''Velutina'' is a
genus of small
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
s,
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusks in the
family Velutinidae.
[WoRMS (2009). ''Velutina'' Fleming, 1822. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138631 on 17 June 2011]
Species
Species within the genus ''Velutina'' include:
*''
Velutina coriacea
''Velutina'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Velutinidae.WoRMS (2009). ''Velutina'' Fleming, 1822. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca da ...
''
( Pallas, 1788)
*''
Velutina cryptospira''
Middendorff, 1848
*''
Velutina plicatilis
''Velutina plicatilis'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Velutinidae.
Distribution
The distribution of ''Velutina plicatilis'' is circumboreal. The range of ''Velutina plicatilis'' include: 75°N to 4 ...
''
(Müller Müller may refer to:
* ''Die schöne Müllerin'' (1823) (sometimes referred to as ''Müllerlieder''; ''Müllerin'' is a female miller) is a song cycle with words by Wilhelm Müller and music by Franz Schubert
* Doctor Müller, fictional character ...
, 1776)
*''
Velutina pulchella''
Derjugin, 1950
*''
Velutina schneideri''
Friele, 1886
*''
Velutina tarasovi''
Derjugin, 1950
*''
Velutina velutina
''Velutina velutina'', common name the velvet shell, is a species of small sea snail with a transparent shell, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Velutinidae.
Description
The maximum body size is from 15 to 50 mm. The maximum recorde ...
''
(Müller Müller may refer to:
* ''Die schöne Müllerin'' (1823) (sometimes referred to as ''Müllerlieder''; ''Müllerin'' is a female miller) is a song cycle with words by Wilhelm Müller and music by Franz Schubert
* Doctor Müller, fictional character ...
, 1776)
;Species brought into synonymy :
*''Velutina beringensis'' Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''
Cartilagovelutina beringensis'' (Derjugin, 1950)
*''Velutina bifasciata'' Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''
Limneria undata'' (T. Brown, 1839)
*''Velutina canaliculata'' Kröyer, 1847 : synonym of ''
Limneria undata'' (T. Brown, 1839)
*''Velutina capillata'' Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''
Ciliatovelutina capillata
''Ciliatovelutina'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Velutinidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Ciliatovelutina'' include:
* '' Ciliatovelutina capillata'' (Derjugin, 1950)
* '' Ciliatovelutina lanata' ...
'' (Derjugin, 1950)
*''Velutina capuloidea'' Blainville, 1824 : synonym of ''Velutina velutina'' (O. F. Müller, 1776)
*''Velutina chondrina'' Bartsch in Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''
Cartilagovelutina chondrina'' (Bartsch in Derjugin, 1950)
*''Velutina conica'' Dall, 1886 : synonym of ''Velutina prolongata'' Carpenter, 1864
*''Velutina cristata'' Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''
Cartilagovelutina cristata'' (Derjugin, 1950)
*''Velutina derjugini'' Bartsch in Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''Velutina prolongata'' Carpenter, 1864
*''Velutina flexilis'' (Montagu, 1808) : synonym of ''Velutina plicatilis'' (O. F. Müller, 1776)
*''Velutina fraudatrix'' Golikov & Kussakin, 1962 : synonym of ''Velutina tarasovi'' Derjugin, 1950
*''Velutina glabrata'' Golikov & Kussakin, 1962 : synonym of ''Velutina coriacea'' (Pallas, 1788)
*''Velutina haliotidea'' (Fabricius, 1780) : synonym of ''Velutina velutina'' (O. F. Müller, 1776)
*''Velutina insculpta'' Odhner, 1913 ''
Limneria insculpta'' (Odhner, 1913)
*''Velutina laevigata'' "(O. F. Müller, 1777)": synonym of ''Velutina velutina'' (O. F. Müller, 1776)
*''Velutina lanata'' Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''
Ciliatovelutina lanata
''Ciliatovelutina'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Velutinidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Ciliatovelutina'' include:
* ''Ciliatovelutina capillata'' (Derjugin, 1950)
* '' Ciliatovelutina lanata'' ...
'' (Derjugin, 1950)
*''Velutina lanigera'' Møller, 1842: synonym of ''
Ciliatovelutina lanigera
''Ciliatovelutina lanigera'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Velutinidae.
Description
They are benthos and are predators, feeding on sessile prey.
Distribution
The distribution of ''Ciliatovelutina lani ...
'' (Møller, 1842)
*''Velutina litoralis'' Golikov & Kussakin, in Golikov & Scarlato, 1967 : synonym of ''Velutina coriacea'' (Pallas, 1788)
*''Velutina nana'' Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''
Ciliatovelutina nana
''Ciliatovelutina'' is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Velutinidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Ciliatovelutina'' include:
* ''Ciliatovelutina capillata'' (Derjugin, 1950)
* ''Ciliatovelutina lanata'' ...
'' (Derjugin, 1950)
*''Velutina ochotensis'' Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''
Limneria undata'' (T. Brown, 1839)
*''Velutina pellucida'' Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''Velutina coriacea'' (Pallas, 1788)
*''Velutina prolongata'' Carpenter, 1864 : synonym of ''
Limneria prolongata'' (Carpenter, 1864)
*''Velutina rupicola'' Conrad, 1831 : synonym of ''Velutina velutina'' (O. F. Müller, 1776)
*''Velutina schantarica'' Derjugin, 1950 : synonym of ''Velutina cryptospira'' Middendorff, 1848
*''Velutina sitkensis'' A. Adams, 1853 : synonym of ''Velutina plicatilis'' (O. F. Müller, 1776)
*''Velutina striata'' Macgillivray, 1843 : synonym of ''Velutina velutina'' (O. F. Müller, 1776)
*''Velutina undata'' Smith J., 1839:
[Gofas, S. (2009). ''Velutina undata'' Smith J., 1839. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141904 on 2010-08-19] synonym of ''
Limneria undata'' (T. Brown, 1839)
*''Velutina ventricosa'' Golikov, in Golikov & Scarlato, 1985 : synonym of ''Velutina coriacea'' (Pallas, 1788)
*''Velutina vulgaris'' Fleming, 1820 : synonym of ''Velutina velutina'' (O. F. Müller, 1776)
*''Velutina zonata'' Gould, 1841 : synonym of ''
Limneria undata'' (T. Brown, 1839)
Description
The
shell is thin, mostly external, calcareous, auriform, paucispiral and invested by a velvety
epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water rele ...
.
The
spire is lateral and diminutive.
The
suture is well impressed.
The
aperture is very large and rounded with the thin, almost continuous lip.
The
columellar
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.
His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the ...
lip is a little reflected.
There is no
operculum or
umbilicus.
The oval animal is convex above and little spiral. It has a large oblong foot.
The margin of the
mantle
A mantle is a piece of clothing, a type of cloak. Several other meanings are derived from that.
Mantle may refer to:
*Mantle (clothing), a cloak-like garment worn mainly by women as fashionable outerwear
**Mantle (vesture), an Eastern Orthodox ve ...
is developed and more or less reflected over the edge of the shell.
The head is broad and depressed.
The two large
tentacles are subulate, blunt, far apart, with eyes sessile on prominences at their outer bases.
The mouth has a short tube.
The formula of the
radula
The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...
is 2·1·1·1·2.
The central tooth is subquadrangular, multicuspid; the central cusps are very long and sharp; lateral teeth are multicuspid, marginals are narrow, with a few obsolete denticles on the margin.
Species in the genus ''Velutina'' resemble the pulmonate genus ''
Otina
''Otina ovata'' is a species of small, air-breathing sea snail or sea slug, a marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the superfamily Otinoidea.
''Otina ovata'' is the only species in the genus ''Otina''. ''Otina'' is the only genus in the famil ...
'', but ''Velutina'' are strictly marine.
Sometimes they are found out at sea, but usually live among stones near low tide.
References
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.
[ Tryon G. W. (1886). '' Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species''. Volume 8. Naticidae, Capyptraeidae, Turritellidae, Vermetidae, Caecidae, Eulimidae, Turbonillidae, Pyramidellidae. 461 pp., 79 plates. pag]
12-13Plate 1
figure 8.
{{taxonbar, from=Q3175410
Velutinidae