The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd ( ar, مملكة الحجاز ونجد, '), initially the Kingdom of Hejaz and Sultanate of Nejd (, '), was a
dual monarchy ruled by
Abdulaziz
Abdulaziz ( ota, عبد العزيز, ʿAbdü'l-ʿAzîz; tr, Abdülaziz; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the 32nd List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was 187 ...
following the
victory of the
Saudi Saudi may refer to:
* Saudi Arabia
* Saudis, people from Saudi Arabia
* Saudi culture, the culture of Saudi Arabia
* House of Saud
The House of Saud ( ar, آل سُعُود, ʾĀl Suʿūd ) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia. It is c ...
Sultanate of Nejd over the
Hashemite Kingdom of the Hejaz
The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz ( ar, المملكة الحجازية الهاشمية, ''Al-Mamlakah al-Ḥijāziyyah Al-Hāshimiyyah'') was a state in the Hejaz region in the Middle East that included the western portion of the Arabian Peninsul ...
in 1925. It was the fourth iteration of the
Third Saudi State.
In 1932, the two kingdoms were
unified as the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Ara ...
.
History
On 8 January 1926, Abdulaziz, the Sultan of Nejd, was crowned King of the Hejaz in the
Masjid al-Haram
, native_name_lang = ar
, religious_affiliation = Islam
, image = Al-Haram mosque - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg
, image_upright = 1.25
, caption = Aerial view of the Great Mosque of Mecca
, map ...
in
Makkah, and he elevated Nejd to the status of a
kingdom on 29 January 1927.
[Joseph Kostiner. (1993). ''The Making of Saudi Arabia, 1916–1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State''. Oxford University Press US, , p. 104.] At the
Treaty of Jeddah on 20 May 1927, Abdulaziz's
realm
A realm is a community or territory over which a sovereign rules. The term is commonly used to describe a monarchical or dynastic state. A realm may also be a subdivision within an empire, if it has its own monarch, e.g. the German Empire.
Etym ...
was
recognised by the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and was addressed as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.
For the next five years, Abdulaziz administered the two parts of his dual kingdom as separate units. On 23 September 1932, Abdulaziz proclaimed the union of the main Saudi
dominions of
al-Hasa Al-Ahsa or Al-Hasa may refer to:
* Al-Ahsa Governorate, a governorate in Saudi Arabia
* Al-Ahsa Oasis, an oasis region in eastern Saudi Arabia
* Hofuf, also known as Al-Ahsa, an urban center in the Al-Ahsa Oasis
* Al-Ahsa International Airport, Hof ...
,
Qatif, Nejd and the Hejaz as the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Foreign policy
The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd could pursue its expansionist policy by British arms supplies because of its close relations with the United Kingdom. Under King Abdulaziz, the Hejaz withdrew from the
League of Nations.
In 1926, the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd was recognised by the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, followed by the
United States of America in 1931. By 1932, the
United Kingdom, the
French Third Republic, the
USSR,
Turkey, the
Imperial State of Iran,
Kingdom of Italy and
The Netherlands maintained
legation
A legation was a diplomatic representative office of lower rank than an embassy. Where an embassy was headed by an ambassador, a legation was headed by a Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, minister. Ambassadors diplomatic rank, out ...
s in
Jeddah
Jeddah ( ), also spelled Jedda, Jiddah or Jidda ( ; ar, , Jidda, ), is a city in the Hejaz region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the country's commercial center. Established in the 6th century BC as a fishing village, Jeddah's pro ...
; The
Kingdom of Egypt maintained unofficial consular representatives.
Rulers of Hejaz and Nejd
King of Hejaz and Nejd (1926–1932)
Viceroy of Hejaz (1926–1932)
Viceroy of Nejd (1926–1932)
Notes
Sources
Statoids - Regions of Saudi Arabia
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
Former Arab states
History of Hejaz
History of Nejd
History of Saudi Arabia
Hejaz and Nejd
Najd
1920s in Saudi Arabia
1930s in Saudi Arabia
States and territories established in 1926
States and territories disestablished in 1932
1926 establishments in Asia
1932 disestablishments in Asia
Former countries of the interwar period
Former kingdoms