private
Private or privates may refer to:
Music
* "In Private
"In Private" was the third single in a row to be a charting success for United Kingdom, British singer Dusty Springfield, after an absence of nearly two decades from the charts. Both "In Pri ...
research university
A research university is a university
A university ( la, universitas, 'a whole') is an educational institution, institution of higher education, higher (or Tertiary education, tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in va ...
in Chicago, Illinois
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
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. Founded in 1890, its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park
Hyde Park may refer to:
Places
In England
* Hyde Park, London, a Royal Park in Central London
* Hyde Park, Leeds, an inner-city area of north-west Leeds
* Hyde Park, Sheffield, district of Sheffield
* Hyde Park, in Hyde, Greater Manchester
* Hyde ...
neighborhood. In Fall 2021, it enrolled 18,452 students, including 7,559 undergraduates and 10,893 graduate students.
The university is composed of and five graduate research divisions, which contain all of the university's graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees. Chicago has eight professional schools: the 
Law School
A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education
Legal education is the education of individuals in the principles, practices, and theory of law
Law is a system
A syste ...
, the Booth School of Business
The University of Chicago Booth School of Business (Chicago Booth or Booth) is the graduate business school of the University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private research university in Chicago
...
, the Pritzker School of Medicine
The Pritzker School of Medicine is the M.D.
Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally ...
, the Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice
The Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy and Practice, formerly called the School of Social Service Administration (SSA), is the school of social work
Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based professional learning, practic ...
, the Harris School of Public Policy
The University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy, also referred to as "Harris Public Policy," is the public policy school
Public Policy schools are typically university programs which teach students policy analysis
Policy analysis is a tech ...
, the Divinity School
A seminary, school of theology, theological seminary, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called ''seminarians'') in scripture, theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy, i ...
, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies
The University of Chicago Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies is one of eight professional schools of the University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago) is a private university, private research universit ...
, and the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering. The university has additional campuses and centers in London
London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has b ...
, Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,175,601 residents , in an area of more than . Since the 17th century, Paris ha ...
, Beijing
Beijing ( ), as Peking ( ), is the of the . It is the world's , with over 21 million residents within an of 16,410.5 km2 (6336 sq. mi.). It is located in , and is governed as a under the direct administration of the with .Figures ...
, Delhi
Delhi (; ''Dillī''; ''Dillī''; ''Dêhlī''), officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a of containing , the capital of India.
*
*
* Straddling the river, but primarily its western or right bank, Delhi ...
, and Hong Kong
Hong Kong (; , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of China on the ...
, as well as in downtown Chicago.
The University of Chicago is ranked among the best universities in the world and it is among the most selective in the United States. Its scholars have played a major role in the development of many academic disciplines, including economics, law, literary criticism, mathematics, physics, religion, sociology, and political science, establishing the Chicago schools in various fields. Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory
The Metallurgical Laboratory (or Met Lab) was a scientific laboratory at the University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private research university in Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
...
produced the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction in Chicago Pile-1
Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. Nuclear reac ...
beneath the viewing stands of the university's Stagg Field
Amos Alonzo Stagg Field is the name of two successive football
Football is a family of team sport
A team is a
. Advances in chemistry led to the "radiocarbon revolution" in the radiocarbon dating">carbon-14 dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for of an object containing by using the properties of , a .
The method was developed in the late 1940s at the by . It is based on the fact that radiocar ...carbon-14_dating_
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As defined by Profes ...
Money that had been raised during the 1920s and financial backing from the 
In 1999, then-President 
After the 1940s, the campus's Gothic style began to give way to modern styles.
The university is governed by a board of trustees. The board of trustees oversees the long-term development and plans of the university and manages fundraising efforts, and is composed of 55 members including the university president. Directly beneath the president are the provost, fourteen vice presidents (including the chief financial officer, Chief Investment Officer, chief investment officer, and vice president for campus life and student services), the directors of Argonne National Laboratory and Fermilab, the secretary of the university, and the student Ombudsman, ombudsperson.
The academic bodies of the University of Chicago consist of the College of the University of Chicago, College, five divisions of graduate research, six professional schools, and the 
The College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 51 academic majors and 33 minors. The college's academics are divided into five divisions: the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, the Physical Sciences Collegiate Division, the Social Sciences Collegiate Division, the Humanities Collegiate Division, and the New Collegiate Division.
The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools (a private day school for K–12 (education), K-12 students and day care),
The University of Chicago Library system encompasses six libraries that contain a total of 11 million volumes, the 9th most among library systems in the United States. The university's main library is the Regenstein Library, which contains one of the largest collections of print volumes in the United States. The Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, built in 2011, houses a large study space and an automated book storage and retrieval system. The John Crerar Library contains more than 1.4 million volumes in the biological, medical and physical sciences and collections in general science and the philosophy and history of science, medicine, and technology. The university also operates a number of special libraries, including the D'Angelo Law Library, the Social Service Administration Library, and the Eckhart Library for mathematics and computer science.
According to the National Science Foundation, University of Chicago spent $423.9 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 60th in the nation. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and is a founding member of the Association of American Universities and was a member of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation from 1946 through June 29, 2016, when the group's name was changed to the Big Ten Academic Alliance. The University of Chicago is not a member of the rebranded consortium, but will continue to be a collaborator.
The University of Chicago has been the site of some important experiments and academic movements. In economics, the university has played an important role in shaping ideas about the free market and is the namesake of the Chicago school of economics, the school of economic thought supported by Milton Friedman and other economists. The university's sociology department was the first independent sociology department in the United States and gave birth to the Chicago school (sociology), Chicago school of sociology. In physics, the university was the site of the 
The UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities and the college, as well as professional organizations including the Court Theatre (Chicago), Court Theatre, the University of Chicago Oriental Institute, Oriental Institute, the Smart Museum of Art, the Renaissance Society, University of Chicago Presents, and student arts organizations. The university has an artist-in-residence program and scholars in performance studies, contemporary art criticism, and film history. It has offered a doctorate in music composition since 1933 and cinema and media studies since 2000, a master of fine arts in visual arts (early 1970s), and a Master of Arts in the humanities with a creative writing track (2000). It has bachelor's degree programs in visual arts, music, and art history, and, more recently, cinema and media studies (1996) and theater and performance studies (2002). The college's general education core includes a "dramatic, musical, and visual arts" requirement, inviting students to study the history of the arts, stage desire, or begin working with sculpture. Several thousand major and non-major undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes. UChicago is often considered the birthplace of improvisational comedy as the Compass Players student comedy troupe evolved into The Second City improv theater troupe in 1959. The Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts opened in October 2012, five years after a $35 million gift from alumnus David Logan and his wife Reva. The center includes spaces for exhibitions, performances, classes, and media production. The Logan Center was designed by Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects, Tod Williams and Billie Tsien.
The University of Chicago hosts 19 varsity sports teams: 10 men's teams and 9 women's teams,
On-campus undergraduate students at the University of Chicago participate in a house system in which each student is assigned to one of the university's 7 residence hall buildings and to a smaller community within their residence hall called a "house". There are 39 houses, with an average of 70 students in each house.
Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt, in which large teams of students compete to obtain notoriously esoteric items from a list. Since 1963, the Festival of the Arts (FOTA) takes over campus for 7–10 days of exhibitions and interactive artistic endeavors. Every January, the university holds a week-long winter festival, Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko (Kuvia), which includes early morning exercise routines and fitness workshops. The university also annually holds a summer carnival and concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians and is home to Doc Films, a student film society founded in 1932 that screens films nightly at the university. Since 1946, the university has organized the Latke-Hamantash Debate, which involves humorous discussions about the relative merits and meanings of latkes and hamantashen.
In 2019, the University of Chicago claimed 188,000 alumni.
Notable alumni in the field of law, government and politics include Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court justice John Paul Stevens; the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, lord chief justice of England and Wales John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd, Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd; President of the Supreme Court of Israel Shimon Agranat; Attorney General of the United States, Attorney General and federal judge Robert Bork; Attorney General of the United States, attorneys general Ramsey Clark, John Ashcroft and Edward Levi; Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King; Prime Minister of New Zealand, 33rd prime minister of New Zealand Geoffrey Palmer (politician); Prime Minister of Poland, 11th prime minister of Poland Marek Belka; former Vice President of the Republic of China, Taiwan Vice President Lien Chan; Governor of the Bank of Japan Masaaki Shirakawa; David Axelrod (political consultant), David Axelrod, advisor to President of the United States, presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton; the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky; Prohibition in the United States, Prohibition agent Eliot Ness; political scientist and Sino-American expert Tsou Tang; current Chicago mayor Lori Lightfoot; the first female List of African-American United States Senators, African-American senator Carol Moseley Braun; United States Senator, United States senator from Vermont and Democratic presidential candidate in Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016, 2016 and Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2020, 2020 
In economics, notable Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winners Milton Friedman, a major advisor to Republican U.S. president Ronald Reagan, Conservative British prime minister Margaret Thatcher and Chilean military dictator Augusto Pinochet, George Stigler, Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory, Herbert A. Simon, responsible for the modern interpretation of the concept of organizational decision-making, Paul Samuelson, the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and Eugene Fama, known for his work on modern portfolio theory, portfolio theory, valuation (finance), asset pricing and stock market behavior, are all graduates. American economist, social theory, social theorist, political philosophy, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell is also an alumnus. Brazil's minister of the economy Paulo Guedes received his Ph.D. from UChicago in 1978.
Other prominent alumni include anthropologists David Graeber and Donald Johanson, who is best known for discovering the fossil of a female hominid australopithecine known as "Lucy (Australopithecus), Lucy" in the Afar Triangle region, psychologist John B. Watson, American psychologist who established the list of psychological schools, psychological school of behaviorism, communication theory, communication theorist Harold Innis, chess grandmaster Samuel Reshevsky, and conservative international relations scholar and White House coordinator of security planning for the United States National Security Council, National Security Council Samuel P. Huntington.
American Civil Rights Movement leaders Vernon Johns, considered by some to be the founder of the American Civil Rights Movement, American educator, socialist and cofounder of the Highlander Folk School Myles Horton, civil rights attorney and chairman of the Fair Employment Practices Committee Earl B. Dickerson, Tuskegee Airmen commander Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., African-American history scholar and journalist Carter G. Woodson, and Nubian scholar Solange Ashby are all alumni.
Three students from the university have been prosecuted in notable court cases: the infamous thrill killers Leopold and Loeb, Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb and high school science teacher John T. Scopes who was tried in the Scopes Monkey Trial for teaching evolution.
Notable faculty in economics include Frank Knight, Milton Friedman, George Stigler, James Heckman, Gary Becker, Robert Fogel, Robert Lucas, Jr., and Eugene Fama.