Village Green (song)

"Village Green" is a song by the English rock band the Kinks from their 1968 album '' The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society''. Written and sung by the band's principal songwriter, Ray Davies, the song was first recorded in November1966 during the sessions for '' Something Else by the Kinks'' (1967) but was re-recorded in . Both the composition and instrumentation of "Village Green" evoke Baroque music, especially its prominently featured harpsichord played by session keyboardist Nicky Hopkins. Unlike most of the band's recordings, it employs real orchestral instruments, including oboe, cello, viola and piccolo, as arranged by English composer David Whitaker.

Davies composed "Village Green" in after an experience at a pub in Devon, a rural part of England. The song laments the decline of a fictional English community's traditional village green. Retrospective commentators have placed the song in the tradition of English pastoral poetry, particularly in its themes of rural living and a declining English culture. After the song's recording, Davies withheld it from release while deciding whether to include it on a solo album or as part of a Kinks project. It served as one of the central inspirations for ''The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society'' and was the album's title track until only a few months before its release. The song was first issued in the United Kingdom on that album in November 1968, though it saw earlier release on a French EP in as well as on a similar Spanish EP. The song was not played live until a Ray Davies solo show in 1995, though the Kinks had performed an instrumental version in 1973.

Background and inspiration

In July1965, the Kinks were informally blacklisted from performing in the United States by the American Federation of Musicians.; . The circumstances that led to the ban are unclear but likely stemmed from several incidents during the band's 1965 US tour; bandleader Ray Davies later attributed it to a combination of "bad luck, bad management, ndbad behaviour". Music critic Ian MacDonald suggests the ban left the group comparatively isolated from American influence, guiding them away from their earlier blues-based riffing towards a distinctly English songwriting style. In early1966, Davies grew obsessed with aspects of English aristocracy and the country's dying traditions. He expressed his pride of Britain in an April1966 interview with ''Melody Maker'' magazine, wishing its culture could remain distinct from that of America and Europe, as well as a desire to keep writing "very English songs".

Davies likely composed "Village Green" around 16 August 1966, the same day the Kinks played at Torquay Town Hall in Devon, a rural part of England. He later recalled the song spawning from his disappointment after finding out the beer at a Devon pub was stored in a pressurised metal keg rather than in a traditional wooden barrel. Davies explained in a 1974 interview: "I notice the difference. Some wouldn't. But it doesn't get you in the legs anymore..." He also observed an encroachment of Devon's country landscape by more modern buildings. Davies may have been further inspired by the small town of Oakham, where the Kinks played a benefit four days later. He was also inspired by ''Under Milk Wood'', a radio drama about a small Welsh town completed by the poet Dylan Thomas just before his death in 1953.

Recording

The Kinks first recorded "Village Green" on 24–25 November 1966, at the beginning of the sessions for their next album, '' Something Else by the Kinks'' (1967). Recording took place in Pye Studio 2, one of two basement studios at Pye Records's London offices. The tracks for ''Something Else'' done in late 1966 went unused, and the band reconvened at Pye in early 1967 to re-record several songs. It is unclear if any parts of the released version of "Village Green" use the November 1966 recordings; author Rob Jovanovic writes that all the November1966 recordings, including "Village Green", were "early versions" and demos. In his 1994 autobiography, Davies writes that the song was re-recorded entirely in February 1967. After acknowledging Davies's account, band biographer Andy Miller raises the possibility that the November 1966 recording served as the basic track onto which the band overdubbed additions in February 1967.

The Kinks' long-time producer, Shel Talmy, produced the sessions for "Village Green", which occurred before the breakdown of his relationship with Davies in April 1967. Session keyboardist Nicky Hopkins, who had contributed to each of the Kinks' studio albums since ''The Kink Kontroversy'' in 1965, played the song's prominently featured harpsichord. "Village Green" is one of two tracks on '' The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society'' to feature real strings, a rarity on the Kinks' late1960s recordings since Pye executives generally saw the hiring of an arranger and session players as too expensive to warrant. Davies dictated his ideas for the strings to English composer David Whitaker, who arranged the orchestral accompaniment. It features oboe, cello, viola and piccolo, all played by session musicians.

As was typical for Davies at that time, he remained secretive with his bandmates about the song during the rehearsal and recording process. While recording the basic track, he advised drummer Mick Avory that it was a soul song and that he should play like Al Jackson Jr., drummer of R&B singer Otis Redding. He later recalled that it was only after they overdubbed the orchestral arrangement and vocals that Avory realised "he'd been totally conned". Davies reflected that the event marked "how dysfunctional we'd become". Avory later suggested that Davies's reluctance to share lyrics and melodies with his bandmates stemmed from a paranoia that his songs would be stolen. Both Avory and bassist Pete Quaife recalled being annoyed by the method, since it prevented them from easily adding fills and embellishments that fitted the song.

Composition

Music

"Village Green" is in the key of C minor. The song employs a fifth-cyclic sequence and a descending chromatic chorus, elements which musicologist Allan F. Moore writes evoke the music of Baroque composer George Frideric Handel. Moore thinks the relationship to Handel is further emphasised by the presence of a harpsichord, an instrument which band biographer Johnny Rogan writes helps develop the song's drama. Musicologist Matthew Prichard writes that the song's composition and instrumentation combine to make it "perhaps the nearest a pop song ever got to becoming a Baroque obbligato aria".

Like many of the Kinks' songs, its chorus features wordless backing vocals, an element which cultural researcher Raphael Costambeys-Kempczynski writes evokes "carefree childhood". Academic Ken Rayes thinks the orchestral instruments are suggestive of a distant time and place, while band biographer Thomas M. Kitts writes the song's abrupt ending suggests a loss of the past.

Lyrics

The song's lyrics lament the decline of a fictional English community's traditional village green. The singer remembers the green in his memory as somewhere he misses but expects to have changed since he left it, mourning the town's invasion by American tourists and the community's cheapening atmosphere. He recalls leaving the village green to seek out fame and life in the city. He further remembers it as the place he left his romantic love, Daisy, who has since married Tom, a former grocer's boy who now runs a larger grocery. He declares that he will return to Daisy so they can reminisce over tea about the village green as it was.

Rogan sees "Village Green" and the album's title track, "The Village Green Preservation Society", as the most prominent example of a device Davies uses on the album, where pairs of songs explore similar themes but use different moods and contrasting musical arrangements to do so. He writes that while "Village Green" covers similar thematic elements in its "simplistic glorification of daisies, clocks and steeples", it instead satirises the more optimistic sentiments expressed in the title track. He characterises "Village Green" as comparatively solemn, Davies singing in a defeated tone to generate a sense of pathos.

Like other songs on the album, "Village Green" relates to both escapism and the supremacy of rural living. Historian Andrew Kellett describes it as one of several rock songs of the period fitting in a tradition of "British rock pastoralism", expressing a desire to escape urban and suburban life. The song suggests that this traditional way of English life has slowly died off, anticipating what Kitts terms the "bleak years of the 1970s". The community's value no longer consists in its original purpose but is instead photographed by American tourists as a symbol of a past England. Costambeys-Kempczynski sees the song as expressing the "nature of Englishness", the culture of which "archesbackwards into the future" by always seeing change as for the worse.

Miller connects the song to the tradition of English pastoral poetry, particularly in its story of a disappearing rural idyll. He describes it as typical of the genre, especially in its evocation of literal imagery like oak trees and church steeples to suggest a loss of innocence. He compares it to other examples of the genre, like William Blake's poem " The Echoing Green" from his ''Songs of Innocence'' (1789), William Wordsworth's "Michael" (1800) and Oliver Goldsmith's "The Deserted Village" (1770). He suggests the closing lyric about Daisy represents a self-delusion that the singer can return to things as they were, while author Joseph G. Marotta instead writes the idea of returning to see Daisy only remains the singer's hope or fantasy. Rayes thinks the song and its album are comparable to F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel ''The Great Gatsby'', a relationship he suggests is hinted at in "Village Green" by the presence of the characters Tom and Daisy, who have the same names as the novel's characters Tom and Daisy Buchanan. Rayes writes that Davies's notion of "an encroaching modern English culture" parallels the novel's motifs of "mythic America and the changing American dream".

Release

After recording "Village Green", Davies withheld it from immediate release. He remained uncertain whether to include it on a solo album or Kinks project, a reluctance which may have stemmed from the song's personal content. On 6 March 1967, a press release announcing a Kinks EP for the following month included "Village Green" among its tracks, but the EP was ultimately not issued. An acetate disc from around April 1967 paired the song with "Waterloo Sunset" for a potential single, but Davies replaced "Village Green" with a different B-side before "Waterloo Sunset" was released as a single the following month. Pye first issued "Village Green" on the French EP ''Mister Pleasant'' in May 1967 and also featured it on a similar Spanish EP released before ''Village Green''.

Though "Village Green" was recorded during the sessions for ''Something Else by the Kinks'', Davies did not release it on that album in September 1967. Additionally, when the Kinks' American recording contract required them to submit songs in June 1968 for a new album (the later-aborted '' Four More Respected Gentlemen''), Davies did not include it among the fifteen tracks he sent to Reprise Records. Band researcher Doug Hinman writes that around the same time, in , Davies's plans for a solo LP and the Kinks' next album had "lowly