Central Committee of Vietnam Fatherland Front

The Vietnamese Fatherland Front ( vi, Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam) is an umbrella group of mass movements in

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

aligned with the Communist Party of Vietnam forming the Vietnamese government. It was founded in February 1977 by the merger of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front of

North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...

and two Viet Cong groups, the

National Liberation Front of South Vietnam , , war = the Vietnam War , image = FNL Flag.svg , caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green. , active ...

and the Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peace Forces. It is an amalgamation of many smaller groups, including the Communist Party itself. Other groups that participated in the establishment of the Front were the

Vietnam General Confederation of Labour The Vietnam General Confederation of Labour (VGCL) is the sole national trade union center in Vietnam. It was founded 29 July 1929 as the Red Workers' General Union in Northern Vietnam, and extended into the entire country after the collapse of ...

, the

Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union The Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union ( (Đoàn TNCS)), simply recognized as the Union (), is the largest social-political organisation of Vietnamese youth. The union is under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The organization wa ...

( the Ho Chi Minh Youth) and the

Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization The Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization is a communist youth organization operating in Vietnam named after former Vietnamese president Ho Chi Minh. It operates as a constituent part of the Communist Party of Vietnam and had approximately 12 mil ...

. It also included the

Democratic Party of Vietnam The Democratic Party of Vietnam ( vi, Đảng Dân chủ Việt Nam) was a political party in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (later only North Vietnam). It was founded on 30 July 1944 to unite petite bourgeoisie and intelligentsia in support o ...

and

Socialist Party of Vietnam The Socialist Party of Vietnam ( vi, Đảng Xã hội Việt Nam) was a political party in Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at th ...

, until they disbanded in 1988. It also incorporates some officially sanctioned religious groups. The Front is described by the Vietnamese government as "the political base of people's power." It is intended to have a significant role in society, promoting "national solidarity" and "unity of mind in political and spiritual matters." In practice, the members of the Front, like their counterparts in other Communist states, are largely subservient to the Communist Party, and must accept the party's "

leading role A leading actor, leading actress, or simply lead (), plays the role of the protagonist of a film, television show or play. The word ''lead'' may also refer to the largest role in the piece, and ''leading actor'' may refer to a person who typic ...

" as a condition of their existence. Many of the government's social programs are conducted through the Front. Recently, it has been given a role in programs to reduce poverty. The Front is also responsible for much of the government's policy on

religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, ...

, and has the ability to determine which religious groups will receive official approval. Perhaps more importantly, the Front is intended to supervise the activity of the government and of government organisations. Because the Front's power base is mass participation and popular mobilisation, it is seen as representative of the people, and both Vietnam's

constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princ ...

and laws give it a special role. The Front has a particularly significant role in

elections An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative ...

. Specifically, endorsement by the Front is generally required (in practice, if not in theory) to be a candidate for election. Almost all candidates are nominated by (and members of) the Front, with only a few "self-nominated" candidates avoiding the Front's veto. The Front's role in electoral nominations is mandated by law.

Leadership

Secretary General of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front since 1977: *

Nguyễn Văn Tiến Nguyễn () is the most common Vietnamese surname. Outside of Vietnam, the surname is commonly rendered without diacritics as Nguyen. Nguyên (元）is a different word and surname. By some estimates 39 percent of Vietnamese people bear this s ...

(1977–1988) *

Phạm Văn Kiết Phạm is the fourth most common Vietnamese family name from , which may be rendered as ''Fan'' in Chinese or ''Beom'' (범) in Korean. It is not to be confused with Phan (潘), another Vietnamese surname. Origin Phạm is the Sino-Vietnames ...

(1988–1994) *

Trần Văn Đăng Trần (陳) or Tran is a common Vietnamese surname. More than 10% of all Vietnamese people share this surname. It is derived from the common Chinese surname Chen. History The Tran ruled the Trần dynasty, a golden era in Vietnam, and succe ...

(1994–2004) *

Huỳnh Đảm Huang (; ) is a Chinese surname that originally means and refers to jade people were wearing and decorating in ancient times. While ''Huáng'' is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hwo ...

(2004–2008) *

Vũ Trọng Kim Vũ or Võ (wikt:武, 武 or rarely wikt:禹, 禹) is a common Vietnamese name, Vietnamese surname. Vũ is primarily used by Vietnamese who live in the north, while Võ mostly is used by Vietnamese who live in the south (from Quảng Bình Provin ...

(2008–2016) *

Trần Thanh Mẫn Trần Thanh Mẫn (born 12 August 1962) is a Vietnamese politician who has been First Vice Chairperson of the National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislat ...

(from 2016) Chairman of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front since 1977: *

Hoàng Quốc Việt Huang (; ) is a Chinese surname that originally means and refers to jade people were wearing and decorating in ancient times. While ''Huáng'' is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hwo ...

(1977–1983) *

Huỳnh Tấn Phát Huỳnh Tấn Phát (15 February 1913, near Mỹ Tho, French Indochina – 30 September 1989, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) was a South Vietnamese communist politician and revolutionary. He was a member of the First National Assembly (Democratic Repu ...

(1983–1988) *

Nguyễn Hữu Thọ Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (10 July 1910 – 24 December 1996) was a Vietnamese revolutionary and Chairman of Consultative Council of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam from 6 June 1969 to 2 July 1976, and the Chairman of the National As ...

(1988–1994) *

Lê Quang Đạo Lê Quang Đạo (8 August 1921 – 24 July 1999) was a Vietnamese politician who was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1960 to 1991. Having served 28 years in the military, he was promoted to the rank of Maj ...

(1994–1999) * Phạm Thế Duyệt (1999–2008) *

(2008–2013) * Nguyễn Thiện Nhân (2013–2017) *

(from 2017)

Former Front organisations

League for the Independence of Vietnam The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...

(Việt Minh) founded by

Hồ Chí Minh (: ; born ; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), commonly known as ('Uncle Hồ'), also known as ('President Hồ'), (' Old father of the people') and by other aliases, was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman. He served as Pri ...

on 19 May 1941. * Vietnamese National Popular League (Hội Liên hiệp Quốc dân Việt Nam or Liên Việt), founded on 29 May 1946. Head of the League:

Huỳnh Thúc Kháng Huỳnh Thúc Kháng ( chữ Hán: ; 1 October 1876 – 21 April 1947), also known as Cụ Huỳnh (lit: 'Great-grandfather' Huỳnh), was a Vietnamese anti-colonial activist, statesman and journalist, most notably serving as Acting President of ...

(1946–1947), Bùi Bằng Đoàn (1947–1951). * Vietnamese National Popular Front (Mặt trận Liên Việt), founded in 1951, merger of Viet Minh and Lien Viet. Chairman:

Tôn Đức Thắng Tôn Đức Thắng (August 20, 1888 – March 30, 1980) was the second and last president of North Vietnam and the first president of the reunified Vietnam under the leadership of General Secretary Lê Duẩn. The position of president is cerem ...

. * Vietnamese Fatherland Front (Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam), founded in 1955 and replaced the Vietnamese National Popular Front. Chairman:

. *

(

Việt Cộng , , war = the Vietnam War , image = FNL Flag.svg , caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green. , active ...

), founded on 20 December 1960. Chairman:

. *

Alliance of National, Democratic and Peace Forces of Viet Nam An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...

, founded on 20 April 1968. Chairman:

Trịnh Đình Thảo Trịnh is a Vietnamese family name, which is also common in some countries such as Korea (Jung, Jeong). A considerable portion of families that bear the surname Trinh are ethnically Vietnamese. Notable people *Trịnh Như Khuê, First Cardin ...

Electoral history

National Assembly elections

References

External links

* (in Vietnamese) *
Third Congress of the Viet Nam Fatherland Front (Documents)
', held in December 1971 {{Authority control 1977 establishments in Vietnam Communist Party of Vietnam Political parties established in 1977 Political party alliances in Vietnam Popular fronts of communist states