Victorio Macho (December 23, 1887 in

Palencia Palencia () is a city of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Palencia. Located in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in the northern half o ...

– July 13, 1966 in

Toledo, Spain Toledo ( , ) is a city and municipality of Spain, capital of the province of Toledo and the ''de jure'' seat of the government and parliament of the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. Toledo was declare ...

) was a renowned 20th century Spanish sculptor. He is considered to be one of the greats of modern Spanish sculpture. His style was influenced by

art deco Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...

. His home and workshop in Toledo was converted into a museum dedicated to his work, the Victorio Macho Museum, after his death. He has been featured on a postage stamp of Spain.

Biography

Victorio Macho was born into a family of modest means in Palencia, Spain in 1887. His parents enrolled him in the school of Fine Arts and Crafts of Santander, where he learned to sculpt. In 1903, at the age of 16 he moved to

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

continuing his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. He first became famous with a monument to Galdós. It is a consecrated from his exhibition at the

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of ...

of Madrid, 1921. He left Spain during the dictatorship of

Primo de Rivera Primo de Rivera is a Spanish family prominent in politics of the 19th and 20th centuries: *Fernando Primo de Rivera (1831–1921), Spanish politician and soldier *Miguel Primo de Rivera (1870–1930), nephew of Fernando, military officer and dictat ...

and went to live in Hendaye, just over the border in the Basque region of France. He sculpted monuments for

Unamuno Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) was a Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector at the University of Salamanca. His major philosophical essa ...

and

Ramón y Cajal Ramón or Ramon may refer to: People Given name * Ramon (footballer, born 1998), Brazilian footballer * Ramón (footballer, born 1990), Brazilian footballer * Ramón (singer), Spanish singer who represented Spain in the 2004 Eurovision Song Contes ...

. In 1936 he was elected into the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. The outcome of the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...

pushed him to exile in France, Russia, and finally to America. After living six months in Colombia, he began an extended stay in Lima in Peru, where he married Zoila Barrós Conti. He finally returned to Spain in 1952. He established his home and workshop in Toledo in central Spain. Since 1967 this same building houses the Victorio Macho museum, created from Zoila's generous donation to the Spanish State. The name of the house is Tarpeian Rock. From first marriage, in 1917, he married María Martínez de Romarate, widow of a marquis and sister-Guiomar, platonic love of

Antonio Machado Antonio Cipriano José María y Francisco de Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz (26 July 1875 – 22 February 1939), known as Antonio Machado, was a Spanish poet and one of the leading figures of the Spanish literary movement known as the Generation ...

. In 1964 he received the Grand Cross of the

Order of Isabella the Catholic The Order of Isabella the Catholic ( es, Orden de Isabel la Católica) is a Spanish civil order and honor granted to persons and institutions in recognition of extraordinary services to the homeland or the promotion of international relations a ...

. He died in Toledo on July 13, 1966 and his remains were returned to Palencia, the city of his birth. He was buried at the foot of

Cristo del Otero The ''Cristo del Otero'' (Christ of the Knoll) is a large sculpture and symbol of the city of Palencia in Spain, located on a knoll (''otero'') on the outskirts of the city. Another name, much less popular, is the Monument to the Sacred Heart of ...

Works

Monumento a Jacinto Benavente (Madrid) 03

Portraits

* 1903 - Danielillo * 1916 - Sailor Vasco. Toledo, Victorio Macho Museum. * 1920 - Recumbent statue of his brother Marcelo. Toledo, Victorio Macho Museum. * 1929 - Head of

Ramón del Valle-Inclán Ramón María del Valle-Inclán y de la Peña (in Vilanova de Arousa, Galicia, Spain, 28 October 1866 – Santiago de Compostela, 5 January 1936) was a Spanish dramatist, novelist and member of the Spanish Generation of 98. He is considered pe ...

. Toledo, Victorio Macho Museum. * 1935 - Bust of Pio Baroja. San Sebastian, San Telmo Museum. * 1935 - Statue of mother Toledo, Victorio Macho Museum.

Public works

* 1918 - Monument to Benito Pérez Galdós, Galdós Glorieta, Parque del Retiro, Madrid. * 1922 - Sculpture Monument to Juan Sebastián Elcano, designed by architects José Agustín Aguirre and Azpiroz in Guetaria, Guipúzcoa. * 1925-1927 - Power Concha Espina, Jardines de Pereda, Santander. * 1926 - Monument of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Paseo de Venezuela, Parque del Retiro, Madrid. * 1930 - Bust of Miguel de Unamuno, University of Salamanca, Salamanca. * 1930 - The Roman statue atop the building on Gran Via 60, Madrid. * 1931 - Christ of Otero, Palencia, where the sculptor himself is buried. * 1937 - Monument to Sebastian de Belalcazar, Santiago de Cali, Colombia. * 1937 - Monument to Sebastian de Belalcazar, Morro del Tulcán, Popayan. * 1940 - Rafael Uribe Uribe Monument, located in the Enrique Olaya Herrera National Park in Bogota, Colombia. * 1962 - Monument to Jacinto Benavente, Parque del Retiro, Madrid. * Monument to Benito Pérez Galdós, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. * Alonso Berruguete Monument, Plaza Mayor of Palencia. * Monument to Simón Bolívar Genius, Plaza Caracas of Caracas. Copies in Bogota (Colombia), Sao Paulo (Brasil), Riobamba (Ecuador) and Lima (Peru).

Religious works

* Christ Church. Corrales de Buelna, Cantabria.

Funeral works

* Dr. Llorente Sepulchre, Cemetery San Justo, Madrid (1917). * Tomb of the poet Tomás Morales Castellano, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (whole figure appears the pleading, which was discussed in the Iberian Artists Exhibition) * Grave of Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, Santander Cathedral. * Grave Marcelo Macho, brother of artist, Casa-Museo Victorio Macho, Toledo. * Family Mausoleum Simón Bolívar, Trinity Chapel, Cathedral of Caracas, Venezuela (1930).

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macho, Victorio 1887 births 1966 deaths Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic Spanish sculptors Spanish male sculptors People from Palencia