![The trial of Dreyfus, Vanity Fair, 1899-11-23](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/The_trial_of_Dreyfus%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1899-11-23.jpg)
''Vanity Fair'' was a British weekly magazine that was published from 1868 to 1914. Founded by
Thomas Gibson Bowles
Thomas Gibson Bowles (15 January 1842 – 12 January 1922), known generally as Tommy Bowles, was an English publisher and parliamentarian. He founded the magazines '' The Lady'' and the English ''Vanity Fair'', and became a Member of Parliame ...
in London, the magazine included articles on fashion, theatre, current events as well as word games and serial fiction. The cream of the period’s "society magazines", it is best known for its witty prose and
caricatures of famous people of
Victorian and
Edwardian
The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history spanned the reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910 and is sometimes extended to the start of the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victori ...
society, including artists, athletes, royalty, statesmen, scientists, authors, actors, business people and scholars.
Taking its title from
Thackeray's popular satire on early 19th-century British society, ''Vanity Fair'' was not immediately successful and struggled with competition from rival publications. Bowles then promised his readers 'Some Pictorial Wares of an entirely novel character', and on 30 January 1869, a full-page caricature of
Benjamin Disraeli
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He played a central role in the creation o ...
appeared. This was the first of over 2,300 caricatures to be published. According to the
National Portrait Gallery in London, "''Vanity Fairs illustrations, instantly recognizable in terms of style and size, led to a rapid increase in demand for the magazine. It gradually became a mark of honour to be the 'victim' of one of its numerous caricaturists. Bowles’s witty accompanying texts, full of insights and innuendoes, certainly contributed towards the popularity of these images".
History
Subtitled "A Weekly Show of Political, Social and Literary Wares", it was founded in 1868 by
Thomas Gibson Bowles
Thomas Gibson Bowles (15 January 1842 – 12 January 1922), known generally as Tommy Bowles, was an English publisher and parliamentarian. He founded the magazines '' The Lady'' and the English ''Vanity Fair'', and became a Member of Parliame ...
, who aimed to expose the contemporary vanities of
Victorian society. Colonel
Fred Burnaby
Colonel Frederick Gustavus Burnaby (3 March 1842 – 17 January 1885) was a British Army intelligence officer. Burnaby's adventurous spirit, pioneering achievements, and swashbuckling courage earned an affection in the minds of Victorian imper ...
provided £100 of the original £200 capital, and inspired by
Thackeray's popular satire on early 19th-century British society suggested the title ''Vanity Fair''.
The first issue appeared in London on 7 November 1868. It offered its readers articles on fashion, current events, the theatre, books, social events and the latest scandals, together with
serial fiction,
word game
Word games (also called word game puzzles or word search games) are spoken, board, or video games often designed to test ability with language or to explore its properties.
Word games are generally used as a source of entertainment, but can ad ...
s and other trivia.
Bowles wrote much of the magazine himself under various pseudonyms, such as "Jehu Junior", but contributors included
Lewis Carroll
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, poet and mathematician. His most notable works are '' Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (1865) and its sequ ...
,
Arthur Hervey
Arthur Hervey (26 January 1855 – 10 March 1922) was an Irish composer, music critic, and an expert in French music.
Life
Hervey was born in Paris of Irish parentage – his father was Charles J.V. Hervey who owned Killiane Castle in County We ...
,
Willie Wilde
William Charles Kingsbury Wilde (26 September 1852 – 13 March 1899) was an Irish journalist and poet of the Victorian era and the older brother of Oscar Wilde.
Background
Willie was the oldest son born into an Anglo-Irish family, at 21 Westl ...
,
Jessie Pope
Jessie Pope (18 March 1868 – 14 December 1941) was an English poet, writer, and journalist, who remains best known for her patriotic, motivational poems published during World War I.''Minds at War'' the Poetry and Experience of the First worl ...
,
P. G. Wodehouse
Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, ( ; 15 October 188114 February 1975) was an English author and one of the most widely read humorists of the 20th century. His creations include the feather-brained Bertie Wooster and his sagacious valet, Jeeve ...
(who also wrote for the unrelated
Condé Nast magazine of the same name) and
Bertram Fletcher Robinson
Bertram Fletcher Robinson (22 August 1870 – 21 January 1907) was an English sportsman, journalist, author and Liberal Unionist Party campaigner. Between 1893 and 1907, he wrote nearly three hundred items, including a series of short stories th ...
(who was editor from June 1904 to October 1906). Lewis Carroll created a series of
word ladder
Word ladder (also known as Doublets, word-links, change-the-word puzzles, paragrams, laddergrams, or word golf) is a word game invented by Lewis Carroll. A word ladder puzzle begins with two words, and to solve the puzzle one must find a chain of o ...
puzzles, which he then called "Doublets", which first appeared in the 29 March 1879 issue.
Thomas Allinson
Thomas Richard Allinson (29 March 1858 – 29 November 1918) was an English physician, dietetic reformer, businessman, journalist and vegetarianism activist. He was a proponent of wholemeal ( whole grain) bread consumption. His name is still u ...
bought the magazine in 1911 from
Frank Harris
Frank Harris (14 February 1855 – 26 August 1931) was an Irish-American editor, novelist, short story writer, journalist and publisher, who was friendly with many well-known figures of his day.
Born in Ireland, he emigrated to the United State ...
, by which time it was failing financially. He failed to revive it and the final issue of ''Vanity Fair'' appeared on 5 February 1914, after which it was merged into ''Hearth and Home''.
Caricatures
A full-page, colour lithograph of a contemporary celebrity or dignitary appeared in most issues, and it is for these
caricatures that ''Vanity Fair'' is best known then
and today.
Subjects included artists, athletes, royalty, statesmen, scientists, authors, actors, soldiers, religious personalities, business people and scholars. More than two thousand of these images appeared, and they are considered the chief cultural legacy of the magazine, forming a pictorial record of the period. They were produced by an international
group of artists, including Sir
Max Beerbohm
Sir Henry Maximilian Beerbohm (24 August 1872 – 20 May 1956) was an English essayist, parodist and caricaturist under the signature Max. He first became known in the 1890s as a dandy and a humorist. He was the drama critic for the '' Saturd ...
, Sir
Leslie Ward
Sir Leslie Matthew Ward (21 November 1851 – 15 May 1922) was a British portrait artist and caricaturist who over four decades painted 1,325 portraits which were regularly published by ''Vanity Fair (British magazine), Vanity Fair'', under th ...
(who signed his work "Spy" and "Drawl"), the Italians
Carlo Pellegrini ("Singe" and "Ape"),
Melchiorre Delfico ("Delfico"),
Liborio Prosperi
Liborio Prosperi ('Lib') Liberio Prosperi (Foligno, 1854 – Foligno, 1928), was an Italian-born artist who belonged to a group of international artists producing caricatures for the British ''Vanity Fair'' magazine. He contributed 55 caricature ...
("Lib"), the Florentine artist and critic
Adriano Cecioni
Adriano Cecioni (July 26, 1836May 23, 1886) was an Italian artist, caricaturist, and critic associated with the Macchiaioli group.
Biography
He was born in Florence into a middle-class family belonging to the local gentry. He began his artisti ...
, the French artists
James Tissot
Jacques Joseph Tissot (; 15 October 1836 – 8 August 1902), anglicized as James Tissot (), was a French painter and illustrator. He was a successful painter of fashionable, modern scenes and society life in Paris before moving to London in 1871 ...
("Coïdé"),
Prosper d'Épinay
Charles Adrien Prosper Caïez d'Épinay (13 July 1836 – 23 September 1914) was a French sculptor and caricaturist (under the name Nemo). Many of his clients were from the nobility and royalty. He was sometimes referred to as the "sculpteur de so ...
("Nemo") and the American
Thomas Nast
Thomas Nast (; ; September 26, 1840December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon".
He was a critic of Democratic Representative "Boss" Tweed and ...
.
Image gallery
File:James Hamilton, Vanity Fair, 1869-09-25.jpg, The Duke of Abercorn by Carlo Pellegrini in the 25 September 1869 issue
File:Benjamin Disraeli, Vanity Fair, 1869-01-30.jpg, Benjamin Disraeli
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He played a central role in the creation o ...
by Carlo Pellegrini in the 30 January 1869 issue
File:Nawab of Bengal.jpg, Mansur Ali Khan of Bengal
Nawab Sayyid Mansur Ali Khan (29 October 1830 – 4 November 1884) was the Nawab of Bengal from 1838 until his abdication in 1880, whereupon he renounced his titles and position as Nawab. During his reign, he instituted various policies in th ...
by "Atn" Alfred Thompson in the 16 April 1870 issue
File:William Thomson, Vanity Fair, 1871-06-24.jpg, William Thomson, Archbishop of York
William Thomson, (11 February 1819 – 25 December 1890) was an English church leader, Archbishop of York from 1862 until his death.
Biography Early life
He was born the eldest son of John Thompson icof Kelswick House, near Whitehaven, ...
by Carlo Pellegrini in the 24 June 1871 issue
File:VanityFair-Darwin2.jpg, Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...
by James Tissot
Jacques Joseph Tissot (; 15 October 1836 – 8 August 1902), anglicized as James Tissot (), was a French painter and illustrator. He was a successful painter of fashionable, modern scenes and society life in Paris before moving to London in 1871 ...
in the 30 September 1871 issue
File:MidhatPashaVanityFair.jpg, Caricature of Midhat Pasha
Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha ( ota , احمد شفيق مدحت پاشا, 18 October 1822 – 26 April 1883) was an Ottoman democrat, kingmaker and one of the leading statesmen during the late Tanzimat period. He is most famous for leading the O ...
by Leslie Ward
Sir Leslie Matthew Ward (21 November 1851 – 15 May 1922) was a British portrait artist and caricaturist who over four decades painted 1,325 portraits which were regularly published by ''Vanity Fair (British magazine), Vanity Fair'', under th ...
in the 30 June 1877 issue
File:Thomas Hardy Vanity Fair 1892-06-04.jpg, Thomas Hardy caricature by Leslie Ward in the 4 June 1892 issue
File:Carlo Pelligrini-Richard Owen Old Bones.jpg, Captioned "Old Bones", caricature of an elderly Richard Owen in 1873
File:Alexandre Dumas01.jpg, Alexandre Dumas, fils
Alexandre Dumas (; 27 July 1824 – 27 November 1895) was a French author and playwright, best known for the romantic novel ''La Dame aux Camélias'' (''The Lady of the Camellias''), published in 1848, which was adapted into Giuseppe Verdi's 1 ...
by Théobald Chartran
Théobald Chartran (20 July 1849 – 16 July 1907) was a classical French academic painter and portrait artist.
Early life
Chartran was born in Besançon, France on 20 July 1849. His father was Councilor at the Court of Appeals and he was the ne ...
in the 27 December 1879 issue
File:Portrait of 'Steel' (4671260).jpg, Captioned "Steel", Sir Henry Bessemer
Sir Henry Bessemer (19 January 1813 – 15 March 1898) was an English inventor, whose steel-making process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century for almost one hundred years from 1856 to 1950. H ...
by Leslie Ward in the 6 November 1880 issue
File:Joseph Rudyard Kipling, Vanity Fair, 1894-06-07.jpg, Rudyard Kipling
Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( ; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936)''The Times'', (London) 18 January 1936, p. 12. was an English novelist, short-story writer, poet, and journalist. He was born in British India, which inspired much of his work.
...
by "Spy" on 7 June 1894
File:Paul kruger00a.jpg, President Paul Kruger
Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (; 10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904) was a South African politician. He was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South African Republic, South Africa, and President of the So ...
of the South African Republic
The South African Republic ( nl, Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, abbreviated ZAR; af, Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer Republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it ...
by Leslie Ward
Sir Leslie Matthew Ward (21 November 1851 – 15 May 1922) was a British portrait artist and caricaturist who over four decades painted 1,325 portraits which were regularly published by ''Vanity Fair (British magazine), Vanity Fair'', under th ...
in the 8 March 1900 issue
File:Christabel Pankhurst Vanity Fair 15 June 1910.jpg, Suffragette Christabel Pankhurst
Dame Christabel Harriette Pankhurst, (; 22 September 1880 – 13 February 1958) was a British suffragette born in Manchester, England. A co-founder of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), she directed its militant actions from exil ...
in the 15 June 1910 issue
File:Queen Alexandra, Vanity Fair, 1911-06-07.jpg, Queen Alexandra
Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was List of British royal consorts, Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, from 22 January 1901 t ...
(unsigned) in the 7 June 1911 issue
File:William-gillette-sherlock-holmes.jpg, William Gillette
William Hooker Gillette (July 24, 1853 – April 29, 1937) was an American actor-manager, playwright, and stage-manager in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is best remembered for portraying Sherlock Holmes on stage and in a 1916 ...
playing Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes () is a fictional detective created by British author Arthur Conan Doyle. Referring to himself as a " consulting detective" in the stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, deduction, forensic science and ...
, drawn by Leslie Ward
Sir Leslie Matthew Ward (21 November 1851 – 15 May 1922) was a British portrait artist and caricaturist who over four decades painted 1,325 portraits which were regularly published by ''Vanity Fair (British magazine), Vanity Fair'', under th ...
in the 27 February 1907 issue
File:Henrik Ibsen Vanity Fair 1901-12-12.jpg, Henrik Ibsen
Henrik Johan Ibsen (; ; 20 March 1828 – 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright and theatre director. As one of the founders of modernism in theatre, Ibsen is often referred to as "the father of realism" and one of the most influential playw ...
by "Snapp" in the 12 December 1901 issue
File:Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) from Vanity Fair Issue 812, April 1884..jpg, Oscar Wilde
Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular playwrights in London in the early 1890s. He is ...
by Carlo Pellegrini in Issue 812, April 1884
File:Horace Gordon Hutchinson, Vanity Fair, 1890-07-19.jpg, Caricature of golfer Horace Hutchinson
Horatio Gordon "Horace" Hutchinson (16 May 1859 – 27 July 1932) was an English amateur golfer who played in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Hutchinson won the 1886 and 1887 Amateur Championships. He had three top-10 finishes in ...
by Spy
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tangib ...
on 19 July 1890
File:Henry Irving Vanity Fair.jpg, Caricature of Henry Irving
Sir Henry Irving (6 February 1838 – 13 October 1905), christened John Henry Brodribb, sometimes known as J. H. Irving, was an English stage actor in the Victorian era, known as an actor-manager because he took complete responsibility ( ...
in the melodrama '' The Bells'', in the 19 December 1874 issue
File:Pierre and Marie Curie Vanity Fair 1904-12-22.jpg, Caricature of Pierre
Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translation ...
and Marie Curie
Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie ( , , ; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, ; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first ...
in the 22 December 1904 issue
File:WSGilbert by Spy.jpg, W. S. Gilbert
Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (18 November 1836 – 29 May 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator best known for his collaboration with composer Arthur Sullivan, which produced fourteen comic operas. The most f ...
by 'Spy', published on 21 May 1881
Winston Churchill Vanity Fair 1900-09-27.jpg, Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...
by "Spy", 27 September 1900
File:Mark Twain Vanity Fair 1908-05-13.jpeg, Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has p ...
by "Spy" on 13 May 1908
File:Robert Baden-Powell Vanity Fair 19 April 1911.jpg, Captioned "Boy Scouts", Robert Baden-Powell
Lieutenant-General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, ( ; (Commonly pronounced by others as ) 22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) was a British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the worl ...
in the 19 April 1911 issue
See also
*
List of ''Vanity Fair'' artists
*
List of ''Vanity Fair'' caricatures
*
The Rowers of ''Vanity Fair'' Wikibook gives a history of the magazine with focus on sportsmen
References
External links
* .
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vanity Fair (British Magazine)
Weekly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in England
Magazine publishing companies of England
Magazines published in London
Publishing companies based in London
1868 establishments in the United Kingdom
1914 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1868
Magazines disestablished in 1914