[
* '']Afrocanthium
''Afrocanthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of deciduous, unarmed trees, and shrubs. They are native to East Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia to South Africa.
Taxonomy
''Afrocanthium'' was first recognize ...
'' ( Bridson) Lantz & B.Bremer (17 sp)
* '' Bridsonia'' Verstraete & A.E.van Wyk (1 sp)
* '' Bullockia'' ( Bridson) Razafim., Lantz & B.Bremer (6 sp)
* ''Canthium
''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.
Distribution
''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...
'' Lam. (81 sp)
* '' Canthiumera'' K.M.Wong & Mahyuni (4 sp)
* ''Cuviera
''Cuviera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae native to tropical Africa. It was originally described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1807 and is named after the French naturalist Georges Cuvier.
Description
The species fo ...
'' DC.
Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...
(10+6 sp)
* ''Cyclophyllum
''Cyclophyllum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found from New Guinea, Australia and on islands in many parts of the Pacific.
Species
* '' Cyclophyllum baladense'' Guillaumin
* '' Cyclophyllum balansae'' (Baill.) ...
'' Hook.f.
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of ...
(44 sp)
* '' Dibridsonia'' K.M.Wong (3 sp)
* '' Eriosemopsis'' Robyns (1 sp)
* '' Everistia'' S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend. (1 sp)
* ''Fadogia
''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera '' Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.
Distribution
''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. ' ...
'' Schweinf.
Georg August Schweinfurth (29 December 1836 – 19 September 1925) was a Baltic German botanist and ethnologist who explored East Central Africa.
Life and explorations
He was born at Riga, Latvia, then part of the Russian Empire. He was ...
(40 sp)
* '' Fadogiella'' Robyns (3 sp)
* ''Globulostylis
''Globulostylis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It comprises 8 species growing in Central Africa.
Description
The main characters of ''Globulostylis'' are the few-flowered inflorescences with a pair of ...
'' Wernham (8 sp)
* ''Hutchinsonia
''Hutchinsonia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that ...
'' Robyns (2 sp)
* '' Kanapia'' Arriola & Alejandro (2 sp)
* ''Keetia
''Keetia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of climbers or scrambling shrubs, rarely small trees.
Distribution
The genus has a wide distribution area and occurs in tropical and southern Africa.
Taxonomy
It was ...
'' E.Philipps (36 sp)
* '' Meyna'' Roxb.
William Roxburgh FRSE FRCPE FLS (3/29 June 1751 – 18 February 1815) was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. ...
ex Link (9 sp)
* '' Multidentia'' Gilli (10 sp)
* ''Peponidium
''Peponidium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is endemic to Madagascar, except for '' Peponidium ovato-oblongum'' and '' Peponidium venulosum'' that are found on the Comoros, and '' Peponidium carinatum'' and ' ...
'' (Baill.
Henri Ernest Baillon was a French botanist and physician. He was born in Calais on 30 November 1827 and died in Paris on 19 July 1895.
Baillon spent his professional life as a professor of natural history, and he published numerous works on ...
) Arènes (48 sp)
* '' Perakanthus'' Robyns ex Ridl.
Henry Nicholas Ridley CMG (1911), MA (Oxon), FRS, FLS, F.R.H.S. (10 December 1855 – 24 October 1956) was an English botanist, geologist and naturalist who lived much of his life in Singapore. He was instrumental in promoting rubber trees ...
(1 sp)
* ''Plectroniella
''Plectroniella'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Walter Robyns in 1928. The genus contains only one species, i.e. '' Plectroniella armata'', which is found in southern Mozambique and northea ...
'' Robyns (1 sp)
* ''Psydrax
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
'' Gaertn.
Joseph Gaertner (12 March 1732 – 14 July 1791) was a German botanist, best known for his work on seeds, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' (1788-1792).
Biography
He was born in Calw, and studied in Göttingen under Albrecht von Haller ...
(90 sp)
* ''Pygmaeothamnus
''Pygmaeothamnus'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Walter Robyns in 1928 and originally held four species. It is found in central and southern Africa.
Species
* ''Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri
' ...
'' Robyns (1 sp)
* ''Pyrostria
''Pyrostria'' is a genus of dioecious flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Madagascar, others occur on islands in the western Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Comoros, Réunion, Rodrigues, Socotr ...
'' Comm. ex A.Juss. (67 sp)
* ''Robynsia
''Robynsia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by John Hutchinson and was named after his friend and colleague Walter Robyns.Hutchinson, John. 1931. Flora of West Tropical Africa 2: 108 The genu ...
'' Hutch.
John Hutchinson, Officer of the Order of the British Empire, OBE, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (7 April 1884 Blindburn, Northumberland – 2 September 1972 London) was an English botanist, taxonomist and author.''A Botanist in Southern Afric ...
(1 sp)
* ''Rytigynia
''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.
Distribut ...
'' Blume (82 sp)
* '' Temnocalyx'' Robyns (1 sp)
* ''Vangueria
''Vangueria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is named for , as '' V. madagascariensis'' is known in Malagasy.
Distribution
The genus contains over 50 species distributed in Africa south of the Sahara with one ...
'' Juss.
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (; 12 April 1748 – 17 September 1836) was a French botanist, notable as the first to publish a natural classification of flowering plants; much of his system remains in use today. His classification was based on an ...
(58 sp)
* ''Vangueriella
''Vangueriella'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in tropical Africa.
Taxonomy
It was originally described in 1987 by Bernard Verdcourt who transferred species from the ''Vangueriopsis'' subgenus ''Brach ...
'' Verdc. (18 sp)
* ''Vangueriopsis
''Vangueriopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae.
Distribution
The genus is found in central and south tropical Africa ( D.R.Congo to Tanzania and South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa ...
'' Robyns (4 sp)
Synonyms
* ''Ancylanthos
''Ancylanthos'' was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. It was originally described by René Louiche Desfontaines in 1818. In 2005, it was sunk into synonymy with ''Vangueria'', based on a phylogeneti ...
'' Desf. = ''Vangueria
''Vangueria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is named for , as '' V. madagascariensis'' is known in Malagasy.
Distribution
The genus contains over 50 species distributed in Africa south of the Sahara with one ...
''
* ''Clusiophyllea'' Baill.
Henri Ernest Baillon was a French botanist and physician. He was born in Calais on 30 November 1827 and died in Paris on 19 July 1895.
Baillon spent his professional life as a professor of natural history, and he published numerous works on ...
= ''Canthium
''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.
Distribution
''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...
''
* ''Dinocanthium'' Bremek. = ''Pyrostria
''Pyrostria'' is a genus of dioecious flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Madagascar, others occur on islands in the western Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Comoros, Réunion, Rodrigues, Socotr ...
''
* ''Dondisia
''Dondisia'' was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. It has been sunk into synonymy with ''Canthium''. It was originally described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1830.
Former species
* ''Dondisia ...
'' DC.
Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...
= ''Canthium
''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.
Distribution
''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...
''
* ''Lagynias
''Lagynias'' was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. In 2005, it was sunk into synonymy with ''Vangueria'', based on a phylogenetic study of DNA sequence
DNA sequencing is the process of determini ...
'' E.Mey.
Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer (1 January 1791 – 7 August 1858) was a German botanist and botanical historian. Born in Hanover, he lectured in Göttingen and in 1826 became a professor of botany at the University of Königsberg, as well as Dir ...
ex Robyns = ''Vangueria
''Vangueria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is named for , as '' V. madagascariensis'' is known in Malagasy.
Distribution
The genus contains over 50 species distributed in Africa south of the Sahara with one ...
''
* ''Leroya
''Ansistaria'' is a genus of African Thomisidae, crab spiders first described by Danniella Sherwood in 2022. it contains only two species.
References
Thomisidae genera
Taxa described in 2022
{{Thomisidae-stub ...
'' Cavaco = ''Pyrostria
''Pyrostria'' is a genus of dioecious flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Madagascar, others occur on islands in the western Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Comoros, Réunion, Rodrigues, Socotr ...
''
* ''Lycioserissa'' Roem.
Johann Jacob Roemer (8 January 1763, Zurich – 15 January 1819) was a physician and professor of botany in Zurich, Switzerland. He was also an entomologist.
With Austrian botanist Joseph August Schultes, he published the 16th edition of Carl ...
& Schult.
Josef (Joseph) August Schultes (15 April 1773 in Vienna – 21 April 1831 in Landshut) was an Austrian botanist and professor from Vienna. Together with Johann Jacob Roemer (1763–1819), he published the 16th edition of Linnaeus' ''Systema ...
= ''Canthium
''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.
Distribution
''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...
''
* ''Mesoptera'' Hook.f.
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of ...
= ''Psydrax
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
''
* '' Mitrastigma'' Harv. = ''Psydrax
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
''
* '' Neoleroya'' Cavaco = ''Pyrostria
''Pyrostria'' is a genus of dioecious flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Madagascar, others occur on islands in the western Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Comoros, Réunion, Rodrigues, Socotr ...
''
* ''Pachystigma
''Pachystigma'' was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. In 2005, it was sunk into synonymy with ''Vangueria'', based on a phylogenetic study of DNA sequence
DNA sequencing is the process of determ ...
'' Hochst.
Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter (16 February 1787 – 20 February 1860) was a German botanist and Protestant minister.
Biography
Hochstetter was born in Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg. He was the father of geologist Ferdinand H ...
= ''Vangueria
''Vangueria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is named for , as '' V. madagascariensis'' is known in Malagasy.
Distribution
The genus contains over 50 species distributed in Africa south of the Sahara with one ...
''
* ''Phallaria'' Schumach. & Thonn. = ''Psydrax
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
''
* ''Plectronia'' Lour. = ''Canthium
''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.
Distribution
''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...
'', ''Peponidium
''Peponidium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is endemic to Madagascar, except for '' Peponidium ovato-oblongum'' and '' Peponidium venulosum'' that are found on the Comoros, and '' Peponidium carinatum'' and ' ...
'', ''Psydrax
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
''
* '' Pseudopeponidium'' Homolle ex Arènes = ''Pyrostria
''Pyrostria'' is a genus of dioecious flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Madagascar, others occur on islands in the western Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Comoros, Réunion, Rodrigues, Socotr ...
''
* ''Psilostoma'' Klotzsch
Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (9 June 1805 – 5 November 1860) was a German pharmacist and botanist.
His principal work was in the field of mycology, with the study and description of many species of mushroom.
Klotzsch was born in Wittenberg. Origin ...
ex Eckl. & Zeyh.
Karl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher (2 August 1799 Dillenburg, Hessen, Germany – 13 December 1858 Cape Town), was a botanical and insect collector who collected extensively in South Africa. He was the author, with Christian Friedrich Ecklon, of ''Enumera ...
= ''Canthium
''Canthium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.
Distribution
''Canthium'' species are predominantly found in Southeast Asia, espec ...
''
* '' Rhopalobrachium'' Schltr.
Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids.
He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America a ...
& K.Krause = ''Cyclophyllum
''Cyclophyllum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found from New Guinea, Australia and on islands in many parts of the Pacific.
Species
* '' Cyclophyllum baladense'' Guillaumin
* '' Cyclophyllum balansae'' (Baill.) ...
''
* ''Scyphochlamys'' Balf.f.
Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour, KBE, FRS, FRSE (31 March 1853 – 30 November 1922) was a Scottish botanist. He was Regius Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow from 1879 to 1885, Sherardian Professor of Botany at the University of Oxf ...
= ''Pyrostria
''Pyrostria'' is a genus of dioecious flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Madagascar, others occur on islands in the western Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Comoros, Réunion, Rodrigues, Socotr ...
''
* ''Tapiphyllum
''Tapiphyllum'' was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. In 2005, a molecular phylogenetic study showed that the type species, ''Tapiphyllum cinerascens'', is more closely related to ''Vangueria'' than ...
'' Robyns = ''Vangueria
''Vangueria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is named for , as '' V. madagascariensis'' is known in Malagasy.
Distribution
The genus contains over 50 species distributed in Africa south of the Sahara with one ...
''
* ''Vavanga
''Vavanga'' was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. It was originally described by Julius von Röhr in 1792 to accommodate the species ''V. chinensis''. A second species, ''V. edulis'', was added by ...
'' Rohr = ''Vangueria
''Vangueria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is named for , as '' V. madagascariensis'' is known in Malagasy.
Distribution
The genus contains over 50 species distributed in Africa south of the Sahara with one ...
''
Phylogenetic relationships
The following phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...
is based on molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
studies
Study or studies may refer to:
General
* Education
**Higher education
* Clinical trial
* Experiment
* Observational study
* Research
* Study skills, abilities and approaches applied to learning
Other
* Study (art), a drawing or series of drawin ...
of DNA sequence
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Th ...
s.[
]
Image gallery
File:Canthium angustifolium Roxb. 7.JPG, ''Canthium angustifolium
''Canthium angustifolium'', with the common name narrow-leaved canthium, is native to southern tropical Asia.
The large shrub is found in eastern India (including Assam), Bangladesh, and Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunc ...
''
File:Canthium coromandelicum in Keesaraguda, AP W IMG 9056.jpg, ''Canthium coromandelicum
''Canthium coromandelicum'' is a bushy thorny Suffruticosa, suffruticose herb, a native of India found mainly in the Coromandel Coast, Coromandel region.
Description
''Canthium coromandelicum'' is a shrub, usually with opposite horizontal Thorn ...
''
File:Cyclophyllum coprosmoides flowers and foliage.jpg, ''Cyclophyllum coprosmoides
''Cyclophyllum coprosmoides '', also known as Coast Canthium, Supple Jack, and Sweet Susie, is a shrub or tree occurring in eastern Australia. It is commonly seen growing in a variety of different rainforest situations, from Jervis Bay in New Sou ...
''
File:Everistia vacciniifolia var. vacciniifolia flowers.jpg, '' Everistia vacciniifolia''
File:Fadogia homblei01.jpg, ''Fadogia homblei
''Fadogia homblei'' is a 60 cm-tall erect perennial sub-Saharan shrublet with subterranean stems producing unbranched annual shoots, and is one of some 47 species of ''Fadogia'' in the family Rubiaceae. It occurs in Angola, Tanzania, Malaw ...
''
File:False Turkeyberry (Canthium armatum) (16462475912).jpg, ''Plectroniella armata
''Plectroniella'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Walter Robyns in 1928. The genus contains only one species, i.e. '' Plectroniella armata'', which is found in southern Mozambique and northea ...
''
File:Psydrax banksii (8467185479).jpg, ''Psydrax banksii
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
''
File:Psydrax foliage.jpg, ''Psydrax latifolia
''Psydrax'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees, shrubs, and a few lianas in the paleotropics.
Taxonomy
The genus was named by Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in his book, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' ...
''
File:Psydrax livida, bloeiwyses, b, Seringveld.jpg, '' Psydrax livida''
File:Psydrax odorata (5816464018).jpg, ''Psydrax odorata
''Psydrax odorata'', known as ''alahee'' in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It is native to the Pacific Islands, New Guinea and Australia.
Description
The species range from in height, ...
''
File:Vangueria infausta, habitus, a, Pretoria NBT.jpg, ''Vangueria infausta
''Vangueria infausta'', the medlar or African medlar, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae, which is native to the southern and eastern Afrotropics. Some other names for ''V. infausta'' in Southern African languages include mmilo in N ...
''
File:Vangueria infausta, blomme, Schanskop, b.jpg, ''Vangueria infausta
''Vangueria infausta'', the medlar or African medlar, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae, which is native to the southern and eastern Afrotropics. Some other names for ''V. infausta'' in Southern African languages include mmilo in N ...
''
File:Vangueria infausta, groen vrugte, Faerie Glen NR.jpg, ''Vangueria infausta
''Vangueria infausta'', the medlar or African medlar, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae, which is native to the southern and eastern Afrotropics. Some other names for ''V. infausta'' in Southern African languages include mmilo in N ...
''
File:Vangueria parvifolia, vrug, Walter Sisulu NBT.jpg, '' Vangueria parvifolia''
File:Vangueria macrocalyx, b, Skeerpoort.jpg, '' Vangueria macrocalyx''
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3595854
Ixoroideae tribes