The Vandeae is a large
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
within the family of
orchids
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...
.
Scope
This tribe contains 1,700 - 2,000 species in more than 150 genera.
Epiphytic
These orchids are pantropical
epiphyte
An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...
s and occur in tropical Asia, the Pacific Islands, Australia and Africa. Many of these orchids are
horticulturally important, especially ''
Vanda
''Vanda'', abbreviated in the horticultural trade as ''V.,'' is a genus in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. There are about 87 species, and the genus is commonly cultivated for the marketplace. This genus and its allies are considered to be among ...
'' and ''
Phalaenopsis
''Phalaenopsis'' (), also known as moth orchids, is a genus of about seventy species of plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are monopodial epiphytes or lithophytes with long, coarse roots, short, leafy stems and long-lasting ...
''.
Subtribes
This tribe is subdivided into four subtribes:
[Simo-Droissart, M., Plunkett, G. M., Droissart, V., Edwards, M. B., Farminhão, J. N., Ječmenica, V., ... & Stévart, T. (2018)]
"New phylogenetic insights toward developing a natural generic classification of African angraecoid orchids (Vandeae, Orchidaceae)."
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 126, 241-249.
*Subtribe
Adrorhizinae
*Subtribe
Aeridinae
In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer (formerly Sarcanthinae) is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae (Family Orchidaceae) whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.
This subtribe ...
(formerly, illegitimate subtribal name Sarcanthinae): largest subtribe with more than 1,000 species in 103 genera, including about 200 hybrid species; occurs mostly in Asia and Australia and with a few in Africa. They are distinguished from the other subtribes by having an entire
rostellum
The rostellum is a projecting part of the column in Orchidaceae flowers, and separates the male androecium from the female gynoecium, commonly preventing self-fertilisation. In many orchids, such as '' Orchis mascula'', the pollinia or pollen ma ...
, a relatively small
spur
A spur is a metal tool designed to be worn in pairs on the heels of riding boots for the purpose of directing a horse or other animal to move forward or laterally while riding. It is usually used to refine the riding aids (commands) and to back ...
formed by the lip, and four (or two)
pollinia A pollinium (plural pollinia) is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant that are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of mil ...
.
*Subtribe
Angraecinae Summerh.: about 400 species in 19 genera. They occur in tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene and Comoros Islands and two genera in tropical America. They are distinguished from the other subtribes by having an apron-like rostellum, an elongate spur, and two pollinia.
*Subtribe
Polystachyinae (formerly part of the Epidendreae) : about 220 species in two genera : ''
Hederorkis
''Hederorkis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, both native to islands in the Indian Ocean (Seychelles and Mauritius).
Description
As opposed to ''Polystachya'' (the largest gen ...
'' and ''
Polystachya''. They all show four pollinia. The lip often has mealy hairs called pseudopollen on the upper surface.
The following phylogenetic tree shows the relationships among the subtribes:
The subtribe
Aerangidinae Summerh. is increasingly included within Angraecinae. The subtribe Angraecinae is a well supported, monophyletic group under the inclusion of Aerangidinae. Separating these groups would make them polyphyletic.
[Carlsward, B. S., Whitten, W. M., Williams, N. H., & Bytebier, B. (2006)]
"Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness."
American Journal of Botany, 93(5), 770-786.
Gallery
See also
*
Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae
The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae (orchid family) has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recognized eight genera.Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné). 1753. ''Species Plantarum'', 1st edition, vol. 2, pag ...
References
*Cameron et al., A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Orchidaceae: Evidence from rbcL Nucleotide Sequences, American Journal of Botany 86(2): 208-224 (1999)
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2537272
Epidendroideae tribes