''Vitis coignetiae'', called crimson glory vine, is a plant belonging to the genus ''

Vitis ''Vitis'' (grapevine) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, b ...

'' that is native to the temperate climes of Asia, where it can be found in the

Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admini ...

, (

Sakhalin Sakhalin ( rus, Сахали́н, r=Sakhalín, p=səxɐˈlʲin; ja, 樺太 ''Karafuto''; zh, c=, p=Kùyèdǎo, s=库页岛, t=庫頁島; Manchu: ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ, ''Sahaliyan''; Orok: Бугата на̄, ''Bugata nā''; Nivkh: ...

);

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

; and

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

(

Hokkaido is Japan's second largest island and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; the two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel. The la ...

Honshu , historically called , is the largest and most populous island of Japan. It is located south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Straits. The island separ ...

Shikoku is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is long and between wide. It has a population of 3.8 million (, 3.1%). It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include ''Iyo-no-futana-shima'' (), '' ...

). It was described botanically in 1883. It is called ''meoru'' () in

Korean Korean may refer to: People and culture * Koreans, ethnic group originating in the Korean Peninsula * Korean cuisine * Korean culture * Korean language **Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Chosŏn'gŭl **Korean dialects and the Jeju language ** ...

and ''yama-budo'' () in

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

History

The species name is dedicated to Mr. and Mrs. Coignet who reportedly brought seeds back from their trip to Japan in 1875. This vine was also reported in 1884 snowy regions of Japan by Henri Degron sent to East Asia to seek wild vines resistant to

Phylloxera Grape phylloxera is an insect pest of commercial grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America. Grape phylloxera (''Daktulosphaira vitifoliae'' (Fitch 1855) belong to the family Phylloxeridae, within the order Hemiptera, bugs ...

. Degron sent specimens to a Professor Planchon of Montpellier who named them ''Vitis coignetiae'' but did not retain them due to their low resistance to phylloxera. Degron planted a vineyard in

Crespières Crespières () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Twin towns Along with Chavenay, Feucherolles and Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche Crespières is twinned with Rösrath, Germany. See also *Comm ...

, Île-de-France where one of the vines reached a length of 32.8 meters and a height of 2.8 meter. In the cooler Norman climate the vine produces a bitter wine, rich in color and extract.

Description

The vine is very vigorous, with purple shoots. The deciduous leaves are large (15 to 30 cm in diameter), simple, orbicular, toothed, with deep petiole. First green, they turn red-orange in autumn. Wild vines can be male, female or hermaphrodite. Clusters are large with small berries and large purple seeds. It is found in the mountainous regions of Japan and up to 1300 m altitude in Korea.

Uses

In East Asia it is grown as an ornamental plant for its crimson autumn foliage; and as an Oriental medicinal plant. It is a recipient of the

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nort ...

Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...

.RHS Plants. Available at: https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/19030/Vitis-coignetiae/Details ccessed 15/02/21/ref> It is used to produce wines in Korea and Japan. These are at first bitter, but softened with the addition of sugar.

Chemistry

The plant contains the stilbenoids ε-viniferin and

rhapontigenin Rhapontigenin is a stilbenoid. It can be isolated from ''Vitis coignetiae'' or from '' Gnetum cleistostachyum''. It shows an action on prostate cancer cells. It has been shown to inhibit the human cytochrome P450 1A1, an enzyme implicated in the ...

Gallery

File:Vitis coignetiae leaves.jpeg, Vitis coignetiae leaves. File:Vitis coignetiae vine.jpeg, Vitis coignetiae vine growing in

Cheshire Cheshire ( ) is a ceremonial and historic county in North West England, bordered by Wales to the west, Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, and Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south. Cheshire's county t ...

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

. File:Vitis coignetiae cluster.jpeg, Vitis coignetiae fruit cluster. File:Vitis coignetiae berries.jpeg, Vitis coignetiae berries. File:Ornamental grape.jpg, The ornamental grape autumn colors. Growing in

Victoria, Australia Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state with a land area of , the second most populated state (after New South Wales) with a population of over 6.5 million, and the most densely populated state in Au ...

. File:Château de Breteuil 2010 071.jpg, Vitis coignetiae in Northern France.