Vasily (Wilhelm) ''Волков, С.'
Генералитет Российской империи
Энциклопедический словарь генералов и адмиралов от Петра I до Николая II // А-К. — М.: Центрполиграф, 2009. — 757 с. — Fyodorovich von Baumgarten (russian: Василий (Вильгельм) Фёдорович фон Баумгартен; October 30 7 1879 — May 13, 1962) was Russian Empire and Yugoslavian

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

and

military engineer Military engineering is loosely defined as the art, science, and practice of designing and building military works and maintaining lines of military transport and military communications. Military engineers are also responsible for logistics ...

. ''Левошко, С.'
Баумгартен Василий (Вильгельм) Фёдорович
— сайт «Искусство и архитектура русского зарубежья» Фонда имени Дмитрия Лихачёва.

Biography

Russian Empire

Vasily was born in

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

. He graduated from the

Emperor Alexander II Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Fin ...

Cadet Corps A corps of cadets, also called cadet corps, was originally a kind of military school for boys. Initially such schools admitted only sons of the nobility or gentry, but in time many of the schools were opened also to members of other social classes ...

at 1897, then from the Nicholas Pavlovich's engineering school at 1900 and Nikolaevsky Engineering Academy at 1905 in St. Petersburg. During the

Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...

(1904–05) Vasily Baumgarten served in the

Vladivostok Fortress Vladivostok Fortress is a system of fortifications built from 1889 to 1918 in Vladivostok, Russia, and the surrounding area. During construction, lessons from the Russo-Japanese War were taken into account, so that this is the most fortified ...

, then in 1908–14 he worked in the city administration of St. Petersburg and he taught at his alma mater as associate professor. Baumgarten has taken part in construction of Naval and artillery ranges, then together with Vladimir Apyshkov built the house of Peter Stenbock-Fermore in St. Petersburg in 1913–14, later he also built several private houses in Pavlovsk. During the

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

colonel Baumgarten was appointed as a head of engineer troops at the 3rd Army headquarters. He has been awarded with the 2nd and 3rd classes of the

Order of St. Stanislaus The Order of Saint Stanislaus ( pl, Order Św. Stanisława Biskupa Męczennika, russian: Орден Святого Станислава), also spelled Stanislas, was a Polish order of knighthood founded in 1765 by King Stanisław August Ponia ...

, 2nd and 3rd classes of the

Order of St. Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holst ...

and 4th class of the

Order of St. Vladimir The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptize ...

.Русский кадетский некрополь в Аргентине
— Электронное кадетское письмо № 50, Буэнос-Айрес, июнь 2007 года. Because of the

October revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mome ...

and

Russian Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Russian Civil War , partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I , image = , caption = Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist, *Soldiers ...

in September 1918 Vasily Baumgarten joined the White movement. In January 1919 he joined the

Anton Denikin Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...

Volunteer Army The Volunteer Army (russian: Добровольческая армия, translit=Dobrovolcheskaya armiya, abbreviated to russian: Добрармия, translit=Dobrarmiya) was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from ...

as a procurement manager for engineer units. Generalstab

In November 1920 Baumgarten evacuated from

Sevastopol Sevastopol (; uk, Севасто́поль, Sevastópolʹ, ; gkm, Σεβαστούπολις, Sevastoúpolis, ; crh, Акъя́р, Aqyár, ), sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea, and a major port on the Black Sea ...

Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

together with the staff of Peter Wrangel's

Russian army The Russian Ground Forces (russian: Сухопутные войска �ВSukhoputnyye voyska V}), also known as the Russian Army (, ), are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces. The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Force ...

retreating from

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

. Then he became a

major general Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of ...

(

military rank Military ranks are a system of hierarchical relationships, within armed forces, police, intelligence agencies or other institutions organized along military lines. The military rank system defines dominance, authority, and responsibility in a ...

) and a corps engineer of the 1st Army Corps at Gallipoli. Later he emigrated to the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

(since 1929 —

Kingdom of Yugoslavia The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 ...

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

In Belgrade, Vasily Baumgarten has worked as an architect in chief at the Ministry of Army and Navy in rank of major general of the

Royal Yugoslav Army The Yugoslav Army ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Jugoslovenska vojska, JV, Југословенска војска, ЈВ), commonly the Royal Yugoslav Army, was the land warfare military service branch of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (originally Kingdom of Serbs, ...

, ''Просен, М.'
75 година Руског дома у Београду
// Наслеђе, 2008. — № 9. — С. 211—220. — as well as an architect of the corresponding department in the Ministry of Civil Construction. ''Косик, В.'
Что мне до вас, мостовые Белграда? Очерки о русской эмиграции
— М.: Институт славяноведения РАН, 2007. — 288 с. — He has become best known as an originator of the Royal Yugoslav Armed Forces General Staff headquarter building design and the design of the Emperor Nicholas II's Russian House (Ruski dom) in Belgrade. The

interbellum In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the First World War to the beginning of the Second World War. The interwar period was relative ...

politics of Vasily Baumgarten were panslavistic. Among other things he also took part in the Association of Russian artists in the Kingdom of SCS' exhibition in 1928 and the Great Exhibition of Russian Art in 1930 in Belgrade, in 1930–31 Vasily became a member of the art group К.Р.У.Г. He was also a leader of the voluntary support group for the students of Nikolaevsky Engineering School and the Academy. Skoplje1930oficirskidom

Here is the list of key Yugoslav architectural projects executed by Vasily Baumgarten: Руски дом

* (Old) (built in 1924–28); * , Macedonia (or Army Hall; 1925–29); * Mite Lukić House in the municipality of

Voždovac Voždovac ( sr-cyr, Вождовац, ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 158,213 inhabitants. The municipality is located in the south-central part of the urban ...

in Belgrade (1931); *

Konak (residence) Konak ( tr, konak) is a name for a house in Turkey and on the territories of the former Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτο ...

of the

Serbian Orthodox The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches. The majori ...

Gračanica monastery Gračanica () may refer to: Places Bosnia and Herzegovina * Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a town and municipality in Tuzla *Gračanica (Bugojno), a village in Central Bosnia * Gračanica, Gacko, a village in Republika Srpska * Gračanica, P ...

in Kosovo and Metohija near

Priština Pristina, ; sr, / (, ) is the capital and largest city of Kosovo. The city's municipal boundaries in Pristina District form the largest urban center in Kosovo. After Tirana, Pristina has the second largest population of ethnic Albanians a ...

(1933); * Emperor Nicholas II's Russian House (Ruski dom) in Belgrade (1931–33); * State Mortgage Bank (Državna hipotekarna banka) building in

Valjevo Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево, ) is a city and the administrative center of the Kolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the administrative area of Valjevo had 90,312 inhabitants, 59,073 of whom were urban dwell ...

(1939); ''Просен, М.'
Зграда државне хипотекарне банке у Ваљеву: непознато дело архитекте Василија фон Баумгартена
— Зборник: Музеј примењене уметности, Београд, 2010. — pp. 81—90. * State Mortgage Bank building in Pančevo (1940; together with the engineer Solodov).

The last years of his life

For a long time in Yugoslavia it was believed the architect Baumgarten has not survived

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

times, although the date and place of his death haven't been known. However, later it turned out that after 1945 Wilhelm Baumgarten emigrated to

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

together with his family. The last years of his life he spent in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

. There Baumgarten served as a chairman of The in South America and (since 1949) was the leader of the Peter Wrangel's

Russian All-Military Union The Russian All-Military Union ( rus, Русский Обще-Воинский Союз, abbreviated РОВС, ROVS) is an organization that was founded by White Army General Pyotr Wrangel in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on 1 Septembe ...

local department. He died on May 13, 1962. Buried at the

Cementerio Británico Cementerio Británico de Buenos Aires, also known in English as Buenos Aires British cemetery, is a cemetery in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is in the district of Chacarita in the northern part of Buenos Aires, adjacent to La Chacarita Cemeter ...

not far from

La Chacarita Cemetery Cementerio de la Chacarita in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is known as the National Cemetery and is the largest in Argentina. Location The cemetery is in the barrio or district of Chacarita, in the western part of Buenos Aires. Its main entrance i ...

in Buenos Aires.

Family

Vasily Baumgarten married shortly before the

in Russia. Xenia (Kika) Michaylovna Benois (1894–1965), last name changed to Baumgarten as she got married, was his wife, a niece of the artist

Alexandre Benois Alexandre Nikolayevich Benois (russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Бенуа́, also spelled Alexander Benois; ,Salmina-Haskell, Larissa. ''Russian Paintings and Drawings in the Ashmolean Museum''. pp. 15, 23-24. Published by ...

.Именной указатель
к ''Бенуа, А.'' Дневник 1918—1924 годов. — М.: Захаров, 2010. — 816 с. — The couple had sons and there is an information of a granddaughter named Marina.

References

__NOTOC__ {{DEFAULTSORT:Baumgarten, Vasily 1879 births 1962 deaths Architects from Buenos Aires Architects from the Russian Empire Yugoslav architects Russian neoclassical architects White Russian emigrants to Yugoslavia Yugoslav emigrants to Argentina Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery