Law code of Vinodol or Vinodol
statute
A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs the legal entities of a city, state, or country by way of consent. Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or declare policy. Statutes are rules made by le ...
( hr, Vinodolski zakonik) is one of the oldest law texts written in the
Chakavian dialect
Chakavian or Čakavian (, , , sh-Latn, čakavski proper name: or own name: ''čokovski, čakavski, čekavski'') is a South Slavic regiolect or language spoken primarily by Croats along the Adriatic coast, in the historical regions of Dalmat ...
of
Croatian and is among the oldest Slavic
code
In communications and information processing, code is a system of rules to convert information—such as a letter, word, sound, image, or gesture—into another form, sometimes shortened or secret, for communication through a communication ...
s.
Russkaya Pravda
The ''Russkaya Pravda'' (Rus' Justice, Rus' Truth, or Russian Justice; orv, Правда роусьскаꙗ, ''Pravda Rusĭskaya'' (13th century, 1280), Правда Руськая, ''Pravda Rus'kaya'' (second half of the 15th century); russian: ...
is the only older code in Slavdom. It was written in the
Glagolitic alphabet
The Glagolitic script (, , ''glagolitsa'') is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. It is generally agreed to have been created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessalonica. He and his brother Saint Methodius were sent by the Byzan ...
. It was originally compiled in 1288 by a commission of 42 members in
Novi Vinodolski
Novi Vinodolski (, often also called Novi or ''Novi del Vinodol'' o ''Novi in Valdivino'' in Italian) is a town on the Adriatic Sea coast in Croatia, located south of Crikvenica, Selce and Bribir and north of Senj. The population of Novi is 3,988 ...
, a town on the Adriatic Sea coast in
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
, located south of Crikvenica, Selce and Bribir and north of Senj. However, the code itself is preserved in a 16th-century copy.
The statute
A paragraph was set to define the relation between the
duke
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ran ...
s and the
peasantry
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants ...
of the region.
It is the oldest among all Croatian city statutes, which represented an agreement between the people of Vinodol and their new liege lords Frangipani, the
counts of Krk. It contains important information about the feudal law in this area which had replaced the tribal customs of an earlier period. The Vinodol Statute provides a rare contemporary picture of the life and political conditions in
medieval Europe
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...
. The oldest regulations concerning public health in western Croatia are preserved within the Vinodol Statute. Today, it is stored in the
National and University Library Zagreb
National and University Library in Zagreb (NSK) (, NSK; formerly , NSB) is the national library of Croatia and central library of the University of Zagreb.
The Library was established in 1607. Its primary mission is the development and preservat ...
.
The Vinodol Statute confirms status of the Vinodol as an administrative and political center from the 13th century. The text of the statute is preserved as a copy from the 16th century.
Editions
The first printed edition was prepared in 1843 by
Antun Mažuranić Antun Mažuranić (Novi Vinodolski, 13 June 1805 – 18 December 1888, Zagreb) was Croatian writer and linguist, brother of Croatian Ban Ivan Mažuranić and writer Matija Mažuranić.
He was an active participant of the Illyrian movement and one ...
in the third yearly volume of the journal ''
Kolo
Kolo may refer to:
Places Poland
*Koło
*Koło, Łódź Voivodeship
* Koło, Lublin Voivodeship
* Koło, Lubusz Voivodeship
Other places
* Kolo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Kolo, Central African Republic
* Kolo (Tanzanian ward), Kondoa district, Dod ...
''.
Osip Bodyansky
Osip Maksimovich Bodyansky (russian: Осип Максимович Бодянский, uk, Осип Максимович Бодянський; 1808–1877) was a notable Russian Imperial Slavist of Ukrainian Cossack descent who studied and taught ...
translated it in 1846 to
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
and
Anna Mikhailovna Evreinova edited the 1878 edition in
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
, with facsimile of the original as well as Latin and Cyrillic transliteration.
Vatroslav Jagić
Vatroslav Jagić (; July 6, 1838 – August 5, 1923) was a Croatian scholar of Slavic studies in the second half of the 19th century.
Life
Jagić was born in Varaždin (then known by its German name of ''Warasdin''), where he attended the el ...
published it in 1880, both the original and a Russian translation with philological and legal commentary.
Wacław Maciejowski
Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski (10 September 1792 – 10 February 1883) was a Polish historian.
Maciejowski was born in Cierlicko near Cieszyn. He studied in Warsaw, Berlin, and Göttingen, and became professor of law at the University of Warsa ...
translated it in 1856 to
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
,
Jules Preux
Jules is the French form of the Latin "Julius" (e.g. Jules César, the French name for Julius Caesar). It is the given name of:
People with the name
*Jules Aarons (1921–2008), American space physicist and photographer
*Jules Abadie (1876–195 ...
translated it in 1896 to
French,
Mark Kostrenčić
Mark may refer to:
Currency
* Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark, the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* East German mark, the currency of the German Democratic Republic
* Estonian mark, the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927
* Finn ...
translated it in 1931 to
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
and
Lujo Margetić
Lujo Margetić (18 October 1920 – 17 May 2010) was a Croatian legal historian, member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts and a professor emeritus of the University of Rijeka.
Life and education
Margetić was born in 1920 in Donja ...
translated it in 1981/1982 to
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
, and in 1983 to
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
.
Josip Bratulić
Josip Bratulić (born 2 February 1939) is a Croatian philologist and a historian of literature and culture.
He was born in Sveti Petar u Šumi. He attended a gymnasium in Pazin, graduating in Croatian studies and comparative literature at the Fac ...
edited the 1988 facsimile edition with commentary and a dictionary.
See also
*
List of Glagolitic manuscripts
This is an incomplete list of manuscripts written in the Glagolitic script. For printed works see List of Glagolitic books. For inscriptions see List of Glagolitic inscriptions.
Manuscripts
See also
* List of Glagolitic books
References
L ...
*
Kastav Statute The Kastav Statute ( hr, Statut Grada Kastva) is a 14th-century Glagolitic alphabet, Glagolitic city statute of Croatian city Kastav.
The Kastav Statute "Zakon Grada Kastva od letta 1400", was written in 1400,http://www.zavod.pgz.hr/novo/docs/zzpu ...
Notes
References
External links
1843 edition by Antun MažuranićFacsimile reproduction of the Codex at the Croatian National Library (Flash)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Law code Of Vinodol
Medieval legal codes
Legal history of Croatia
Croatian language
History of Dalmatia
13th-century books
13th century in Croatia
Croatian culture
Medieval documents of Croatia
Croatian glagolithic texts
1280s in law
1288 in Europe