The Valvulinidae is a family of
Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...
to recent
benthic
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from ancient Greek, βένθος (bénthos), meaning "t ...
textulariid Foraminifera characterized by trochospiral tests in the early stage which may become uniserial in the later. Walls are of cemented agglutinated material and have cavities created by micro-tubules, i.e. are canaliculate. Apertures have a valvular tooth or flap, at least in early stage, but may become multiple and areal in the later stage.
Three subfamilies have been defined, the
Valvulininae,
Siphobigenerininae, and
Tritaxilininae.
References
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{{Taxonbar, from=Q7912855
Foraminifera families
Globothalamea