The Visvedevas () ( ' "all-gods") are the various
Vedic gods taken together as a whole. In the
Rigveda a number of hymns are addressed to them, including (according to
Griffith)
1.3,1.89,
3.54-56,
4.55,
5.41-51,
6.49-52,
7.34-37, 39, 40, 42, 43,
8.27-30, 58, 83
10.31, 35, 36, 56, 57, 61-66, 92, 93, 100, 101, 109, 114, 126, 128, 137, 141, 157, 165, 181.
RV 3.54.17 addresses them as headed by
Indra
Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war. volumes/ref> I ...
,
:''This is, ye Wise, your great and glorious title, that all ye Deities abide in Indra.'' (trans. Griffith)
The dichotomy between
Devas is not evident in these hymns, and Devas are invoked together such as
Mitra
''Mitra'' ( Proto-Indo-Iranian: ''*mitrás'') is the name of an Indo-Iranian divinity from which the names and some characteristics of Rigvedic Mitrá and Avestan Mithra derive.
The names (and occasionally also some characteristics) of these t ...
god and
Varuna god.
Though many devas are named in the Rig Veda only 33 devas are counted, eleven each of earth, space and heaven. In later
Hinduism, they form one of the nine ganadevatas (along with the
Adityas,
Vasus, Tushitas, Abhasvaras, Anilas, Maharajikas, Sadhyas, and
Rudras). According to the
Vishnu Purana and
Padma Purana, they were the sons of Vishvā, a daughter of
Daksha
In Hinduism, Daksha (Sanskrit: दक्ष, IAST: , lit. "able, dexterous, or honest one") is one of the '' Prajapati'', the agents of creation, as well as a divine king-rishi. His iconography depicts him as a man with a stocky body and a ha ...
, enumerated as follows: 1.
Vasu 2.
Satya
''Satya'' (Sanskrit: सत्य; IAST: ''satya)'' is a Sanskrit word loosely translated as truth, essence. A. A. Macdonell, ''Sanskrit English Dictionary'', Asian Educational Services, , pp. 330–331 It also refers to a virtue in Indian relig ...
3.
Kratu 4.
Daksha
In Hinduism, Daksha (Sanskrit: दक्ष, IAST: , lit. "able, dexterous, or honest one") is one of the '' Prajapati'', the agents of creation, as well as a divine king-rishi. His iconography depicts him as a man with a stocky body and a ha ...
, 5.
Kala
Kala or Kalah may refer to:
Religion Hinduism
*Kāla, a Sanskrit word meaning ''time''
*Kāla, a Hindu deity of time, destiny, death and destruction closely related to Yama and Shiva.
*Kalā, a Sanskrit word meaning ''performing arts''
* Kala Bo, ...
6.
Kama 7.
Dhrti 8.
Kuru
Kuru may refer to:
Anthropology and history
* Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people
* Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology
* Kuru Kingdom, ...
9.
Pururavas 10. Madravas, with two others added by some, 11. Rocaka or Locana, 12.
Dhvani Dhuri
Sometimes it is unclear whether a reference to ''vishve-devas'' refers to all Devas collectively, as in the Rigveda, or to the specific group as enumerated in the Puranas.
According to
Manu
Manu may refer to:
Geography
*Manú Province, a province of Peru, in the Madre de Dios Region
** Manú National Park, Peru
**Manú River, in southeastern Peru
* Manu River (Tripura), which originates in India and flows into Bangladesh
*Manu Temp ...
(iii, 90, 121), offerings should be made daily to the Visvedevas. These privileges were bestowed on them by
Brahma and the
Pitri as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himalaya.
The Viswadevas incarnated on Earth due to the curse of sage
Vishwamitra, as the 5 sons of
Draupadi
Draupadi ( sa, द्रौपदी, draupadī, Daughter of Drupada), also referred to as Krishnaa, Panchali, and Yagyaseni, is the main female protagonist of the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata,'' and the common consort of the five Pandava brothers ...
with the
Pandavas - the
Upapandavas. They returned to their original form after being killed by
Ashwatthama
In the Hinduism, Hindu epic the ''Mahabharata'', Ashwatthama ( sa, अश्वत्थामा, Aśvatthāmā) or Drauni was the son of guru Drona and Kripi (sister of Kripa, Kripacharya). He was the grandson of the sage Bharadwaja. Ashwa ...
at night.
The Visvedevas are the most comprehensive gathering of gods. They answer to the concern that no divinity should be omitted from praise.
[Renou, Louis. ''L'Inde Classique'', vol. 1, p. 328, Librairie d'Ameriqe et d'Orient. Paris 1947, reprinted 1985. .]
See also
*
Adityas
*
Rigvedic deities
References
Rigvedic deities
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