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Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov (russian: Влади́мир Миха́йлович Петро́в; 15 February 1907 – 14 June 1991) was a member of the Soviet Union's clandestine services who became famous in 1954 for his
defection In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state. More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, ca ...
to
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
.


Biography


Early life

He was born Afanasy Mikhaylovich Shorokhov (russian: Афанасий Миха́йлович Шорохов), into a peasant family in the village of Larikha, in central Siberia. Petrov joined the
Komsomol The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (russian: link=no, Всесоюзный ленинский коммунистический союз молодёжи (ВЛКСМ), ), usually known as Komsomol (; russian: Комсомол, links=n ...
in 1923 and the Soviet Navy., changing his full name to Vladimir Mikhaylovich Proletarsky (russian: Влади́мир Миха́йлович Пролетарский).


Intelligence career

According to his recently released secret British MI5 file, Petrov stated during his post-defection interviewing that his intelligence career was as follows: * 1929–1933
cypher Cypher is an alternative spelling for cipher. Cypher may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * Cypher (French Group), a Goa trance music group * Cypher (band), an Australian instrumental band * Cypher (film), ''Cypher'' (film), a 2002 film * C ...
clerk Soviet Navy. * 1933–1938 NKVD Moscow dealing with overseas cypher communications. * 1939 NKVD cypher clerk attached to Soviet Army Western China. * 1940–1942 NKVD cypher clerk Moscow dealing with Internal communications. * 1942–1947 NKVD cypher clerk Sweden with additional Internal Security duties. * 1947–1951 MGB Moscow dealing with seamen on
the Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
. * 1951–1954 MGB controller in Australia. Petrov also gave information about the defection of Burgess and Maclean of the Cambridge Five. Their escape had been handled by Kislitsyn, an MGB officer who was in Australia when Petrov defected in 1954. Petrov also disclosed that Burgess and Maclean were living in Kuibyshev in 1954. (National Archives Reference:kv/2/3440)


Joining OGPU

He decided to join the Soviet spy organization, the
OGPU The Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU; russian: Объединённое государственное политическое управление) was the intelligence and state security service and secret police of the Soviet Union f ...
, in May 1933. He was subsequently admitted to the ''Special Cipher Section'', which was attached to the ''Foreign Department'' of the OGPU. It was his status in this section which allowed him to learn many Soviet secrets by reading the top secret ciphers. Petrov lived through the purges of Stalin under
Yagoda Yagoda is a Russian surname meaning "berry". However, there is a change in stress and thus pronunciation—the surname is stressed Яго́да, and the word for "berry" is я́года. It also may be a Russian version of the name Judah (surname), ...
, Yezhov, and Beria. Even though a great number of his friends, colleagues, and superiors were arrested and executed, Petrov escaped unscathed.


Australia and defection

Having graduated from cipher clerk to full-fledged agent, Petrov was sent to
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in 1951. His job there was to recruit spies and to keep watch on Soviet citizens, making sure that none of the Soviets abroad defected. Ironically, it was in Australia where events would occur which led to his own defection from the USSR. This came about through his association with Polish-born doctor and musician Michael Bialoguski, who played along in seeming to allow Petrov to recruit him to gather information, while at the same time reporting to Australian Security Intelligence Organisation on Petrov's activities. Petrov applied for political asylum in 1954, on the grounds that he could provide information regarding a Soviet spy ring operating out of the Soviet Embassy in Australia. Petrov states in his memoirs (
ghost written A ghostwriter is hired to write literary or journalistic works, speeches, or other texts that are officially credited to another person as the author. Celebrities, executives, participants in timely news stories, and political leaders often h ...
by Michael Thwaites) that his reasoning for defecting lay not in an imminent fear of being executed, but in his disillusionment with the Soviet system and his own experiences and knowledge of the terror and human suffering inflicted on the Soviet people by their government. He witnessed the destruction of the Siberian village in which he was born, caused by forced collectivization and the
famine A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including war, natural disasters, crop failure, Demographic trap, population imbalance, widespread poverty, an Financial crisis, economic catastrophe or government policies. Th ...
which resulted.


Life after defection

Vladimir Petrov became an Australian citizen in 1956. The Petrovs bought a home in Bentleigh, Melbourne, in the same year. He and his wife Evdokia's names were changed to ''Sven'' and ''Anna Allyson'' to protect their identities. They lived a quiet suburban life in Melbourne. He died in 1991, and she died in 2002. They were protected under the D-notice system. Although the press agreed not to identify them under the D-notice, the press did not always observe this voluntary protection order. The whereabouts of the Petrovs were still the subject of a D-Notice in 1982.


Fictional representations

Petrov's defection has inspired a number of fictional works. * ''The Red Shoe'', a novel by Ursula Dubosarsky which won the New South Wales Premier's Literary Award and the Queensland Premier's Literary Award in 2006. * ''Mrs Petrov's Shoe'', a play by Noelle Janaczewska which won the Queensland Premier's Literary Award for drama in 2006. * ''The Safe House'', an animation by Lee Whitmore, narrated by Noni Hazelhurst, which won Best Animation at the Sydney Film Festival 2006. * ''Document Z'', a novel by Andrew Croome, which won the Australian/Vogel Literary Award in 2008. * ''The Petrov Affair'', a 1987 television mini-series.


See also

* Australian Labor Party split of 1955 * List of Eastern Bloc defectors


References


Further reading

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Petrov, Vladimir Mikhaylovich (Diplomat) 1907 births 1991 deaths Australia–Soviet Union relations Soviet emigrants to Australia KGB officers Soviet intelligence personnel who defected to the West Soviet diplomats Soviet spies People sentenced to death in absentia by the Soviet Union