Villa rustica () was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of

Roman villas A Roman villa was typically a farmhouse or country house built in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, sometimes reaching extravagant proportions. Typology and distribution Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD) distinguished two kinds of villas ...

. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a '' latifundium''. The adjective ''rustica'' was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort

villa A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became s ...

, or '' otium villa'' built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the

Bay of Naples A bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, or another bay. A large bay is usually called a gulf, sea, sound, or bight. A cove is a small, circular bay with a narr ...

. The ''villa rustica'' would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops. The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the ''pars urbana'' (main house), and the ''pars rustica'' (farm area).

List of villae rusticae

Austria

* ,

Altheim, Austria Altheim is a town in western Austria. It is situated within the District of Braunau am Inn in the traditional region of Innviertel in the state of Upper Austria. It lies on the small river known as the Mühlheimer Ache, a tributary of the River ...

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Mogorjelo Mogorjelo ( sr-cyrl, Могорјело) is a Roman ''villa rustica'' which date back to the early 4th century AD. It is situated on a hill between the rivers Trebižat and Neretva, 5 km south of Čapljina, alongside the road to Gabela in Bosnia ...

Bulgaria

Villa Armira Villa Armira ( bg, Вила “Армира”) is a 1st-century suburban Roman villa in southeastern Bulgaria, located in the proximity of Ivaylovgrad, Haskovo Province. Discovered in 1964 during reservoir construction, it is a primary historica ...

, Ivaylovgrad

Italy

* Villa Boscoreale Villa Volusii Saturnini 3

Villa dei Volusii The ancient Roman Villa dei Volusii or Villa dei Volusii-Saturnini is an archaeological site located in the municipality of Fiano Romano, next to the ancient Roman town and sanctuary of Lucus Feroniae, along the route of ancient Via Tiberina. ...

, Fiano Romano

Portugal

* *

Castelo da Lousa Castelo da Lousa is a castle in Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory ...

* *

Roman Villa of Rabaçal Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

Roman ruins of Quinta da Abicada Abicada (Villa Romana de Abicada or Estação romana da Quinta da Abicada) is the name of Roman ruins in Mexilhoeira Grande, to the north of the civil parish of Alvor, municipality of Portimão, in Algarve region, Portugal. In Roman times it ...

Centum Cellas Centum Cellas, also referred to as ''Centum Cellæ, Centum Celli'', or ''Centum Cœli'' (and in pt, Centocelas), is a Roman villa rustica that dates back to the 1st century AD, located in the Mount of Santo Antão in Belmonte, Castelo Branco D ...

* Villa of Torre de Palma * Villa of Cerro da Vila *

Roman ruins of Pisões The Roman Ruins of Pisões ( pt, Ruinas Romanas de Pisões), is an important Roman villa rustica located in the civil parish of Beja (Santiago Maior e São João Baptista) in the municipality of Beja, in the Portuguese Alentejo, classified as a '' ...

Roman ruins of São Cucufate The Roman ruins of São Cucufate (or alternately, the ''Roman ruins of the Villa of São Cucufate'', ''Ruins of Santiago'', ''Archaeological ruins of São Cucufate'' or ''Roman villa of São Áulica'') is a Romanesque archaeological site, located o ...

* Roman Ruins of Milreu (Estoi) * Roman Villa of Sendim

Turkey

Gökkale Gökkale is an ancient villa rustica in Silifke district of Mersin Province, Turkey Geography Gökkale at is situated to the northwest of the İmamlı village. Imamlı can be reached via a 15 km (9.3 mi) road from Atakent which is on Turk ...

Üçayaklı ruins The Üçayaklı ruins are a Byzantine-era archaeological site in Mersin Province, Turkey. Geography Üçayaklı ruins are on the plateau at the south of Toros Mountains with an altitude of between two Turkmen villages named Küstülü an ...

United Kingdom

Bignor Roman Villa Bignor Roman Villa is a large Roman courtyard villa which has been excavated and put on public display on the Bignor estate in the English county of West Sussex. It is well known for its high quality mosaic floors, which are some of the most ...

Borough Hill Roman villa Borough Hill Roman villa is located on the north tip of Borough Hill, a prominent hill near the town of Daventry in Northamptonshire.Ordnance Survey Explorer Map, Rugby & Daventry, 222, The villa’s remains lie within the ramparts of an Iron Ag ...

Brading Roman Villa Brading Roman Villa was a Roman courtyard villa which has been excavated and put on public display in Brading on the Isle of Wight. Discovery and excavation In 1879, a farmer called Mr Munns struck a buried mosaic floor while making holes on h ...

* Chedworth Roman Villa *

Crofton Roman Villa Crofton Roman Villa in Crofton, Orpington, in the London Borough of Bromley, is a Roman villa which was inhabited between approximately 140 and 400 AD. It was the centre of a farming estate of about , with farm buildings nearby, surrounded by f ...

* Fishbourne Roman Palace *

Gadebridge Park Roman Villa Gadebridge Roman Villa, alternatively known as Gadebridge Park Roman Villa, is a ruined Roman villa in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. Excavation A chance discovery in 1962, it was excavated in 1963-68 under the direction of David S. Nea ...

* Littlecote Roman Villa *

Llantwit Major Roman Villa The Llantwit Major Roman Villa was a Roman L-shaped courtyard villa located at what is now Caermead, immediately north of the town of Llantwit Major in the Welsh county of South Glamorgan. The villa was first discovered in 1887 and was fully ex ...

Low Ham Roman Villa The Low Ham Roman Villa was a Roman courtyard villa located near Low Ham in the civil parish of High Ham in the English county of Somerset. It is best known for the extraordinary figured mosaic depicting the story of Aeneas and Dido. The site ...

* Lullingstone Roman Villa *

Newport Roman Villa Newport Roman Villa was a Romano-British farmhouse constructed in 280 AD. It is located near to Newport, Isle of Wight. Discovery and excavation Newport Roman Villa was unearthed in 1926 when garage foundations were laid by a nearby homeowner. ...

North Leigh Roman Villa North Leigh Roman Villa was a Roman courtyard villa in the Evenlode Valley about north of the hamlet of East End in North Leigh civil parish in Oxfordshire. It is a scheduled monument in the care of English Heritage and is open to the public. ...

Piddington Roman Villa Piddington Roman Villa is the remains of a large Roman villa at Piddington, Northamptonshire, about south-east of Northampton, a county in the East Midlands of England. Location The villa is on the site of an earlier late Iron Age settlement ...

Woodchester Roman Villa Woodchester Roman Villa was situated at Woodchester near Stroud in the English county of Gloucestershire. It is one of many Roman villas discovered in Gloucestershire and was occupied between the early 2nd and late 4th centuries AD. There is now ...

France

Villa Rustica, Coustaty A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became sm ...

* * *

Montmaurin Montmaurin () is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department of southwestern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territori ...

* *

Germany

Baden-Württemberg * Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg * Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen * , Konstanz * , Lörrach * Villa Rustica at

Eigeltingen Eigeltingen is a town in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia ...

* Villa Rustica at

Gaggenau Gaggenau is a town in the district of Rastatt, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located some 8 km northeast of Baden-Baden. History Gaggenau was first mentioned in local records in 1243 under the name "Gaggenaw". The present district ...

-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier * Villa urbana at

Grenzach-Wyhlen Grenzach-Wyhlen is a municipality in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, 7 km east of Basel, and 8 km south of Lörrach. It has borders to Inzlingen and Rheinfelden ( ...

(

Museum Römervilla A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these ...

) * , Zollernalbkreis * Villa urbana at

Heitersheim Heitersheim is a town in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The name of the school located in Heitersheim is Johanniterschule. It was the seat of the Grand Prior of Germany of the Knights Hospitaller ...

* , Sigmaringen * Villa Rustica at Hirschberg * , Sigmaringen * Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach * Villa Rustica at Langenau * , Sigmaringen * , Heilbronn * Villa Rustica at Mühlacker * Villa Rustica at Nagold * * Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen * , Rems-Murr-Kreis * , Heilbronn * , Rhein-Neckar-Kreis * , Tuttlingen * , Heilbronn * Villa Rustica

Bietigheim Bietigheim is a village in the district of Rastatt in Baden-Württemberg in Southwestern Germany. It is located east of the Rhine river and thus the border to France, west of the Black Forest (more precisely the Northern Black Forest), south of ...

- Weilerlen at

Bietigheim-Bissingen Bietigheim-Bissingen (locally: ''Biedge-Bissenge'') is the second-largest town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany with 42,515 inhabitants in 2007. It is situated on the river Enz and the river Metter, close to its conflu ...

, Ludwigsburg Bavaria * * , Stadt München * * Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau * , Donau-Ries * Villa Rustica at Hüssingen * Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu * , Stadt Starnberg * ( Naturpark Altmühltal) * Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt * , Freising * * , Ingolstadt * Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau * * , Oberallgäu Hesse * Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, * , Odenwald * Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide" Northrhine-Westphalia * * Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen * , Eschweiler, Aachen * Villae Rusticae near

Hambach surface mine The Tagebau Hambach is a large open-pit coal mine (german: Tagebau) in Niederzier and Elsdorf, North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany. It is operated by RWE and used for mining lignite. The mine is on the site of the ancient Hambach Forest, whic ...

, Düren * at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen Rheinland-Palatine Villa Rustica Ahrweiler Kleiner Raum östlich des Korridors

* , Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein * ,

Bad Kreuznach Bad Kreuznach () is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a spa town, most well known for its medieval bridge dating from around 1300, the Alte Nahebrücke, which is one of the few remaining bridges in th ...

* * , Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm * , Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm * Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein) *, Mainz-Bingen * Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel * * * (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg * * , Mainz-Bingen * , Trier-Saarburg Saarland *

Roman Villa Borg The Roman Villa Borg is a reconstructed Roman ''villa rustica'' located near the villages of Borg and Oberleuken in the municipality of Perl in Saarland, Germany. Discovered at the end of the 19th century, the site was excavated in the late 1980s ...

Reinheim Reinheim is a town in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district, in Hesse, Germany. It is situated southeast of Darmstadt. International relations Twin towns - Sister cities Reinheim is twinned with: * Licata, Italy (since 29.6.2001) * Cestas, France ...

* Roman villa at

Nennig Nennig is a village in the Saarland, Germany, part of the municipality of Perl. It is situated on the river Moselle, opposite Remich, Luxembourg. Overview Nennig is known for a Roman villa containing well-preserved mosaics that were excavated in ...

Serbia

* Village Gornja Bukovica.Valjevo, villa rustica IV century A.D.

Switzerland

Aargau * * * * Basel-Landschaft * * Genf * Jura * Solothurn * * Waadt * Zürich *

Irgenhausen Castrum Irgenhausen Castrum is a Roman fort at Irgenhausen, situated on Pfäffikersee lake shore in Switzerland. It was a square fort, measuring in square, with four corner towers and three additional towers. The remains of a stone wall in the interior ...

(built on the remains of a former villa rustica) * Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten * * * *

References

External links

Villa Rustica
- open-air museum at

Hechingen Hechingen ( Swabian: ''Hächenga'') is a town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated about south of the state capital of Stuttgart and north of Lake Constance and the Swiss border. Geography The town lies at the foot of the ...

(Germany) {{Authority control Architectural history