Proto-oncogene vav is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''VAV1''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...

Function

The protein encoded by this

proto-oncogene An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels.

is a member of the Dbl family of

guanine nucleotide exchange factor Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are proteins or protein domains that activate monomeric GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). A variety of unrelated structu ...

s (GEF) for the Rho family of GTP binding proteins. The protein is important in

hematopoiesis Haematopoiesis (, from Greek , 'blood' and 'to make'; also hematopoiesis in American English; sometimes also h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. ...

, playing a role in

T-cell A T cell is a type of lymphocyte. T cells are one of the important white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell rec ...

and

B-cell B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system. B cells produce antibody molecules which may be either secreted o ...

development and activation. This particular GEF has been identified as the specific binding partner of Nef proteins from

HIV-1 The subtypes of HIV include two major types, HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). HIV-1 is related to viruses found in chimpanzees and gorillas living in western Africa, while HIV-2 viruses are related to viruses found in the sooty mangabey ...

. Coexpression and binding of these partners initiates profound morphological changes, cytoskeletal rearrangements and the JNK/SAPK signaling cascade, leading to increased levels of viral transcription and replication.

Interactions

VAV1 has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...

with: *

ARHGDIB Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGDIB'' gene. Aliases of this gene include ''RhoGDI2'', ''GDID4'', ''Rho GDI 2'', and others. Interactions ARHGDIB has been shown to interact with VAV1 and Src ...

, *

Abl gene Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 also known as ABL1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ''ABL1'' gene (previous symbol ''ABL'') located on chromosome 9. c-Abl is sometimes used to refer to the version of the gene found within the mammalian ...

, *

Cbl gene ''Cbl'' (named after Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma) is a mammalian gene encoding the protein CBL which is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination. Mutations to this gene have been implicated in a numbe ...

EZH2 Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme ( EC 2.1.1.43) encoded by gene, that participates in histone methylation and, ultimately, transcriptional repression. EZH2 catalyzes the addition of methyl groups ...

, * Grb2, *

JAK2 Janus kinase 2 (commonly called JAK2) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. It is a member of the Janus kinase family and has been implicated in signaling by members of the type II cytokine receptor family (e.g. interferon receptors), the GM-CSF rec ...

, *

Ku70 Ku70 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ''XRCC6'' gene. Function Together, Ku70 and Ku80 make up the Ku heterodimer, which binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of ...

, *

LAT Lat or LAT may refer to: Places * Lat, Fuman, village in Gilan Province, Iran * Lat, Rasht, village in Gilan Province, Iran * Lat, Mazandaran, village in Iran * Lat-e Disar, village in Mazandaran Province, Iran * Lat, Qazvin, village in I ...

, * LCP2, *

MAPK1 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, (MAPK 1), also known as ERK2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracel ...

, *

PIK3R1 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PIK3R1'' gene. Function Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase phosphorylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol at the 3-prime position. The e ...

, *

PLCG1 Phospholipase C, gamma 1, also known as PLCG1,is a protein that in humans involved in cell growth, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. It is encoded by the ''PLCG1'' gene and is part of the PLC superfamily. Function PLCγ1 is a cell grow ...

, *

PRKCQ Protein kinase C theta (PKC-θ) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PRKCQ'' gene. PKC-θ, a member of serine/threonine kinases, is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells with high levels in platelets and T lymphocytes, where plays a r ...

, *

S100B S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a protein of the S-100 protein family. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cyc ...

, * SHB, *

SIAH2 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIAH2'' gene. Function This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) family. The protein is an E3 ligase and is involved ...

, and *

Syk Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK, also known as spleen tyrosine kinase, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the ''SYK'' gene. Function SYK, along with ZAP70, is a member of the Syk family of tyrosine kinases. These cytoplasmic non-receptor t ...

Function

Interactions

References

Further reading