Venance Grumel (born François Grumel on 23 May 1890,
La Serraz,
Le Bourget-du-Lac,
Savoy,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
– died 13 August 1967,
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
) was a French
theologian
Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...
and
Byzantinist
Byzantine studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, demography, dress, religion/theology, art, literature/epigraphy, music, science, economy, coinage and politics of the Eastern Roman ...
.
L'œuvre scientifique du R. P. Venance Grumel (1890-1967)
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Biography
He was born on 23 May 1890 under the name of François Grumel in La Serraz, in the commune of Le Bourget-du-Lac, in Savoy, France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
. Orphaned, he began his schooling at the Bocage orphanage, near Chambéry
Chambéry (, , ; Arpitan: ''Chambèri'') is the prefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France. The population of the commune of Chambéry was 58,917 as of 2019, while the population of the Chamb ...
(1895-1902). He joined the Assumptionist
The Assumptionists, officialy named the Congregation of the Augustinians of the Assumption ( la, Congregatio Augustinianorum ab Assumptione) abbreviated AA,is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men (priests and b ...
, or Augustinians of the Assumption, school of Notre-Dame des Châteaux, in the Tarentaise Valley
The Tarentaise Valley (french: Vallée de la Tarentaise, ; frp, Tarentèsa) is a valley of the Isère River in the heart of the French Alps, located in the Savoy region of France. The valley is named for the ancient town of ''Darantasia'', the ...
(1902-1903). Later, he transferred to Mongreno (near Turin
Turin ( , Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The ...
) in Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
(1903-1905). Grumel completed his studies in Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
- at Calahorra
Calahorra [] ( an, Calagorra, la, Calagurris) is a municipality in the comarca of Rioja Baja, near the border with Navarre on the right bank of the Ebro. During Ancient Rome, Ancient Roman times, Calahorra was a municipium known as ''Calagurris ...
(1905-1907) and Elorrio
Elorrio is a town and a municipality located in the eastern part of the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, in northern Spain. , it has a population of 7,307 inhabitants. It covers an area of 37.20 square kilometers and it has a population ...
(1907). On 11 September 1907, he entered the Assumptionist novitiate of Louvain, Belgium
Leuven (, ) or Louvain (, , ; german: link=no, Löwen ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the historic c ...
, where took the name of Brother Venance. He made his first vows on 1 September 1908, then his perpetual vows in Gempe, Belgium on 12 September 1909. He took philosophy courses in Rome, where he obtained a degree (1909-1911). He made his teaching debut at Elorrio (1911-1913). He began his studies of theology in Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
(1913-1914) and completed them in Italy - at Rome (1915-1916) and Fara in Sabina
Fara in Sabina, also spelled Fara Sabina, is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region Lazio, located about northeast of Rome and about southwest of Rieti.
History
The area was inhabited in prehistoric times, ...
(1916-1917). He was ordained a priest of the Assumptionist order on 16 May 1916. He devoted himself to teaching in schools of his order: Bourville, Normandy
Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...
(1917-1919); in Taintignies, Belgium (1919-1920); and Kadıköy
Kadıköy (), known in classical antiquity and during the Roman and Byzantine eras as Chalcedon ( gr, Χαλκηδών), is a large, populous, and cosmopolitan district in the Asian side of Istanbul, Turkey, on the northern shore of the Sea o ...
, Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
(1920).
Whilst teaching in Kadıköy, he became interested in Byzantine studies. And from 1922, his pursued a career with French Institute of Byzantine Studies (IFEB), which he followed to Bucharest
Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...
(1937) and Paris (1957). He contributed articles to the ''Revue des études byzantines
The ''Revue des études byzantines'' is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of Greek Christianity and especially Byzantine civilization. It was established in 1897 as ''Échos d'Orient'', renamed ''Études byzantines'' in ...
'', and later became the journal's secretary. He was a researcher, teacher, contributor to of encyclopedias and specialized dictionaries. He established the chronology of the patriarchs of Constantinople
This is a list of the Patriarchs of Constantinople.
Bishops of Byzantium (until 330)
*1. St. Andrew the Apostle (38), founder
*2. St. Stachys the Apostle (38–54)
*3. St. Onesimus (54–68)
*4. Polycarpus I (69–89)
*5. Plutarch (89–10 ...
. A recognized Byzantinist, he became a research master at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (french: link=no, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe.
In 2016, it employed 31,63 ...
(CNRS) in 1955. He died in Paris on 13 August 1967, and was buried at the Montparnasse cemetery.
Research
Grumel devoted himself to the studies of Byzantine history
This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the Eastern Roman Empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Rom ...
, with a particular interest for the history of the Byzantine Church and its relationship with the Western Catholic Church: one main research field of him was the history of councils. He studied in depth the Photian Schism
The Photian Schism was a four-year (863–867) schism between the episcopal sees of Rome and Constantinople. The issue centred on the right of the Byzantine Emperor to depose and appoint a patriarch without approval from the papacy.
In 857, Ig ...
and its implications.
He edited the registers of the acts of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and compiled a monograph about Byzantine chronology which still is in use.
Works
Main works
* ''Les Regestes des actes du patriarcat de Constantinople (381-1206)'', Institut français d'études byzantines, 1971.
* In Paul Lemerle, ''Traité d'études byzantines'', «1, La chronologie», coll. «Bibliothèque byzantine», Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1958.
Articles
« Le problème de la date pascale aux IIIe et IVe siècles. L'origine du conflit : le nouveau cadre du comput juif. L'origine du conflit : le nouveau cadre du comput juif »
1960.
« Chronologie patriarcale au Xe siècle. Basile Ie Scamandrénos, Antoine III Scandalios le Studite, Nicolas II Chrysobergès »
1964.
« Les relations politico-religieuses entre Byzance et Rome sous le règne de Léon l'Arménien »
1960.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grumel, Venance
1890 births
1967 deaths
20th-century French historians
People from Savoie
French Byzantinists
French theologians
Assumptionists
Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
Scholars of Byzantine history