The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) is a council, chartered (or re-chartered) in each administration with a broad mandate to advise the
president of the United States on science and technology. The current PCAST was established by on September 30, 2001, by
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, Bush family, and son of the 41st president George H. W. Bush, he ...
, was re-chartered by
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the U ...
's April 21, 2010, , by
Donald Trump's October 22, 2019, , and by
Joe Biden's February 1, 2021, .
History
The council follows a tradition of presidential advisory panels focused on science and technology that dates back to President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As th ...
's Science Advisory Board, continued by President
Harry Truman. Renamed the
President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) by
Dwight Eisenhower
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
, it was disbanded by President
Richard Nixon.
Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician, actor, and union leader who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 ...
science advisor
Jay Keyworth re-established a smaller "White House Science Council" It reported, however, to him, not directly to the president. Renamed PCAST, and reporting directly to the president, a new council was chartered by President
George H. W. Bush in 1990, enabling the president to receive advice directly from the private and academic sectors on technology, scientific research priorities, and mathematics and science education.
Mission
The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology mission is to provide advice to the president and the Executive Office of the President. PCAST makes policy recommendations in areas such as understanding of science, technology, and innovation. PCAST is administered by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP).
Recent PCAST reports have addressed
antibiotic resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials. All classes of microbes can evolve resistance. Fungi evolve antifungal resistance. Viruses evolve antiviral resistance. ...
,
education technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech, or edtech) is the combined use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. When referred to with its abbreviation, edtech, it often refe ...
(with a focus on
MOOCs
A massive open online course (MOOC ) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, m ...
),
cybersecurity
Computer security, cybersecurity (cyber security), or information technology security (IT security) is the protection of computer systems and networks from attack by malicious actors that may result in unauthorized information disclosure, t ...
,
climate change,
networking and information technology, and agricultural preparedness, among many others.
Members and structure
PCAST has been enlarged since its inception and currently consists of 27 members and three co-chairs. The council members, distinguished individuals appointed by the president, are drawn from industry, education, research institutions, and other NGOs. The council is administered by an executive director.
PCAST membership under President Biden
On February 1, 2021, less than a month into his presidency, President Biden issued an
executive order reestablishing the PCAST. He had already announced the 3 co-chairs
Frances Arnold,
Maria Zuber
Maria T. Zuber (born June 27, 1958) is an American geophysicist who is the vice president for research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she also holds the position of the E. A. Griswold Professor of Geophysics in the Department ...
, and
Eric Lander
Eric Steven Lander (born February 3, 1957) is an American mathematician and geneticist who served as the 11th director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Science Advisor to the President, serving on the presidential Cabinet. ...
before his swearing-in in January 2021. He announced an initial roster of 27 additional members on September 22, 2021.
, there are 3 co-chairs:
Frances Arnold,
Maria Zuber
Maria T. Zuber (born June 27, 1958) is an American geophysicist who is the vice president for research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she also holds the position of the E. A. Griswold Professor of Geophysics in the Department ...
, and
Arati Prabhakar
Arati Prabhakar (born February 2, 1959) is an American engineer serving as the 12th director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and Science Advisor to the President since October 3, 2022. She was the former head of ...
. There are 26 additional members:
*
Dan Arvizu Dan Arvizu is a mechanical engineer at the United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratories, where he has taken on various roles over the course of more than 30 years. Arvizu is also an expert in energy materials, technology commercia ...
, Chancellor of the
New Mexico State University
*
Dennis Assanis, President of the
University of Delaware
*
John Banovetz, Executive Vice President at
3M
*
Frances Colón, Senior Director, International Climate at the
Center for American Progress
The Center for American Progress (CAP) is a public policy research and advocacy organization which presents a liberal viewpoint on economic and social issues. It has its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
The president and chief executive officer ...
*
Lisa Cooper, internal medicine and public health physician, and the
Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Equity in Health and Healthcare at
Johns Hopkins University
*
John Dabiri
John Oluseun Dabiri is a Nigerian-American aeronautics engineer and the Centennial Chair Professor at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), with appointments in the Graduate Aerospace Laboratories (GALCIT) and Mechanical Engineering. , Centennial Chair Professor at the
California Institute of Technology
The California Institute of Technology (branded as Caltech or CIT)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; the institution considers other spellings such a"Cal Tech" and "CalTech" incorrect. The institute is also occasional ...
*
Bill Dally
William James Dally (born August 17, 1960) is an American computer scientist and educator. Since 2021, he has been a member of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).
Microelectronics
He developed a number of t ...
, Chief Scientist and Senior Vice President for Research at
Nvidia
Nvidia CorporationOfficially written as NVIDIA and stylized in its logo as VIDIA with the lowercase "n" the same height as the uppercase "VIDIA"; formerly stylized as VIDIA with a large italicized lowercase "n" on products from the mid 1990s to ...
*
Sue Desmond-Hellmann, former Chief Executive Officer of the
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), a merging of the William H. Gates Foundation and the Gates Learning Foundation, is an American private foundation founded by Bill Gates and Melinda French Gates. Based in Seattle, Washington, it was l ...
*
Inez Fung, Professor of atmospheric science at the
University of California, Berkeley
*
Andrea Goldsmith, Dean of Engineering and Applied Science at
Princeton University
*
Laura Greene, physics professor at
Florida State University and Chief Scientist at the
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
*
Paula T. Hammond, David H. Koch Professor in Engineering and the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
*
Eric Horvitz
Eric Joel Horvitz () is an American computer scientist, and Technical Fellow at Microsoft, where he serves as the company's first Chief Scientific Officer. He was previously the director of Microsoft Research Labs, including research centers in Re ...
, Chief Scientific Officer at
Microsoft
*
Joe Kiani
Massi Joe E. Kiani (born September 16, 1964) is an Iranian-born American entrepreneur who founded medical technology company Masimo in 1989.
Early life
Joe Kiani was born in Shiraz, Iran, and immigrated to the United States at the age of nine. ...
, Chairman and CEO at
Masimo
*
Jonathan Levin, Dean at
Stanford Graduate School of Business
The Stanford Graduate School of Business (also known as Stanford GSB) is the graduate business school of Stanford University, a private research university in Stanford, California. For several years it has been the most selective business schoo ...
*
Stephen W. Pacala, Frederick D. Petrie Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Princeton University
*
Saul Perlmutter
Saul Perlmutter (born September 22, 1959) is a U.S. astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of both the American Academy of Arts & Science ...
, U.S. astrophysicist at the
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the
University of California, Berkeley
*
William H. Press, Leslie Surginer Professor of Computer Science and Integrative Biology at the
University of Texas at Austin
*
Penny Pritzker
Penny Sue Pritzker (born May 2, 1959) is an American billionaire businesswoman and civic leader who served as the 38th United States secretary of commerce in the Obama administration from 2013 to 2017. She was confirmed by a Senate vote of 97� ...
, Chairman of PSP Partners
*
Jennifer Richeson
Jennifer A. Richeson (born September 12, 1972) is an American social psychologist who studies racial identity and interracial interactions. She is currently the Philip R. Allen Professor of Psychology at Yale University where she heads the Socia ...
, Philip R. Allen Professor of Psychology and Director of the Social Perception and Communication Lab at
Yale University
*
Vicki Sato
Vicky, Vicko,
Vick, Vickie or Vicki is a feminine given name, often a hypocorism of Victoria. The feminine name Vicky in Greece comes from the name Vasiliki.
Women
* Family nickname of Victoria, Princess Royal (1840–1901), wife of Germa ...
, retired Professor of Management Practice at
Harvard Business School
Harvard Business School (HBS) is the graduate business school of Harvard University, a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. It is consistently ranked among the top business schools in the world and offers a large full-time MBA p ...
*
Lisa Su, President and CEO of Advanced Micro Devices
*
Kathryn D. Sullivan
Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan (born October 3, 1951) is an American geologist, oceanographer, and a former NASA astronaut and US Navy officer. She was a crew member on three Space Shuttle missions.
A graduate of University of California, Santa Cruz ...
, former NASA Astronaut
*
Terence Tao, Professor & The James and Carol Collins Chair in the College of Letters and Sciences at
University of California,
Los Angeles
*
Phil Venables, Chief Information Security Officer at
Google Cloud Google Cloud Platform offers numerous integrated cloud-computing services, including compute, network, and storage.
Products
Past and present products under the Google Cloud platform include:
Current
* Google Cloud Datastore, a NoSQL databa ...
*
Catherine Woteki
Catherine E. Woteki was the under secretary for United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Research, Education, and Economics (REE) mission area, as well as the department's chief scientist. Her responsibilities included oversight of the fo ...
, Visiting Distinguished Institute Professor in the Biocomplexity Institute at the
University of Virginia and Professor of Food Science and Human Nutrition at
Iowa State University
Former members include:
*
Eric Lander
Eric Steven Lander (born February 3, 1957) is an American mathematician and geneticist who served as the 11th director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Science Advisor to the President, serving on the presidential Cabinet. ...
, co-chair, serving concurrently as director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy
An office is a space where an organization's employees perform administrative work in order to support and realize objects and goals of the organization. The word "office" may also denote a position within an organization with specific du ...
, who resigned from the Biden administration in February 2022 after a workplace bullying scandal
*
Francis Collins, acting co-chair, former director of the
National Institutes of Health, who served from February to October 2022 between the resignation of Lander and the swearing in of Prabhakar
*
Marvin Adams, member, nuclear engineer and computational physicist, who resigned from the council in April 2022 after being confirmed as a deputy administrator of the
National Nuclear Security Administration
The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) is a United States federal agency responsible for safeguarding national security through the military application of nuclear science. NNSA maintains and enhances the safety, security, and ef ...
*
Ash Carter
Ashton Baldwin Carter (September 24, 1954 – October 24, 2022) was an American government official and academic who served as the 25th United States Secretary of Defense from February 2015 to January 2017. He later served as director of the B ...
, member, Director of the
Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs
The Robert and Renée Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, also known as the Belfer Center, is a research center located within the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, in the United States. From 2017 until his death in Oc ...
at
Harvard Kennedy School
The Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), officially the John F. Kennedy School of Government, is the school of public policy and government of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school offers master's degrees in public policy, public ...
and 25th
United States Secretary of Defense, who served until his death in October 2022
PCAST membership under President Trump
On October 22, 2019, after a record 33 months since President Obama's PCAST held its final meeting, the Trump administration issued an
executive order reestablishing the PCAST, appointing its first seven members:
*
Catherine Bessant, the chief operations and technology officer at
Bank of America
*
Shannon Blunt, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Kansas
*
Dario Gil, an electrical engineer and computer scientist, as well as the director
IBM Research
*
Robert Iger
Robert Allen Iger (; born February 10, 1951) is an American businessman who is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of The Walt Disney Company. He previously served as the President of ABC Television between 1994 and 1995 and the President and C ...
, CEO of the
Walt Disney Company
*
Dorota Grejner-Brzezinska, a professor of engineering at
Ohio State University, as well as associate dean for research
*
Sharon Hrynkow, chief scientific officer at
Cylo Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company that focuses on research around rare diseases
*
Herbert Fisk Johnson III
Herbert Fisk Johnson III (born May 19, 1958), known as Fisk, is an American billionaire businessman. He is the fifth generation of his family to lead S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc of Racine, Wisconsin, as chairman and CEO. As of March 2022, his net ...
, the CEO of
S. C. Johnson & Son
*
Abraham (Avi) Loeb, a professor of science at
Harvard University, director of the Institute for Theory and Computation and the Black Hole Initiative, and chair of the Board on Physics and Astronomy of the
National Academies
*
Theresa Mayer, executive vice president for research and partnerships and professor at Purdue University
*
Daniela Rus, a professor of electrical engineering at MIT, director of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
*
A. N. Sreeram, a senior vice president at the
Dow Chemical Company with a doctorate in materials science and engineering from
MIT
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the m ...
*
Hussein Tawbi, associate professor at the Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
*
Shane Wall, the chief technology officer for
Hewlett-Packard and director of HP Labs
*
K. Birgitta Whaley, a
chemistry professor at the
University of California, Berkeley and a scientist at
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
The council was chaired by
Office of Science and Technology Policy
An office is a space where an organization's employees perform administrative work in order to support and realize objects and goals of the organization. The word "office" may also denote a position within an organization with specific du ...
Director
Kelvin Droegemeier
Kelvin Kay Droegemeier (born September 23, 1958) is an American research meteorologist, most recently having served as Director of The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Droegemeier is known for his research in predicting the d ...
.
PCAST membership under President Obama
The PCAST under President Obama was co-chaired by
John P. Holdren and
Eric Lander
Eric Steven Lander (born February 3, 1957) is an American mathematician and geneticist who served as the 11th director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Science Advisor to the President, serving on the presidential Cabinet. ...
. The outgoing membership included:
*
John P. Holdren serves as one of two co-chairs of PCAST in addition to his duties as the director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy
An office is a space where an organization's employees perform administrative work in order to support and realize objects and goals of the organization. The word "office" may also denote a position within an organization with specific du ...
in the
Executive Office of the President and assistant to the president for science and technology. Previously he was a professor of environmental policy and director of the Program on Science, Technology, and Public Policy at
Harvard Kennedy School
The Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), officially the John F. Kennedy School of Government, is the school of public policy and government of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school offers master's degrees in public policy, public ...
. He also served concurrently as professor of environmental science and policy in Harvard’s Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and as director of the independent, nonprofit
Woods Hole Research Center
Woodwell Climate Research Center, formerly known as the Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC) until August 2020, is a scientific research organization that studies climate change impacts and solutions. The International Center for Climate Governance n ...
. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the
National Academy of Engineering, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, as well as a former president of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsi ...
and recipient of the MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship.
*
Eric Lander
Eric Steven Lander (born February 3, 1957) is an American mathematician and geneticist who served as the 11th director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Science Advisor to the President, serving on the presidential Cabinet. ...
serves as one of two co-chairs of PCAST as well as the director of the
Broad Institute
The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (IPA: , pronunciation respelling: ), often referred to as the Broad Institute, is a biomedical and genomic research center located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The insti ...
of MIT and Harvard. He is a professor of biology at MIT and professor of
systems biology at
Harvard Medical School, and is a member of the
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research is a non-profit research institute located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States that is dedicated to improving human health through basic biomedical research. It was founded as a fiscally indepen ...
. He was one of the principal leaders of the
Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a ph ...
, recipient of the MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship and is a member of both the National Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine.
*
William H. Press is one of the two vice-chairs, and is professor of computer sciences at the
University of Texas at Austin, has wide-ranging expertise in computer science, astrophysics, and international security. A member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, he previously served as Deputy Laboratory Director for Science and Technology at the
Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1998 to 2004. He is a professor of astronomy and physics at Harvard University and a former member of the
Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
The Center for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA), alternatively called the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, is an astrophysics research institute jointly operated by the Harvard College Observatory and Smithsonian Astrop ...
(1982–1998).
*
Maxine Savitz is one of the two vice chairs, and is a retired general manager of Technology Partnerships at
Honeywell
Honeywell International Inc. is an American publicly traded, multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. It primarily operates in four areas of business: aerospace, building technologies, performance ma ...
and has more than 30 years of experience managing research, development and implementation programs for the public and private sectors, including in the aerospace, transportation, and industrial sectors. From 1979 to 1983 she served as deputy assistant secretary for conservation in the U.S. Department of Energy. She currently serves as vice-president of the National Academy of Engineering.
*
Rosina Bierbaum
Rosina M. Bierbaum (born September 30, 1952) is currently the Roy F. Westin Chair in Natural Economics and Research Professor at the University of Maryland's School of Public Policy. She is also a professor and former dean at the University of Mic ...
, a widely recognized expert in
climate-change science and ecology, is dean of the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the
University of Michigan. Her PhD is in
evolutionary biology and ecology. She served as associate director for environment in OSTP in the Clinton administration, as well as acting director of OSTP in 2000–2001. She is a member of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and ...
.
*
Christine Cassel is president and CEO of the
American Board of Internal Medicine
The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, self-appointed physician-evaluation organization that certifies physicians practicing internal medicine and its subspecialties. The American Board of Internal Medicine is n ...
and previously served as dean of the School of Medicine and vice president for medical affairs at
Oregon Health & Science University
Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) is a
public research university focusing primarily on health sciences with a main campus, including two hospitals, in Portland, Oregon. The institution was founded in 1887 as the University of Oregon ...
. A member of the
U.S. Institute of Medicine
The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly called the Institute of Medicine (IoM) until 2015, is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The National Academy of Medicine is a part of the National Academies of Sciences, Eng ...
, she is a leading expert in
geriatric medicine
Geriatrics, or geriatric medicine, is a medical specialty focused on providing care for the unique health needs of older adults. The term ''geriatrics'' originates from the Greek γέρων ''geron'' meaning "old man", and ιατρός ''iatros' ...
and quality of care.
*
Christopher Chyba is professor of astrophysical sciences and international affairs at
Princeton University and a member of the Committee on International Security and Arms Control of the
National Academy of Sciences. His scientific work focuses on solar system exploration and his security-related research emphasizes
nuclear
Nuclear may refer to:
Physics
Relating to the nucleus of the atom:
*Nuclear engineering
*Nuclear physics
*Nuclear power
*Nuclear reactor
*Nuclear weapon
*Nuclear medicine
*Radiation therapy
*Nuclear warfare
Mathematics
*Nuclear space
*Nuclear ...
and
biological weapons
A biological agent (also called bio-agent, biological threat agent, biological warfare agent, biological weapon, or bioweapon) is a bacterium, virus, protozoan, parasite, fungus, or toxin that can be used purposefully as a weapon in bioterroris ...
policy, proliferation, and terrorism. He served on the White House staff from 1993 to 1995 at the
National Security Council and the Office of Science and Technology Policy and was awarded a
MacArthur Prize Fellowship
The MacArthur Fellows Program, also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and commonly but unofficially known as the "Genius Grant", is a prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation typically to between 20 and 30 ind ...
(2001) for his work in both planetary science and international security.
*
Sylvester James Gates
Sylvester James Gates Jr. (born December 15, 1950), known as S. James Gates Jr. or Jim Gates, is an American theoretical physicist who works on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory. He currently holds the Clark Leadership Chair in ...
, Jr., is the
John S. Toll Professor of Physics and director of the Center for
String and
Particle Theory
Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) and b ...
at the
University of Maryland, College Park. He is the first African American to hold an endowed chair in physics at a major research university. He has served as a consultant to the
National Science Foundation, the
U.S. Departments of Energy and
Defense
Defense or defence may refer to:
Tactical, martial, and political acts or groups
* Defense (military), forces primarily intended for warfare
* Civil defense, the organizing of civilians to deal with emergencies or enemy attacks
* Defense indust ...
, and the
Educational Testing Service, and held appointments at MIT, Harvard, California Institute of Technology, and
Howard University.
*
Mark Gorenberg. is a managing director of
Hummer Winblad Venture Partners
Hummer Winblad Venture Partners is an American software and web focused venture capital firm based in San Francisco, California. Its founders include John Hummer and Ann Winblad. The firm was an early investor in Napster, the first popular file ...
, which he joined in 1990 when the firm began investing its first fund. Previously, he was with
Sun Microsystems, where he managed emerging new media areas and was a member of the original
SPARCstation team.
*
Susan L. Graham
Susan Lois Graham (born September 16, 1942) is an American computer scientist. Graham is the Pehong Chen Distinguished Professor Emerita in the Computer Science Division of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the U ...
is the Pehong Chen Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Emerita at the
University of California, Berkeley. She has won the Harvard Medal, the
IEEE John von Neumann Medal, the Berkeley Citation, and the ACM/IEEE
Ken Kennedy Award. She was named a University of California, Berkeley Fellow in 2011. She was a member of the President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) from 1997 to 2003. She served as the Chief Computer Scientist for the National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure (NPACI) from 1997 to 2005. She currently chairs the
Computing Research Association
The Computing Research Association (CRA) is a 501(c)3 non-profit association of North American academic departments of computer science, computer engineering, and related fields; laboratories and centers in industry, government, and academia enga ...
’s Computing Community Consortium. Graham is a member of the
National Academy of Engineering and the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and ...
, and she is a Fellow of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsi ...
, the
Association for Computing Machinery
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is a US-based international learned society for computing. It was founded in 1947 and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society. The ACM is a non-profit professional membe ...
(ACM), and the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
*
J. Michael McQuade is senior vice president for science & technology at
United Technologies Corporation. Prior to joining UTC in 2006, he served as vice president of
3M’s Medical Division, and before that he was president of Eastman Kodak’s Health Imaging Business. He is a member of the board of trustees for Carnegie Mellon University, the board of directors of Project HOPE, and the board of trustees for
Miss Porter’s School. He serves on advisory and visiting boards for a number of university science and engineering schools. He currently serves as a member of the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board.
*
Chad Mirkin is the founding director of the
International Institute for Nanotechnology, the George B. Rathmann Professor of Chemistry, professor of chemical and biological engineering, professor of biomedical engineering, professor of materials science & engineering, and professor of medicine at
Northwestern University. He is a chemist and a world-renowned nanoscience expert, who is known for his development of nanoparticle-based biodetection schemes, the invention of Dip-Pen Nanolithography, and contributions to supramolecular chemistry. He is one of only fifteen scientists, engineers and medical doctors, and the only chemist to be elected into all three branches of the National Academies, and he has been recognized for his accomplishments with over 90 national and international awards, including the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize, the Linus Pauling Medal, and the Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology.
*
Mario J. Molina
Mario José Molina-Pasquel Henríquez (19 March 19437 October 2020), known as Mario Molina, was a Mexican chemist. He played a pivotal role in the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, and was a co-recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemis ...
is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the
University of California, San Diego
The University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego or colloquially, UCSD) is a public land-grant research university in San Diego, California. Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego is t ...
, and the Center for Atmospheric Sciences at the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (sometimes referred to as SIO, Scripps Oceanography, or Scripps) in San Diego, California, US founded in 1903, is one of the oldest and largest centers for ocean and Earth science research, public serv ...
, as well as director of the Mario Molina Center for Energy and Environment in
Mexico City. He received the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
)
, image = Nobel Prize.png
, alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then "M ...
in 1995 for his role in elucidating the threat to the Earth's ozone layer of
chlorofluorocarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F), produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and prop ...
gases. The only Mexican-born Nobel laureate in science, he served on PCAST for both Clinton terms. He is a member of both the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine.
*
Craig Mundie
Craig James Mundie (born July 1, 1949 in Cleveland, Ohio) is Senior Advisor to the CEO at Microsoft and its former Chief Research and Strategy Officer.
Biography
He started in the consumer platforms division in 1992, managing the production of Wi ...
is chief research and strategy officer at
Microsoft. He has 39 years of experience in the computer industry, beginning as a developer of operating systems. He co-founded and served as CEO of
Alliant Computer Systems
Alliant Computer Systems Corporation was a computer company that designed and manufactured parallel computing systems. Together with Pyramid Technology and Sequent Computer Systems, Alliant's machines pioneered the symmetric multiprocessing marke ...
.
*
Barbara A. Schaal
Barbara Anna Schaal (born 1947 in Berlin, Germany, naturalized in 1956) American scientist, evolutionary biologist, is a professor at Washington University in St. Louis and vice president of the National Academy of Sciences. She is the first woma ...
is professor of biology at
Washington University in St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis (WashU or WUSTL) is a private research university with its main campus in St. Louis County, and Clayton, Missouri. Founded in 1853, the university is named after George Washington. Washington University i ...
. She is a renowned plant geneticist who has used
molecular genetics
Molecular genetics is a sub-field of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms. Molecular genetics often applies an "investigative approach" to determine the ...
to understand the evolution and ecology of plants, ranging from the
U.S. Midwest
The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the Midwest or the American Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2"). It occupies the northern central part of the United States. I ...
to the tropics. She serves as vice president of the National Academy of Sciences, the first woman ever elected to that role.
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Eric Schmidt is the executive chairman of
Google and a former member of the board of directors of
Apple Inc.
Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, United States. Apple is the largest technology company by revenue (totaling in 2021) and, as of June 2022, is the world's biggest company b ...
Before joining Google, he served as chief technology officer for
Sun Microsystems and later as CEO of
Novell Inc.
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Daniel P. Schrag
Daniel Paul Schrag (born January 25, 1966) is the Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology, Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering at Harvard University and Director of the Harvard University Center for the Environment. He also co-direc ...
is the Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University and professor of environmental science and engineering in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. He is also director of the Harvard-wide Center for Environment. He was trained as a marine geochemist and has employed a variety of methods to study the
carbon cycle
The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a major componen ...
and climate over a wide range of Earth’s history. Awarded a MacArthur Prize Fellowship in 2000, he has recently been working on technological approaches to mitigating future climate change.
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Ed Penhoet is a director of
Alta Partners
Alta Partners is a venture capital firm based in San Francisco which invests primarily in biotechnology and life science companies.
History
The company was founded in 1996 by Dr. Jean Deleage, Ph.D., who was also a founder of the venture capi ...
. He serves on the board of directors for ChemoCentryx, Immune Design, Metabolex, and Scynexis. He was a co-founder of Chiron and served as the company’s president and chief executive officer from 1981 until 1998. He was also a member of the Independent Citizens Oversight Committee for the
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) was created in 2004 after 59% of California voters approved California Proposition 71: the Research and Cures Initiative, which allocated $3 billion to fund stem cell research in California ...
(CIRM). From 2004 to 2008 he served as the president of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, where he is currently serving on the board. Penhoet was a faculty member of the biochemistry department of the
University of California, Berkeley. From July 1998 to July 2002, he served as dean of the School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the US Institute of Medicine and the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and ...
. He serves on the board of Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland.
See also
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Office of Science and Technology Policy
An office is a space where an organization's employees perform administrative work in order to support and realize objects and goals of the organization. The word "office" may also denote a position within an organization with specific du ...
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National Science and Technology Council
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Technology policy
References
External links
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{{EOP agencies
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
2001 establishments in the United States
Science and technology in the United States
United States national commissions