Vittorio Grünwald (

Verona Verona ( ; ; or ) is a city on the Adige, River Adige in Veneto, Italy, with 255,131 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region, and is the largest city Comune, municipality in the region and in Northeast Italy, nor ...

, Italy, 13 June 1855 – Florence, Italy, March 1943) was an Italian professor of mathematics and German language. His father Guglielmo (Willhelm) Grünwald (son of Aronne and Regina) was Hungarian, his mother Fortuna Marini (daughter of Mandolino Marini and Ricca Bassani) was Italian. In 1861 he moved to Hungary with his family, then came back in 1877 to Verona, later in November 1885 they moved to

Brescia Brescia (, ; ; or ; ) is a city and (municipality) in the region of Lombardy, in Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometers from the lakes Lake Garda, Garda and Lake Iseo, Iseo. With a population of 199,949, it is the se ...

, and then to Venice. He studied at the

Technische Universität Wien TU Wien () is a public research university in Vienna, Austria. The university's teaching and research are focused on engineering, computer science, and natural sciences. It currently has about 28,100 students (29% women), eight faculties, and ...

, where he graduated in mathematics. After coming back to Italy, he taught mathematics and German language in several schools (such as in

Livorno Livorno () is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of the Tuscany region of Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of 152,916 residents as of 2025. It is traditionally known in English as Leghorn ...

and

Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...

), and then he settled in

Florence Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025. Florence ...

. He married Dora Olschky, born in Berlin, and had three kids: Marta Grünwald, Beniamino (Benno) Grünwald, and Emanuele Grünwald. He was a librarian and a teacher at the

Rabbinical College of Florence Rabbinic Judaism (), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, Rabbanite Judaism, or Talmudic Judaism, is rooted in the many forms of Judaism that coexisted and together formed Second Temple Judaism in the land of Israel, giving birth to classical rabb ...

. He died at 88 in Florence, a few months before Nazi's persecutions hit Jewish families in Central Italy. He published several contributions in mathematics, including a seminal work on negative numerical bases. He also published an Italian-German vocabulary.

References

* Vittorio Grünwald. ''Saggio di aritmetica non decimale con applicazioni del calcolo duodecima/e e trigesimale a problemi sui numeri complessi'' (Verona, 1884) * Vittorio Grünwald. ''Intorno all'aritmetica dei sistemi numerici a base negativa con particolare riguardo al sistema numerico a base negativo-decimale per lo studio delle sue analogie coll'aritmetica ordinaria (decimale)'', Giornale di Matematiche di Battaglini (1885), 203-221, 367 * Vittorio Grünwald and Garibaldi Menotti Gatti, Vocabolario delle lingue Italiana e Tedesca. Ed. Belforte. * Gianfranco Di Segni, ''In ricordo del prof. Vittorio Grünwald'', Firenze Ebraica, Anno 25 n. 5, Settembre-Ottobre 2012. {{DEFAULTSORT:Grunwald, Vittorio 1855 births 1943 deaths Italian mathematicians Scientists from Verona