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Upselling is a sales technique where a seller invites the
customer In sales, commerce, and economics, a customer (sometimes known as a client, buyer, or purchaser) is the recipient of a good, service, product or an idea - obtained from a seller, vendor, or supplier via a financial transaction or exchange for ...
to purchase more expensive items, upgrades, or other add-ons to generate more revenue. While it usually involves marketing more profitable services or
product Product may refer to: Business * Product (business), an item that serves as a solution to a specific consumer problem. * Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution Mathematics * Produ ...
s, it can be simply exposing the customer to other options that were perhaps not considered. (A different technique is
cross-selling Cross-selling is a sales technique involving the selling of an additional product or service to an existing customer. In practice, businesses define cross-selling in many different ways. Elements that might influence the definition might includ ...
in which a seller tries to sell something else.) In practice, large businesses usually combine upselling and
cross-selling Cross-selling is a sales technique involving the selling of an additional product or service to an existing customer. In practice, businesses define cross-selling in many different ways. Elements that might influence the definition might includ ...
to maximize revenue.


Upselling vs cross-selling

Upselling is the practice in which a business tries to motivate customers to purchase a higher-end product, an upgrade, or an additional item in order to make a more profitable sale. For instance, a salesperson may influence a customer into purchasing the newest version of an item, rather than the less-expensive current model, by pointing out its additional features. A similar marketing technique is
cross-selling Cross-selling is a sales technique involving the selling of an additional product or service to an existing customer. In practice, businesses define cross-selling in many different ways. Elements that might influence the definition might includ ...
, where the salesperson suggests the purchase of additional products for sale. For example, he might say "Would you like some ice cream to go with that cake?" Both techniques increase profits for businesses, but research has shown that upselling is generally more effective than cross-selling.


Examples

* Selling an extended service contract for an appliance * Suggesting that a customer opt for higher specifications in a new computer * Selling
luxury Luxury may refer to: * Luxury goods, an economic good or service for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises *Luxury tax, tax on products not considered essential, such as expensive cars **Luxury tax (sports), surcharge pu ...
options on a vehicle, such as
leather Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ...
upholstery * Suggesting that a customer purchase a more extensive car wash package * Asking the customer to choose a larger meal size at a fast-food restaurant * Offering a pair of similar, but more expensive sneakers from the new collection * Suggesting additional work on a car after a "multi-point inspection"


Techniques

Upselling techniques work by satisfying the needs of the customer completely- or exceeding them. Many companies teach their employees to upsell products and services and offer incentives and bonuses to the most successful personnel. Giving a customer a time bound offer. Tell them why availing it in this particular period could be beneficial. Creating a feeling of urgency is another technique for upselling. A common technique for successful upsellers is becoming aware of a customer's background, budget and other budgets, allowing the upsellers to understand better what that particular purchaser values, or may come to value. Another way of upselling is by creating fear over the durability of the purchase, particularly effective on expensive items such as electronics, where an
extended warranty An extended warranty, sometimes called a service agreement, a service contract, or a maintenance agreement, is a prolonged warranty offered to consumers in addition to the standard warranty on new items. The extended warranty may be offered by the ...
can offer peace of mind.


Overlap with cross-selling and add-on sales

It can be hard to divorce all three techniques from each other, given that the difference in each technique is minor. All techniques adopted and effectively practiced within firms are important strategies that are used for increasing revenues among current customers. An add on sale can simply be defined as a sale of additional goods or services to a buyer. In practice an add-on sale can be seen in a retail scenario; a customer could be buying a suit for a new job after the sizes and colors are to the customers' satisfaction the seller would assume that they would also need shoes, socks, a waistcoat, and a belt to go with. This is a sales technique whereby the seller is trying to encourage or persuade the customer to buy something extra, that may or may not be more expensive, but will still bring up the total amount of the sale. An add on sale is much simpler than a cross-sell or an upsell, because the new item that the seller is exposing the buyer to may cost less than the product they are purchasing; however, the downfall of this technique is that saying “no” to the product being presented is more frequent. Usually two for one deals or “buy one pair and get the second pair half price” deals are the most common ways to transition your sale to that of an add on. From a customer's point of view, adding on can be seen as the seller trying to make the buyer spend more money to bring up the point of the sale. This is why adding on can be difficult, familiarity and relevance of suggestions is important, the seller wants to make sure that the items being shown still match the customers’ initial thoughts and ideas. If they do not there is a high chance of losing the sale. As told in the Journal of Relationship marketing by Kamatura Wagner cross-selling is valuable selling technique used by salespeople to increase the sale by transforming single product buyers to multi-product buyers. Cross-selling is a technique by which the seller will attempt to increase the value of a sale by suggesting an accompanying product. Suggesting related products or services to a customer who is considering buying something. Cross-selling is mostly seen in restaurants or fast food joints, the terms “would you like fries with that?” or “would you like to up-size your order?” are examples of the cross-selling technique. Cross-selling can be most effective when a customer is requiring assistance – where they come to the seller for the purpose of cross-selling. Since the customer has initiated the sale, the mindset would have already been on the firm and its products. This would make it easier for the salesperson to conduct the technique and have it be successful. An example of an over the phone cross-sell could be that a customer has just switched banks and is getting her account set up with her new bank. After the account is created the bank teller would offer her the cross-sell of signing up to their internet banking app that would allow her to access her account details and pay her accounts online. If cross-selling is properly done, it will be viewed as a service, rather than a sales pitch. A downside to cross-selling can be seen as the same as that of upselling. This main drawback is known as “over-touching” the customer which in simpler terms means, giving too many cross-selling options can result in the customer ignoring the efforts given and can desensitize the customer to future cross-selling offers.


Ethics

When upselling for higher cost items or add ons to customers for goods and services it is advised not to push the sale as it may become
unethical Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns ma ...
. There have been cases where pushing a sale onto customers have caused legal problems, as some retailers may use confusing terms or say half-truths to sell products while the customer is unaware of this happening. In New Zealand, the "Consumer Guarantees Act of 1993" states that if the customer is unhappy with the goods or services rendered, they are entitled to a refund, or the business in question must compensate them for their troubles.


See also

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Bait and switch Bait-and-switch is a form of fraud used in retail sales but also employed in other contexts. First, customers are "baited" by merchants' advertising products or services at a low price, but when customers visit the store, they discover that the ...
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Choice architecture Choice architecture is the design of different ways in which choices can be presented to decision makers, and the impact of that presentation on decision-making. For example, each of the following: * the number of choices presented * the manner i ...
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Contract of sale A contract of sale, sales contract, sales order, or contract for sale is a legal contract for the purchase of assets (goods or property) by a buyer (or purchaser) from a seller (or vendor) for an agreed upon value in money (or money equivalent). ...
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Cross-selling Cross-selling is a sales technique involving the selling of an additional product or service to an existing customer. In practice, businesses define cross-selling in many different ways. Elements that might influence the definition might includ ...
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Downloadable content Downloadable content (DLC) is additional content created for an already released video game, distributed through the Internet by the game's publisher. It can either be added for no extra cost or it can be a form of video game monetization, enablin ...
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Freemium Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium," is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services, or virtual (online) or physical (o ...
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Fraud In law, fraud is intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud or recover monetary compens ...
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Marketing Marketing is the process of exploring, creating, and delivering value to meet the needs of a target market in terms of goods and services; potentially including selection of a target audience; selection of certain attributes or themes to emph ...
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Permission marketing Permission marketing is a type of advertising in which the people who are supposed to see the ads can choose whether or not to get them. This marketing type is becoming quite popular in digital marketing these days. Seth Godin first introduced th ...
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Promotion Promotion may refer to: Marketing * Promotion (marketing), one of the four marketing mix elements, comprising any type of marketing communication used to inform or persuade target audiences of the relative merits of a product, service, brand or i ...
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Sales Sales are activities related to selling or the number of goods sold in a given targeted time period. The delivery of a service for a cost is also considered a sale. The seller, or the provider of the goods or services, completes a sale in r ...
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Selling technique Sales are activities related to selling or the number of goods sold in a given targeted time period. The delivery of a service for a cost is also considered a sale. The seller, or the provider of the goods or services, completes a sale in r ...
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Value added selling Value added selling is one of several sales techniques that relies on building on the inherent value of a product or service. By its nature the value add technique is a more flexible and customized selling approach that requires input from a def ...


References


Sources

* Hoovers. (n.d.). How to Cross-Sell & Up-Sell , Proven Sales Techniques , Hoovers. Retrieved from http://www.hoovers.com/lc/sales-marketing-education/how-to-cross-sell-up-sell.html * Kearney, J. (2016, February 2). Social Spot WiFi , Turn Your Free Wifi Into a Social Marketing Machine. Retrieved from http://www.socialspotwifi.com/ * Lazazzera, R. (2015, March 4). How to Increase Revenues With Upselling and Cross-selling. Retrieved from https://www.shopify.co.nz/blog/17579484-how-to-increase-revenue-and-improve-the-customer-experience-with-upselling-and-cross-selling * Low, J. (2015, May 12). Quick Tips for Upselling & Cross-Selling - Business.com. Retrieved from http://www.business.com/ecommerce/quick-tips-for-upselling-and-cross-selling/ * Maximizer. (2015, June 24). 5 Basic Upselling Techniques - Maximizer Blog. Retrieved from http://www.maximizer.com/blog/5-basic-upselling-techniques/ * Bohutinsky, C.H. (1990). ''The Sell up Potential of Airline Demand.'' M.S. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. * Lazazzera, R. (2015, March 4). ''How to Increase Revenue and Improve the Customer Experience with Upselling and Cross-Selling''. Retrieved March 26, 2016, from Shopify: https://www.shopify.co.nz/blog/17579484-how-to-increase-revenue-and-improve-the-customer-experience-with-upselling-and-cross-selling * Levine, L. (1996). ''"Why cross-selling and Upselling seem to be difficult to implement," Telemarketing .'' * Low, J. (2015, May 12 ). ''Super Sales Strategies: Quick Tips for Upselling And Cross-Selling.'' Retrieved March 24, 2016, from Business.com : http://www.business.com/ecommerce/quick-tips-for-upselling-and-cross-selling/ * Paul R, P., Sheehan, M. J., & John I, C. (1997 ). ''The Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing .'' * Robert C. Blattberg, B. -D. ''Database Marketing: (Analysing and Managing Customers) .'' * Schiffman, S. (2005 ). ''Upselling Techniques (That really works!) .'' Adams Media. * Wagner, K. A. (2008 ). ''Journal of Relationship Marketing: Cross-selling .'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Up-Selling Sales Selling techniques Personal selling