''Valeriana'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the
garden valerian
Valerian (''Valeriana officinalis'', Caprifoliaceae) is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia. In the summer when the mature plant may have a height of , it bears sweetly scented pink or white flowers that attract many fly specie ...
, ''Valeriana officinalis''. Species are native to all continents except Antarctica, with centers of diversity in Eurasia and South America (especially in the Andes).
Fossil record
Fossil seeds of ''Valeriana sp,'' among them †''Valeriana pliocenica'', have been recovered from Late Miocene deposits of southern Ukraine, from Pliocene deposits of south-eastern Belarus and Bashkortostan in central Russia. The fossil seeds are most similar to the extant European ''Valeriana simplicifolia''.
Species
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Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
accepts over 420 species and hybrids, including:
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Valeriana alypifolia
''Valeriana alypifolia'' is a species of plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses ...
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Valeriana aretioides
''Valeriana aretioides'' is a species of plant in the family Valerianaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses ...
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Valeriana asterothrix
''Valeriana asterothrix'' is a species of plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpin ...
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Valeriana bertiscea
''Valeriana'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, ''Valeriana officinalis''. Species are native to all contine ...
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Valeriana buxifolia
''Valeriana buxifolia'' is a species of plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland
A grassland ...
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Valeriana californica
''Valeriana californica'' is a species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family known by the common name California valerian. It is native to Oregon, northeastern California, and Nevada, where it occurs in moist, forested mountain habitat. It ...
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Valeriana celtica
''Valeriana celtica'' is a species of plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is also known as Alpine valerian and valerian spikenard. It is endemic to the Eastern Alps (''V. celtica'' subsp. ''norica'') and to the Graian and Pennine Alps. It ...
'' (Alpine valerian or valerian spikenard)
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Valeriana cernua
''Valeriana cernua'' is a species of plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Po ...
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Valeriana coleophylla
''Valeriana coleophylla'' is a species of plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland
Shrubland, scru ...
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Valeriana dioica
''Valeriana dioica'', the marsh valerian, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Valeriana
''Valeriana'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many ...
'' (marsh valerian)
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Valeriana edulis
''Valeriana edulis'', the tobacco root or edible valerian, a species in the family Caprifoliaceae, is a dioecious perennial flowering plant native to western and central North America. Despite its common name, tobacco root is not closely relate ...
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Valeriana fauriei
''Valeriana'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, ''Valeriana officinalis''. Species are native to all contine ...
'' (Korean valerian)
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Valeriana montana
''Valeriana'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, ''Valeriana officinalis''. Species are native to all contine ...
Valeriana officinalis
Valerian (''Valeriana officinalis'', Caprifoliaceae) is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia. In the summer when the mature plant may have a height of , it bears sweetly scented pink or white flowers that attract many fly specie ...
'' (garden valerian)
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Valeriana pauciflora
''Valeriana pauciflora'', commonly called the largeflower valerian, is a flowering plant species in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is native to the Eastern United States, where it is found in the regions of the Interior Low Plateau, the Ohio Riv ...
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Valeriana pyrenaica
''Valeriana'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, ''Valeriana officinalis''. Species are native to all continen ...
'' (Pyrenean valerian)
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Valeriana secunda
''Valeriana secunda'' is a species of plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses ( ...
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Valeriana sitchensis
''Valeriana sitchensis'' is a species of valerian known by the common name Sitka valerian. It is native to northwestern North America from Alaska and northern Canada to Montana to northern California, where it grows in many types of habitat, inc ...
'' (Sitka valerian)
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Valeriana uliginosa
''Valeriana'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians. It contains many species, including the garden valerian, ''Valeriana officinalis''. Species are native to all continen ...
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Gallery
File:60 Valeriana officinalis.jpg, ''
Valeriana officinalis
Valerian (''Valeriana officinalis'', Caprifoliaceae) is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia. In the summer when the mature plant may have a height of , it bears sweetly scented pink or white flowers that attract many fly specie ...