Vladimir Emmanuilovich Grabar (10 (22) January 1865, Vienna — 26 November 1956, Моscow) — was a Russian and Soviet jurist. The brother of painter

Igor Grabar Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar (russian: И́горь Эммануи́лович Граба́рь, 25 March 1871 in Budapest – 16 May 1960 in Moscow) was a Russian post-impressionism, post-impressionist painter, publisher, restorer and historian ...

, and the husband of philologue and translator Maria Grabar-Passek. He is one of the leading specialists in international law of the pre-revolutionary and post-Revolutionary

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

period. Grabar was held a number of leading posts during his impressive and broad career, including: professor of

international law International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for ...

, academician, dean, legal advisor to the

Imperial Russian The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The ...

government and the Soviet state, internationally recognized jurist and

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the stu ...

. His academic and professional career encompassed the last decades of the Russian empire and the first four decades of the Soviet period. His most notable work on the history of international law in Russia (1647-1917) guaranteed a visible place not only in the Russian legal academy but also abroad.

Early life

Grabar was born on 10/22 January 1865 in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

at a home located on Währinger Hauptstrasse, 214, during the rise of European national movements. Grabar's maternal grandfather (Adolf Dobryansky) was one of the leaders of the Carpatho-Rusyns, striving for incorporation of Galician Ruthenia (

East Galicia Eastern Galicia ( uk, Східна Галичина, Skhidna Galychyna, pl, Galicja Wschodnia, german: Ostgalizien) is a geographical region in Western Ukraine (present day oblasts of Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil), having also essential ...

, Carpathian Ruthenia and

Bukovina Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter BergerT ...

) into a unified Russian empire. Dobryansky gave all of his children and grandchildren Russian names, Olga, Vladimir and Igor. Grabar's parents devoted themselves to revolutionary work and were persecuted by the

Austro-Hungarian Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

authorities (see The Case of Olga Grabar). His father, Emanuel Ivanovich Grabar ( - 1910)- was a volunteer in the militia of

Lajos Kossuth Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (, hu, udvardi és kossuthfalvi Kossuth Lajos, sk, Ľudovít Košút, anglicised as Louis Kossuth; 19 September 1802 – 20 March 1894) was a Hungarian nobleman, lawyer, journalist, poli ...

. Thereafter, Emanuel Grabar obtained a legal education in the Hungarian University at Pest and was admitted to the bar. In 1869, he was elected as a deputy to the Hungarian parliament to represent the Hungarian-Russian district of

Máramaros County Máramaros County (german: Komitat Maramuresch; hu, Máramaros vármegye; la, Comitatus Maramarosiensis; ro, Comitatul Maramureș; rue, Комітат Марамарош; uk, Kомітат Мармарош; ) was an administrative county (c ...

. For some time, Emanuel Grabar published the satirical journal ''The Owl'' «Сова», successfully publishing six editions prior to being censored and abolished by the government. The persecution led to the family's emigration in 1871. At first the family immigrated to Italy, where over the course of three years the children had a personal tutor in the form of a patriarch Terletsky, serving the colony of

Carpathian The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches ...

emigrants. Afterwards, the family immigrated along with the colony to

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

. In 1876, Emanuel Grabar arrived in Russia and began teaching under the

pseudonym A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...

Khrabrov (Храбров), specializing in modern languages, first in Egorevsk, then in Ryazan, followed by Izmail, and finally

Tartu Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after the Northern European country's political and financial capital, Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 91,407 (as of 2021). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of ...

(1893–1918), where he was appointed the deputy rector of the university.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grabar, Vladimir 1865 births 1956 deaths Burials at Vagankovo Cemetery 20th-century jurists Imperial Moscow University alumni University of Tartu faculty Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Russian jurists Soviet jurists

Early life

See also

References