping vole (''Microtus oregoni''), sometimes known as the Oregon meadow mouse, is a small rodent in the family Cricetidae. Ranging across the Pacific Northwest of North America, it is found in forests, grasslands, woodlands, and chaparral ...

, ''M. oregoni'' ****

Eastern meadow vole The eastern meadow vole (''Microtus pennsylvanicus''), sometimes called the field mouse or meadow mouse, is a North American vole found in eastern Canada and the United States. Its range extends farther south along the Atlantic coast. The west ...

, ''M. pennsylvanicus'' ****

Townsend's vole Townsend's vole (''Microtus townsendii'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae, the sister species of '' M. canicaudus''. It is found in temperate grasslands of British Columbia in Canada and in the states of Washington and Oregon in t ...

, ''M. townsendii'' *** Subgenus ''

Alexandromys ''Alexandromys'' is a genus of voles in the subfamily Arvicolinae, formerly a subgenus of the genus ''Microtus''. Species in this genus are: * Alpine vole (''Alexandromys alpinus'') * Evorsk vole (''Alexandromys evoronensis'') *Reed vole The ...

'' **** Clarke's vole, ''M. clarkei'' **** Evorsk vole, ''M. evoronensis'' ****

Reed vole The reed vole (''Alexandromys fortis'') is a species of vole. It is found in northern and central Eurasia, including northern China and the Korean Peninsula. This species is somewhat larger and longer-tailed than most other voles. Description ...

, ''M. fortis'' ****

Gerbe's vole Gerbe's vole (''Microtus gerbii'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found in France and Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto ...

, ''M. gerbei'' **** Taiwan vole, ''M. kikuchii'' ****

Lacustrine vole The lacustrine vole (''Microtus limnophilus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in China and Mongolia. References

*Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894–1531 ''in'' Mammal S ...

, ''M. limnophilus'' ****

Maximowicz's vole Maximowicz's vole (''Microtus maximowiczii'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in northeastern China, Mongolia, and eastern Russia. Description Maximowicz's vole is one of the largest voles in the genus ''Microtus''. ...

, ''M. maximowiczii'' ****

Middendorf's vole Middendorf's vole (''Microtus middendorffi'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Russia, most commonly north Siberia. The common name commemorates Alexander Theodor von Middendorff (1815–1894), a German–Rus ...

, ''M. middendorffi'' **** Mongolian vole, ''M. mongolicus'' **** Japanese grass vole, ''M. montebelli'' **** Muisk vole, ''Microtus mujanensis'' ****

Tundra vole The tundra vole (''Microtus oeconomus'') or root vole is a medium-sized vole found in Northern and Central Europe, Asia, and northwestern North America, including Alaska and northwestern Canada. In the western part of the Netherlands, the tundra ...

(root vole), ''M. oeconomus'' **** Sakhalin vole, ''M. sachalinensis'' *** Subgenus '' Stenocranius'' **** Narrow-headed vole, ''M. gregalis'' *** Subgenus ''

Pitymys Pitymys is a subgenus of voles in the genus Microtus ''Microtus'' is a genus of voles found in North America, Europe and northern Asia. The genus name refers to the small ears of these animals. About 62 species are placed in the genus. They ar ...

'' ****

Guatemalan vole The Guatemalan vole (''Microtus guatemalensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico, in montane pine-oak forest and meadow at elevations between 2600 and 3100 m above sea level. It is te ...

, ''M. guatemalensis'' ****

Tarabundí vole The Tarabundí vole (''Microtus oaxacensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America ...

, ''M. oaxacensis'' ****

Woodland vole The woodland vole (''Microtus pinetorum'') is a small vole found in Eastern United States, eastern North America. It is also known as the pine vole. Characteristics The woodland vole has a head and body length ranging between with a short tail ...

, ''M. pinetorum'' ****

Jalapan pine vole The Jalapan pine vole (''Microtus quasiater'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae, found only in Mexico. The scientific name ''quasiater'' translates as "almost black", while the common name refers to the city of Jalapa, close to wh ...

, ''M. quasiater'' *** Subgenus ''

Pedomys The prairie vole (''Microtus ochrogaster'') is a small vole found in central North America. The vole has long, coarse grayish-brown fur on the upper portion of the body and yellowish fur on the lower portion of the body. It has short ears and a ...

'' ****

Prairie vole The prairie vole (''Microtus ochrogaster'') is a small vole found in central North America. The vole has long, coarse grayish-brown fur on the upper portion of the body and yellowish fur on the lower portion of the body. It has short ears and a ...

, ''M. ochrogaster'' *** Subgenus ''

Hyrcanicola Schelkovnikov's pine vole (''Microtus schelkovnikovi'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Azerbaijan and Iran. It has recently been considered the sole species in the subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgen ...

'' ****

Schelkovnikov's pine vole Schelkovnikov's pine vole (''Microtus schelkovnikovi'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Azerbaijan and Iran. It has recently been considered the sole species in the subgenus ''Hyrcanicola''. References

*Musse ...

, ''M. schelkovnikovi'' ** Genus ''

Neodon ''Neodon'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae. Species within ''Neodon'' are classified as relics of the Pleistocene epoch because the occlusal patterns resemble the extinct '' Allophaiomys''. The genus ''Neodon'' contains the follow ...

'' - mountain voles ***

Chinese scrub vole The Chinese scrub vole, or Irene's mountain vole, (''Neodon irene'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is endemic to mountainous parts of southern China and is very similar to the Sikkim mountain vole in appearance. The Interna ...

, ''N. irene'' ***

Sikkim mountain vole The Sikkim mountain vole (''Neodon sikimensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Bhutan, India, Nepal and China. Description The Sikkim mountain vole has a head-and-body length of between and a tail length of . ...

, ''N. sikimensis'' ***

Forrest's mountain vole Forrest's mountain vole (''Neodon forresti'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found within China in northwest Yunnan. The initial study by Hinton in 1923 identified it as morphologically close to the Chinese scrub vole (''N. irene ...

, ''N. forresti'' ***

Linzhi mountain vole The Linzhi mountain vole (''Neodon linzhiensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, count ...

, ''N. linzhiensis'' ** Genus ''

Phaiomys Blyth's vole (''Phaiomys leucurus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Phaiomys''. It is found in mountainous regions in northern India, Nepal and China. It is a burrowing rodent and lives in ...

'' *** Blyth's vole, ''P. leucurus'' ** Genus ''

Proedromys ''Proedromys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae from China. It is part of the tribe Arvicolini within the subfamily Arvicolinae, which contains the voles, lemming A lemming is a small rodent, usually found in or near the Arctic in ...

'' ***

Duke of Bedford's vole The Duke of Bedford's vole (''Proedromys bedfordi'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in mountainous parts of central China. It is a rare species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assesse ...

, ''P. bedfordi'' ***

Liangshan vole The Liangshan vole (''Proedromys liangshanensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, ...

, ''P. liangshanensis'' ** Genus ''

Volemys ''Volemys'' is a small genus of rodents in the family Cricetidae. It contains the following species, both of which are endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, ...

'' ***

Szechuan vole The Szechuan vole (''Volemys millicens'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in northwestern Sichuan, China. It is one of two species in the genus ''Volemys'' along with Marie's vole (''Volemys musseri''). Range ...

, ''V. millicens'' ***

Marie's vole Marie's vole (''Volemys musseri'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in China. ''Volemys musseri'' is one of two species in the genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological cla ...

, ''V. musseri'' * Tribe

Dicrostonychini Dicrostonychini is a tribe of lemmings in the subfamily Arvicolinae. It contains only one extant genus, as well as one extinct genus. A 2021 study found Dicrostonychini to also include the genera previously placed in the tribe Phenacomyini, and ...

- collared lemmings ** Genus '' Dicrostonyx'' ***

Northern collared lemming The northern collared lemming or Nearctic collared lemming (''Dicrostonyx groenlandicus''), sometimes called the Peary Land collared lemming in Canada, is a small lemming found in Arctic North America and Wrangel Island. At one time, it was consi ...

, ''D. groenlandicus'' ***

Nelson's collared lemming Nelson's collared lemming (Dicrostonyx nelsoni) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in western and southwestern Alaska in the United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the Uni ...

, ''D. nelsoni'' ***

Ungava collared lemming The Ungava collared lemming or Labrador collared lemming (''Dicrostonyx hudsonius'') is a small North American lemming. This species has a short, chunky body covered with brownish-grey fur, with a thin dark stripe along the back and a yellow li ...

, ''D. hudsonius'' ***

Ogilvie Mountains collared lemming The Ogilvie Mountains collared lemming (''Dicrostonyx nunatakensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Yukon Territory, Canada.Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. (2005). Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894-1531 ''in'' ...

, ''D. nunatakensis'' ***

Richardson's collared lemming The Richardson's collared lemming (''Dicrostonyx richardsoni'') is a small North American lemming. At one time, they were considered to be a subspecies of the Arctic lemming, ''Dicrostonyx torquatus''. Some sources believe they are a subspecies ...

, ''D. richardsoni'' ***

Arctic lemming The Arctic lemming (''Dicrostonyx torquatus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. Although generally classified as a "least concern" species, the Novaya Zemlya subspecies ''(Dicrostonyx torquatus ungulatus)'' is considered a vulner ...

, ''D. torquatus'' ***

Unalaska collared lemming The Unalaska collared lemming (''Dicrostonyx unalascensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. This species is found on two islands, Umnak and Unalaska, in the Aleutian Archipelago of Alaska in the United States. Its natural habita ...

, ''D. unalascensis'' * Tribe Ellobiusini - mole voles ** Genus ''

'' - mole voles ***

Alai mole vole The Alai mole vole (''Ellobius alaicus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is known only from Kyrgyzstan, where it has been found in temperate grassland in the Alai Mountains. Little else is known about the vole. It is threate ...

, ''E. alaicus'' ***

Southern mole vole The southern mole vole (''Ellobius fuscocapillus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a cou ...

, ''E. fuscocapillus'' ***

Transcaucasian mole vole The Transcaucasian mole vole (''Ellobius lutescens'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, and Turkey. Chromosomes The karyotype has a low, odd, diploid number, 2n = 17,X. Transc ...

, ''E. lutescens'' ***

Northern mole vole The northern mole vole (''Ellobius talpinus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is distributed over large parts of Eastern Europe and Asia. Distribution This vole is found in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan an ...

, ''E. talpinus'' ***

Zaisan mole vole The Zaisan mole vole (''Ellobius tancrei''), or eastern mole vole, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in central Asia. Description The Zaisan mole vole is highly adapted to life underground. It grows to a head and body ...

, ''E. tancrei'' * Tribe

** Genus ''

Eolagurus ''Eolagurus'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At almost 608 ...

'' ***

Yellow steppe lemming The yellow steppe lemming (''Eolagurus luteus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in China, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. Its natural habitat is temperate desert A desert is a barren area of landscape where little ...

, ''E. luteus'' ***

Przewalski's steppe lemming Przewalski's steppe lemming (''Eolagurus przewalskii'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in China and Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked ...

, ''E. przewalskii'' ** Genus '' Lagurus'' ***

Steppe lemming The steppe lemming or steppe vole (''Lagurus lagurus'') is a small, plump, light-grey rodent, similar in appearance to the Norway lemming ('' Lemmus lemmus''), but not in the same genus. The steppe lemming eats shoots and leaves and is more act ...

, ''L. lagurus'' * Tribe

** Genus '' Lemmus'' - true lemmings ***

Amur lemming The Amur lemming (''Lemmus amurensis'') is a species of lemmings found near the Amur River in Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of ...

, ''L. amurensis'' ***

Norway lemming The Norway lemming, also known as the Norwegian lemming (''Lemmus lemmus'') is a common species of lemming found in northern Fennoscandia, where it is the only vertebrate species endemic to the region. The Norway lemming dwells in tundra and fell ...

, ''L. lemmus'' ***

Beringian lemming The Beringian lemming or Beringian brown lemming (''Lemmus nigripes'') is a species of lemming found in Russia and North America. Taxonomy It was formerly considered conspecific with the Canadian lemming (''L. trimucronatus'') with both spec ...

, ''L. nigripes'' ***

East Siberian lemming The East Siberian lemming, Eastern Siberian brown lemming, or Ognev's lemming (''Lemmus paulus'') is a species of lemming endemic to Russia, where it has a disjunct distribution throughout parts of Siberia east of the Verkhoyansk Range. Taxono ...

, ''L. paulus'' ***

West Siberian lemming The West Siberian lemming or Western Siberian brown lemming (''Lemmus sibiricus'') is a true lemming species found in the Russian Federation. Like other lemmings, it belongs to the Cricetidae family of rodents. It is endemic to Russia, where i ...

, ''L. sibiricus'' *** Canadian lemming, ''L. trimucronatus'' ** Genus ''

Myopus The wood lemming (''Myopus schisticolor'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It belongs to the rodent subfamily Arvicolinae, so is a relative of the voles, lemmings, and muskrats. It is found in the taiga biome of China, Estonia, F ...

'' ***

Wood lemming The wood lemming (''Myopus schisticolor'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It belongs to the rodent subfamily Arvicolinae, so is a relative of the voles, lemmings, and muskrats. It is found in the taiga biome of China, Estonia, F ...

, ''M. schisticolor'' ** Genus '' Synaptomys'' - bog lemmings *** Northern bog lemming, ''S. borealis'' ***

Southern bog lemming The southern bog lemming (''Synaptomys cooperi'') is a small North American lemming A lemming is a small rodent, usually found in or near the Arctic in tundra biomes. Lemmings form the subfamily Arvicolinae (also known as Microtinae) together ...

, ''S. cooperi'' * Tribe

Myodini The Myodini are a tribe of forest voles in the subfamily Arvicolinae. Species in this tribe are: *Tribe Myodini **Genus '' Alticola'' - voles from Central Asia ***Subgenus ''Alticola'' **** White-tailed mountain vole, ''A. albicauda'' **** Silve ...

** Genus ''

Alticola ''Alticola'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae. Species *Subgenus ''Alticola'' ** White-tailed mountain vole (''Alticola albicauda'') ** Silver mountain vole (''Alticola argentatus'') ** Gobi Altai mountain vole (''Alticola ba ...

'' - voles from

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

*** Subgenus ''Alticola'' **** White-tailed mountain vole, ''A. albicauda'' **** Silver mountain vole, ''A. argentatus'' **** Gobi Altai mountain vole, ''A. barakshin'' **** Central Kashmir vole, ''A. montosa'' **** Royle's mountain vole, ''A. roylei'' **** Mongolian silver vole, ''A. semicanus'' **** Stolička's mountain vole, ''A. stoliczkanus'' ****

Tuva silver vole The Tuva silver vole (''Alticola tuvinicus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Mongolia and Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transconti ...

, ''A. tuvinicus'' *** Subgenus ''Aschizomys'' ****

Lemming vole The lemming vole (''Alticola lemminus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in the Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and N ...

, ''A. lemminus'' **** Large-eared vole, ''A. macrotis'' **** Lake Baikal mountain vole, ''A. olchonensis'' *** Subgenus ''Platycranius'' **** Flat-headed vole, A. strelzowi'' ** Genus ''

Caryomys ''Caryomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae. The genus contains the following species: * Ganzu vole (''Caryomys eva'') * Kolan vole The Kolan vole, Inez's red-backed vole or Inez's vole (''Caryomys inez'') is a species of rode ...

'' ***

Ganzu vole The Ganzu vole, Eva's red-backed vole, Eva's vole, Gansu vole, or Taozhou vole (''Caryomys eva'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in mountain forests in China. The IUCN has assessed it as being of "least concern". ...

, ''C. eva'' ***

Kolan vole The Kolan vole, Inez's red-backed vole or Inez's vole (''Caryomys inez'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in China. Two subspecies have been recognized, ''Caryomys inez inez'' from the northern part of its range ...

, ''C. inez'' ** Genus ''

Eothenomys ''Eothenomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It contains the following species: * Kachin red-backed vole (''Eothenomys cachinus'') * Pratt's vole (''Eothenomys chinensis'') * Southwest China vole (''Eothenomys custos'') * Père D ...

'' - voles from

East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea and ...

***

Kachin red-backed vole The Kachin red-backed vole (''Eothenomys cachinus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Kachin State in northern Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventio ...

, ''E. cachinus'' ***

Pratt's vole Pratt's vole (''Eothenomys chinensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is endemic to Mount Emei, Sichuan, China. It was named in 1891 for Antwerp Edgar Pratt. References

*Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfami ...

, ''E. chinensis'' ***

Southwest China vole The Southwest China vole (''Eothenomys custos'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Yunnan and Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; ...

, ''E. custos'' ***

Père David's vole Père David's vole (''Eothenomys melanogaster'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in China, Myanmar, Taiwan, and Thailand. This species is a member of the ''melanogaster'' group, one of the two main groups of ''Eotheno ...

, ''E. melanogaster'' ***

Yunnan red-backed vole The Yunnan red-backed vole (''Eothenomys miletus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Southwest China, specifically Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of Ch ...

, ''E. miletus'' ***

Chaotung vole The Chaotung vole (''Eothenomys olitor'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Rep ...

, ''E. olitor'' ***

Yulungshan vole The Yulungshan vole, Yulong Chinese vole, Yulongxuen Chinese vole, or Yulongxuen red-backed vole (''Eothenomys proditor'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae, endemic to Jade Dragon Snow Mountain in the Sichuan–Yunnan Yunnan ...

, ''E. proditor'' ***

Ward's red-backed vole The Ward's red-backed vole (''Eothenomys wardi'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in China, specifically the north-western area of Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's R ...

, ''E. wardi'' ** Genus ''

'' - voles from

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

*** True's vole, ''H. fertilis'' ***

Murree vole The Murree vole (''Hyperacrius wynnei'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is endemic to the Himalayas in Pakistan and India. It was named by William Thomas Blanford after its collector, geologist Arthur Beavor Wynne. Distribu ...

, ''H. wynnei'' ** Genus '' Myodes'' - red-backed voles *** Anderson's red-backed vole, ''M. andersoni'' ***

Western red-backed vole The western red-backed vole (''Myodes californicus'') is a species of vole in the family Cricetidae. It is found in California and Oregon in the United States and lives mainly in coniferous forest. The body color is chestnut brown, or brown mixed ...

, ''M. californicus'' *** Tien Shan red-backed vole, ''M. centralis'' ***

Southern red-backed vole The southern red-backed vole or Gapper's red-backed vole (''Myodes gapperi'') is a small slender vole found in Canada and the northern United States. It is closely related to the western red-backed vole (''Myodes californius''), which lives to th ...

, ''M. gapperi'' ***

Bank vole The bank vole (''Myodes glareolus'') is a small vole with red-brown fur and some grey patches, with a tail about half as long as its body. A rodent, it lives in woodland areas and is around in length. The bank vole is found in much of Europe an ...

, ''M. glareolus'' *** Imaizumi's red-backed vole, ''M. imaizumii'' *** Korean red-backed vole, ''M. regulus'' *** Hokkaido red-backed vole, ''M. rex'' ***

Grey red-backed vole The grey red-backed vole or the grey-sided vole (''Myodes rufocanus'') is a species of vole. An adult grey red-backed vole weighs 20-50 grams. This species ranges across northern Eurasia, including northern China, the northern Korean Peni ...

, ''M. rufocanus'' ***

Northern red-backed vole The northern red-backed vole (''Myodes rutilus'') is a small slender vole found in Alaska, northern Canada, Scandinavia and northern Russia.Banfield, A. W. F. 1974. The mammals of Canada. Toronto, University of Toronto Press. Description They h ...

, ''M. rutilus'' *** Shansei vole, ''M. shanseius'' ***

Smith's vole Smith's vole (''Myodes smithii'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is also known as Smith's red-backed vole and is found only in Japan. This vole is named after Richard Gordon Smith, (1858–1918) who, after falling out with h ...

, ''M. smithii'' * Tribe

Ondatrini Ondatrini is a tribe of semiaquatic rodents in the family Arvicolinae. They are known as muskrats. They are related to voles and lemmings. Classification It contains two extant species, each in their own genus, both of which are native to North ...

- muskrats ** Genus ''

Neofiber The round-tailed muskrat (''Neofiber alleni'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae, sometimes called the Florida water rat.Round-tailed muskrat, ''N. alleni'' **Genus ''

'' ***

Muskrat The muskrat (''Ondatra zibethicus'') is a medium-sized semiaquatic rodent native to North America and an introduced species in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands over a wide range of climates and habitat ...

, ''O. zibethicus'' * Tribe

Phenacomyini Phenacomyini is a tribe of voles in the subfamily Arvicolinae. It contains five species in two genera, all of which are found in North America. Species in this tribe are: * Genus '' Arborimus'' - tree voles ** White-footed vole, ''A. albipes'' ...

**Genus '' Arborimus'' - tree voles *** White-footed vole, ''A. albipes'' ***

Red tree vole The red tree vole (''Arborimus longicaudus'') is a rodent of the Pacific Northwest, found in the US states of Oregon and California. They were formerly known as ''Phenacomys longicaudus'' and have also been called the red tree mouse. Descriptio ...

, ''A. longicaudus'' ***

Sonoma tree vole The Sonoma tree vole or California red tree mouse (''Arborimus pomo'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. ''In'' Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Ref ...

or California red tree mouse, ''A. pomo'' ** Genus '' Phenacomys'' - heather voles ***

Western heather vole The western heather vole (''Phenacomys intermedius'') is a small vole found in western North America. Until recently, the eastern heather vole, (''Phenacomys ungava''), was considered to be a subspecies. They have short ears with stiff orange ha ...

, ''P. intermedius'' ***

Eastern heather vole The eastern heather vole, (''Phenacomys ungava''), is a small North American vole. Until recently, this species was considered to belong to the same species as the western heather vole, ''Phenacomys intermedius''. It is also called the Ungava vo ...

, ''P. ungava'' *Tribe

Pliomyini The Balkan snow vole (''Dinaromys bogdanovi''), also known as Martino's snow vole, is the only member of the genus ''Dinaromys''. Eight subspecies of this vole have been recognized from southern parts of Europe. The genus name means "Dinaric mou ...

** Genus ''

'' ***

Balkan snow vole The Balkan snow vole (''Dinaromys bogdanovi''), also known as Martino's snow vole, is the only member of the genus ''Dinaromys''. Eight subspecies of this vole have been recognized from southern parts of Europe. The genus name means "Dinaric mou ...

, ''D. bogdanovi'' * Tribe

Prometheomyini The long-clawed mole vole (''Prometheomys schaposchnikowi'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Prometheomys''. It is found in Georgia and Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially th ...

** Genus ''

'' *** Long-clawed mole vole, ''P. schaposchnikowi''

Fossil species

* Tribe

** Genus ''

Mimomys ''Mimomys'' is an extinct genus of voles that lived in Eurasia and North America during the Plio-Pleistocene. It is believed that one of the many species belonging to this genus gave rise to the modern water voles ''(Arvicola)''. Several other pr ...

'' † * Tribe

- collared lemmings ** Genus ''

Predicrostonyx ''Predicrostonyx hopkinsi'' is an extinct rodent in the family Cricetidae, and is considered one of the earliest examples of collared lemming ''Dicrostonyx'' is a genus of rodent in the family Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rode ...

'' † *** Hopkins's lemming, ''Predicrostonyx hopkinsi'' † * Tribe Clethrionomyini ** Genus '' Altaiomys'' † ** Genus '' Pitymimomys'' † ** Genus '' Borsodia'' † ** Genus '' Allophaiomys'' † ** Genus '' Prolagurus'' †

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q840750 Mammal subfamilies Taxa named by John Edward Gray

Description

Phylogeny

Classification

Fossil species

See also

References

External links