Vitrinidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of small, air-breathing land snails,

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the superfamily Limacoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Vitrinidae Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=875674 on 2022-02-01

Distribution

The distribution of the Vitrinidae includes the

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...

, western Palearctic, eastern Palearctic, and

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

n zones, as well as

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state ...

Anatomy

Snails in this family make and use

love darts A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These ...

made of chitin. In this family, the number of haploid

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...

s lies between 26 and 35 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Genera

Genera in the family Vitrinidae include: * † '' Planellavitrina'' Margry, 2018 * † '' Provitrina'' Wenz, 1919 ; Subfamily Plutoniinae T. Cockerell, 1893 * '' Arabivitrina'' Thiele, 1931 * '' Azorivitrina'' Giusti, Fiorentino, Benocci & Manganelli, 2011 * '' Calidivitrina'' Pilsbry, 1919 * '' Canarivitrina'' Valido & M. R. Alonso, 2000 * '' Guerrina'' Odhner, 1954 * '' Insulivitrina'' P. Hesse, 1923 * '' Madeirovitrina'' Groh & Hemmen, 1986 * '' Megavitrina'' Bank, Menkhorst & Neubert, 2016 * '' Phenacolimax'' Stabile, 1859 * '' Plutonia'' Morelet, 1864 * '' Sanettivitrina'' Pfarrer, Rowson, Tattersfield & Neubert, 2021 * '' Sardovitrina'' Manganelli & Giusti, 2005 ; Subfamily Vitrininae Fitzinger, 1833 * ''

Eucobresia ''Eucobresia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Vitrinidae, the glass snails. Species Species within the genus ''Eucobresia'' include: * ''Eucobre ...

'' H. B. Baker, 1929 * '' Hessemilimax'' Schileyko, 1986 * '' Oligolimax'' P. Fischer, 1878 * '' Semilimacella'' Soós, 1917 * ''

Semilimax ''Semilimax'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Vitrinidae. Species The genus ''Semilimax'' includes the following species: * '' Semilimax carinthiacus'' (Westerlund, 1886) * '' ...

'' Gray, 1847 * ''

Vitrina ''Vitrina'' is genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Vitrinidae, the glass snails. Species Species with the genus ''Vitrina'' include: * '' Vitrina angelicae'' Beck, 1837 * '' Vitri ...

'' Draparnaud, 1801 * '' Vitrinobrachium'' Künkel, 1929 ;Synonyms: * ''Balcanovitrina'' Ošanova & L. Pintér, 1968: synonym of ''Semilimacella'' Soós, 1917 * ''Chlamydea'' Westerlund, 1886: synonym of ''Semilimax'' Gray, 1847 * ''Cobresia'' Hübner, 1810: synonym of ''Vitrina'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Gallandia'' Bourguignat, 1880: synonym of ''Oligolimax'' P. Fischer, 1878 * ''Helicolimax'' J. Férussac, 1807: synonym of ''Vitrina'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Hyalina'' S. Studer, 1820: synonym of ''Vitrina'' Draparnaud, 1801 (non Schumacher, 1817) * ''Pagana'' Gistel, 1848: synonym of ''Vitrina'' Draparnaud, 1801 * ''Targionia'' P. Hesse, 1923: synonym of ''Semilimacella'' Soós, 1917 * ''Tozzettia'' P. Hesse, 1924: synonym of ''Semilimacella'' Soós, 1917 * ''Trochovitrina'' O. Boettger, 1880: synonym of ''Oligolimax'' P. Fischer, 1878 (junior synonym) * ''Vitrinopugio'' Ihering, 1892: synonym of ''Semilimax'' Gray, 1847 (unavailable; objective junior synonym) * ''Vitriplutonia'' Collinge, 1893: synonym of ''Plutonia'' Morelet, 1864

Cladogram

cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ...

showing the

phylogenic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

relationships of this family to other families within the

limacoid clade The Limacoidei is a taxonomic infraorder of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the suborder Helicina Distribution The original ancestral area of limacoid families is thought to b ...

:Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". '' Journal of Biogeography'' 27(2): 379-390.
JSTOR

References

* Schileyko, A. A. (1986). Sistema i filogeniya Vitrinidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata). In: Y. I. Starobogatov & Schileyko, A. A. (eds.), Morfologicheskie i ekologicheskie osnovy sistematiki molljuskov. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR. 148: 124-157. Leningrad

External links

Fitzinger, L.J. (1833). Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreichs's unter der Enns, 3: 88-122. Wien

Pfarrer, B., Rowson, B., Tattersfield, P. & Neubert, E. (2021). Phylogenetic position of African Vitrinidae: Old family groups unraveled. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 2021: 1–19.
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q904340