Vitzthum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
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Franz Vitzthum, German countertenor
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Hildegard Temporini-Gräfin Vitzthum (1939 – 2004), a German historian
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Michael Vitzthum (born 1992), German footballer
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Simon Vitzthum (born 1995), Swiss cyclist
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Virginia Vitzthum, American anthropologist
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Karl M. Vitzthum (1880–1967), American architect
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