Valle Crucis Episcopal Mission, also known as Valle Crucis Conference Center, is a historic
Episcopal
Episcopal may refer to:
*Of or relating to a bishop, an overseer in the Christian church
*Episcopate, the see of a bishop – a diocese
*Episcopal Church (disambiguation), any church with "Episcopal" in its name
** Episcopal Church (United State ...
historic district
A historic district or heritage district is a section of a city which contains older buildings considered valuable for historical or architectural reasons. In some countries or jurisdictions, historic districts receive legal protection from c ...
Gothic Revival
Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...
style, gable-front stone Church of the Holy Cross was built about 1924. Other contributing resources are the church cemetery with the earliest burial dated to 1808, Auchmutv Hall
dormitory
A dormitory (originated from the Latin word ''dormitorium'', often abbreviated to dorm) is a building primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people such as boarding school, high school, college or university s ...
(1910-1911), The Annex (c. 1920), "The Farm House" (1915), Former Dairy Barn (now "The Apple Barn", 1903-1911), Former Apple Barn (now "The Bunk House", 1914), The Mission House (1896), the Power Dam (1903-1930), the Valley / Field, and the Apple Orchard. The Valle Crucis Episcopal Mission was established by the Episcopal Church in 1844-1845.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It is located in the
Valle Crucis Historic District
Valle Crucis Historic District is a national historic district located at Valle Crucis, Watauga County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 50 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 7 contributing structures in the central busi ...
.
Order of the Holy Cross
Bishop
Levi Silliman Ives
Levi Silliman Ives (September 16, 1797 – October 13, 1867) was an American theologian and Episcopal bishop of North Carolina. In 1852, he converted to Roman Catholicism. Ives subsequently became a noted professor at colleges in the New York ...
of the Episcopal
Diocese of North Carolina
The Episcopal Diocese of North Carolina is a diocese of the Episcopal Church within Province IV that encompasses central North Carolina. Founded in 1817, the modern boundaries of the diocese roughly corresponds to the portion of North Caroli ...
founded a religious community called the Brotherhood of the Holy Cross, at Valle Crucis in 1842. He had become more attracted to Roman Catholic teachings through the
Oxford Movement
The Oxford Movement was a movement of high church members of the Church of England which began in the 1830s and eventually developed into Anglo-Catholicism. The movement, whose original devotees were mostly associated with the University of O ...
in the Anglican Church. He wanted to form a monastery for Episcopalian men following the rule of St. Benedict in the Roman church. "So warm was the advocacy of the Oxford theories by Bishop Ives that he was arraigned for them before the convention of the Episcopal Church. His explanations were accepted for a time, but the "Brotherhood of the Holy Cross" was dissolved."
"There had been a slight abortive attempt at forming an American Order, under Bishop Ives, at Valle Crucis, North Carolina. But it had come to nothing."
The Rev. William Glenny French was the first Superior of the Order of the Holy Cross. Father William established a rigorous schedule for everyone in the order. Religious services were held three times a day, and each man and boy were required to do two hours of manual labor a day. He also worked as a missionary to the local mountain communities, holding services and sacraments to both the free and the slave populations. However, the practices of private confession and absolution were considered highly objectionable to the Episcopal practices of the day, and the society was abolished in 1849.Hughes, I. Harding Valle Crucis: A History of an Uncommon Place alle Crucis, NC I.H. Hughes, 1995. Pages 46-47.
William West Skiles
William West Skiles (1807–1862) was an American missionary, a Deacon in the Episcopal Church, and a teacher and community leader. He helped to found the community of Valle Crucis, North Carolina and to establish the church and missionary ...
, a brother and deacon, helped start the religious community at Valle Crucis.
Church of the Holy Cross
The cornerstone of the Church of the Holy Cross was laid in 1924. The parquet floor was part of the original building, and was made from the end pieces of 2x4's and three inches deep. Each piece was dovetailed to interlock and to fit into a subfloor. There is nothing similar to this anywhere else in the Valley. The "Skiles Altar" is a Dutch cupboard that is hand carved with suitable inscriptions in honor of
William West Skiles
William West Skiles (1807–1862) was an American missionary, a Deacon in the Episcopal Church, and a teacher and community leader. He helped to found the community of Valle Crucis, North Carolina and to establish the church and missionary ...
, a missionary brother of the Order of the Holy Cross. The altar was given in his memory by the Order of the Holy Cross in the 1950s or 1960s.
Chapel of St. Anthony
The Chapel of St Anthony is between the four hermitages at the Valle Crucis. These Hermitage (religious retreat) are small cabins designed for individuals desiring temporary renewal and reflection, and are open to artists, writers, educators and people of many faith backgrounds. The hermitages and the chapel create a small, isolated community separate from the rest of the mission, and the chapel has a hickory floor, a hand hewn altar, and local and custom artwork adorn the walls. The chapel is designed to facilitate quiet prayer, contemplation and spiritual direction.
School
As part of the Episcopal mission, a classical and theological school was established for the local children, including not only academic subjects but agricultural ones as well. The school was named the Classical and Agricultural School, and was the first one in the state to teach practical agriculture. One section of the school prepared boys for the ministry, and included at least one black man, William Alston, as a student, who finished in 1850, and went on to become an ordained minister in Philadelphia and New York.
The school closed in 1850 as the mission was abandoned. But in 1895, under Bishop Joseph Blount Cheshire and the Rev. Milor Jones, the school was reopened with an eight-room, two story Mission House, which housed a teacher, another mission worker, and several boarding school students. The school continued to the 1990s, and boarded girls who learned home skills of milking, making butter, cooking, weaving, laundry work, sewing and embroidery. Boys attended day classes, and the student population increased by 1900 to one hundred, about half boys and half girls. Later on, Bishop
Junius Horner
Junius Moore Horner (July 7, 1859 – April 5, 1933) was the first bishop of the Diocese of Western North Carolina in The Episcopal Church.
Early life and education
Horner was born on July 7, 1859, in Oxford, North Carolina, the son of James Hu ...
insisted that the school operate a farm to support the mission. He acquired 525 acres of more land for the mission and he said that the school was "intended for the class of boys and girls who cannot take advantage of more expensive schools." By 1906 over a thousand fowls were raised in the chicken coops, and over a hundred acres were devoted to apple trees.
Valle Crucis, Shawneehaw and Elk Park Turnpike
The Valle Crucis, Shaneehaw and Elk Park Turnpike was built as a private toll road between 1891 and 1892, using only hand labor and without machinery. A particular four mile section is noted for its winding curves from the Valle Crucis Elementary School to Banner Elk, North Carolina, and for its scenic beauty. Today, the older roadbed is part of
North Carolina Highway 194
North Carolina Highway 194 (NC 194) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Entirely in the High Country, it runs from US 19E, in Ingalls, to the Virginia state line, near Helton.
Route description
The natu ...
* Bumgardner, Jim. All the Vales Rejoice. lowing Rock, N.C.t. Mary's of the Hills 1991. Notes: Notes: A capella music used in Anglican worship services. Performer(s): Performed by the choir of St. Mary's of the Hills ; choir director, Jim Bumgardner. Event notes: Recorded live at St. John's Episcopal Church, Valle Crucis, N.C., November 1991. Description: 1 audiocassette: analog, Dolby processed. Contents: Victimae pachali laudes—O Lord, the maker of all thing—Lord, for thy tender mercies sake—O Lord, give thy holy spirit—If ye love me—Purge me, oh Lord—Call to remembrance—da Palestrina—O bone Jesu—da Palestrina: Sicut Cervus—Ave verum corpus—Kyrie and Agnus dei—Cantate domino—Almighty and everlasting God—Thou knowest, Lord—Miserere mei—Ubi caritas—A grace—The lamb.
* Clyde, Sharon Watauga County, North Carolina: Including Its History, the Valle Crucis Episcopal Mission lace of publication not identified Earth Eyes Travel Guides, 2012.
* Cobb, David Cleopas Transforming Communities: The Formation of Monastic Communities in the 19th Century and Episcopal Service Corps Houses in the 21st Century Thesis (D. Min.)--University of the South, 2017, 2017.
* French, William Glenney, and H. Glenney French History of the Order of the Holy Cross at Valle Crucis, North Carolina Under Right Rev. Levi Silliman Ives, 1847-1851 1911. Notes: History, 1847-1850, of the Episcopal Order of the Holy Cross's combined monastery, divinity school, training school for boys, and mountain mission at Valle Crucis, Watauga County, N.C., written by its first Superior. Included are copies of letters and diary entries, 1833-1858, added by French's son, H. Glenney (Horatio Glenney) French, ca. 1911.
* Gooding family. William L. Horner Collection Gooding Family Papers 1799. Notes: Collection consists primarily of correspondence and financial records. The bulk of the correspondence concerns the Confederacy and troop maneuvers in the Shenandoah Valley area of western Virginia, eastern North Carolina, and Georgia. Letters describe the disillusionment of soldiers, camp life, the occupation and administration of New Bern by Union forces, scarcity of goods, duty at Fort Holmes, soldier desertion, General William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea," Union Army's attack on Atlanta and Savannah, and the Confederacy during Sherman's Carolina Campaign of 1865. Other correspondence concerns the Gooding family and their business affairs, including letters from Edward Stanley; the spread of illnesses such as influenza, whopping cough, and typhoid fever; and the Episcopal Seminary of Valle Crucis in western North Carolina. Contains Civil War records, including a list of African American men on board the U.S. steamer COSSACK, a list of soldiers issued supplies, and a copy of "The Proclamation made by the Union Government at New Bern." Legal records concern runaway slaves, R.J. Gooding's will, and the Gooding pharmaceutical business. Land records describe the purchase and sale of land by the Gooding family. Financial records include promissory notes, account ledgers, sale inventories, a list of taxable property, and purchase receipts.
* Horner, Junius M Southern Appalachian Highlanders Time Period of Item: 1927. Penland School of Crafts, n.d. Summary: This illustrated pamphlet was designed to encourage donations to support the work of Episcopal missions in Western North Carolina. Published by the Episcopal Diocese of Western North Carolina in 1927, the pamphlet gives brief descriptions of the mission work being done in the Appalachian School (Penland, N.C.), Valle Crucis School (Valle Crucis, N.C.), Christ School (Arden, N.C.), and Patterson School (Patterson or Lenoir, N.C.) during the 1920s. The pamphlet was written by the Right Reverend Junius Moore Horner (1859-1933), bishop of the Diocese of Western North Carolina. From 1923 to 1938 the Appalachian School served as the umbrella institution under which the Penland Weavers and Potters were organized and the Penland School of Handicrafts (now Penland School of Crafts) was established.
* Hughes, I. Harding Valle Crucis: A History of an Uncommon Place alle Crucis, NC I.H. Hughes, 1995.
* Hughson, Walter The Church's Mission to the Mountaineers of the South Hartford, Conn: Church Missions Pub. Co, 1908.
* McCracken, Elizabeth Western North Carolina Trains Youth 1938. Notes: "A series of articles on the church schools in the Diocese of Western Carolina, which appeared in The spirit of missions for June–September, 1938." Description: 16 pages: illustrations, portraits; 24 cm. Contents: The Appalachian School at Penland, staffed by devoted missionaries, prepares its pupils for Christian living—Girls school at Valle Crucis steadfast to ideal of mission begun nearly a century ago in the Vale of the Cross—The Patterson School at Legerwood teaches boys lessons of eternal verity including value of the land. Responsibility: by Elizabeth McCracken, literary editor of The living church and editorial correspondent of The spirit of missions.
* Oxford, Scott Alexander Maturing in the Spirit: Spiritual Development at Church of the Holy Cross, Valle Crucis 1994.
* Richardson, Katherine H. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Valle Crucis Episcopal Mission (Valle Crucis Conference Center) 1993.
* Skiles, William West, and Susan Fenimore Cooper A Sketch of Missionary Life at Valle Crucis in Western North Carolina 1842-1862 New York: James Pott & Co, 1992.
* Valle Crucis Mission School (N.C.) Valle Crucis Mission School Collection 1895. Notes: Collection #127. Collection was arranged by a student intern and staff archivist.
* Valle Crucis Summer School for Religious Education Valle Crucis Summer School for Religious Education, July 5th-17th alle Crucis, N.C.ummer School for Religious Education 1926. Notes: Announcement for the 1926 summer school session, including list of executive committee and instructors, rates, dates, and mission statement.
* Wright, Lewis. 1997 "The Church of the Holy Cross Valle Crucis, North Carolina" Anglican and Episcopal History. 66, no. 4: 564-569.