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The Villa Pauly was built in 1923 at No. 57, Boulevard de la Pétrusse, in the center of
During the ''CDRR'', 6 December 2016, at secondeguerremondiale.public.lu
Accessed 21 March 2017
The Villa Pauly was built in 1923 at No. 57, Boulevard de la Pétrusse, in the center of Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
, for the surgeon Dr. Norbert Pauly; the architect was Mathias Martin. With its corner towers, the house mimics the castle architecture of the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Initially Dr Pauly housed his practice in the basement of the building.
History
During the Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
(August 1940 – September 1944), it was used as the headquarters of the Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
in Luxembourg under the leadership of Wilhelm Nölle (until 8 March 1941), then Fritz Hartmann (until 9 April 1943) and latterly Dr. Walter Vollmer. During this time, according to the records at Yad Vashem
Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...
, the Gestapo deported some 885 Jews from Luxembourg to various Nazi Concentration Camps
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps, (officially) or (more commonly). The Nazi concentration camps are distinguished from other types of Nazi camps such as forced-labor camps, as well as concen ...
.
The cellar vaults of the house were used for torture and interrogation. During the war, between 2000 and 3000 were held in the Villa Pauly, many of them tortured there.Luxemburger Wort, 23.10.2012, p. 27. The house became a symbol of Nazi resistance and oppression in Luxembourg.
After the war, because of the state of the building, Dr. Norbert Pauly did not return to it. It was used until 1999 by part of the Luxembourg ministry of health.
On 11 August 1989, the Villa Pauly was declared a Historic Monument. Today, it is the headquarters of the "Comité directeur pour le souvenir de la résistance" and the address of the "AMICALE L.P.L." (society for the memory of the Luxembourgish Patriot League
The Luxembourgian Patriot League (LPL, lb, Lëtzebuerger Patriote Liga) was a Luxembourgian Resistance movement during World War II. When Luxembourg was invaded and annexed by Nazi Germany in 1940, a national consciousness started to come about. ...
). It also houses a documentation center on the Resistance movement in Luxembourg, 'Le Centre de Documentation et de Recherche sur la Résistance' (CDRR).Accessed 21 March 2017
Further reading
*Andreas Pflock: ''Auf vergessenen Spuren. Ein Wegweiser zu Gedenkstätten in den Niederlanden, Belgien und Luxemburg ("On forgotten tracks. A guide to memorial sites in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg“)''. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn 2006, . *raz, 2012. ''Chronik: Vor elf Jahren. Villa Pauly wird zum Haus der Resistenz. (“Chronicle: Eleven years ago. Villa Pauly becomes a house of resistance”)'' ''Luxemburger Wort'', 23 October 2012, p. 27. *Lobo, Paulo, 2011. ''12 Bemerkenswerte Gebäude in Luxemburg: 6. Die Villa Pauly. (“Notable buildings in Luxembourg: 6, Villa Pauly”)'' Pp. 60-67, Luxédit, *Simone Weny, 2008. ''D'Villa Pauly. In: Lieux de mémoire au Luxembourg. Erinnerungsorte in Luxemburg (“Places of Remembrance in Luxembourg”)''. 2. Edition, Pp. 197-201. S. Kmec, B. Majerus, M. Margue, P. Peporte, éditeurs. éditions saint-paul, Luxembourg.References
{{Reflist History of Luxembourg City