United Nations Security Council Resolution 864
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United Nations Security Council resolution 864, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1993, after reaffirming resolutions
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(1991), 747 (1992),
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(1992),
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(1992),
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(1993),
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(1993),
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(1993),
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(1993) and
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(1993), the Council noted the continuing situation in
Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
and went on to condemn and place
international sanctions International sanctions are political and economic decisions that are part of diplomatic efforts by countries, multilateral or regional organizations against states or organizations either to protect national security interests, or to protect in ...
on
UNITA The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( pt, União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola, abbr. UNITA) is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought alongside the Popular Movement for ...
. The Security Council expressed its concern about the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation in Angola and that, despite all previous resolutions and efforts, peace talks were suspended and no
ceasefire A ceasefire (also known as a truce or armistice), also spelled cease fire (the antonym of 'open fire'), is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be between state act ...
was in effect. Support was given to the efforts of the
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and his Special Representative
Margaret Anstee Dame Margaret Joan Anstee, DCMG (25 June 1926 – 25 August 2016) was a British diplomat who served at the United Nations for over four decades (1952–93), rising to the rank of an Under-Secretary-General in 1987. She was the first woman to hol ...
to help resolve the crisis through negotiations. The United Nations, therefore, would continue to be present in Angola in order to secure full implementation of the "Acordos de Paz" peace agreements. The resolution extended the current mandate of the
United Nations Angola Verification Mission II The United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II), established May 1991 and lasting until February 1995, was the second United Nations peacekeeping mission, of a total of four, deployed to Angola during the course of the Angolan Civ ...
(UNAVEM II) until 15 December 1993. In the event of significant progress in the peace process, the presence would be increased. The position of the Angolan government to resolve the conflict peacefully was welcomed, while UNITA was reminded to accept the results of the 1992 elections. UNITA was also condemned for its military actions and attempts to seize territory which had caused suffering to the civilian population and
Angolan economy The economy of Angola remains heavily influenced by the effects of four decades of conflict in the last part of the 20th century, the war for independence from Portugal (1961–75) and the subsequent civil war (1975–2002). Despite extensive ...
, with the Council demanding that all such actions cease. Attacks by UNITA on United Nations humanitarian personnel in violation of
international humanitarian law International humanitarian law (IHL), also referred to as the laws of armed conflict, is the law that regulates the conduct of war (''jus in bello''). It is a branch of international law that seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict by prot ...
were condemned, urging both UNITA and the
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to ensure the safety of UNAVEM II staff and other humanitarian personnel. The council also reiterated its demand that UNITA release all foreign
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s held against their will. The Council continued by strongly condemning UNITA, holding its leadership responsible for not complying with previous Security Council resolutions. In this regard, it determined UNITA's actions and the situation in Angola to be a threat to international peace and security and imposed sanctions on UNITA under
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military an ...
. Therefore, within 10 days following the adoption of the current resolution, the following measures would take effect unless the Secretary-General reported that a ceasefire was in force and an agreement on the implementation of the peace agreement and United Nations resolutions had been reached. If the ceasefire or agreements were not observed, the sanctions would be reimposed and take effect immediately. All countries were prohibited from selling
arms Arms or ARMS may refer to: *Arm or arms, the upper limbs of the body Arm, Arms, or ARMS may also refer to: People * Ida A. T. Arms (1856–1931), American missionary-educator, temperance leader Coat of arms or weapons *Armaments or weapons **Fi ...
, petroleum and related products to UNITA, except for some places that were determined by the Angolan government, notwithstanding any international agreements, commitments, contracts or licenses. Proceedings would be brought against any persons or entities violating the resolution. A Committee of the Security Council was then established which would monitor implementation of Resolution 864. Its functions were to: :(a) examine reports by the Secretary-General; :(b) seek further information from countries regarding what action they are taking to implement the current resolution; :(c) consider information concerning violations of the sanctions; :(d) make periodic reports on the violations and implementation of Resolution 864; :(e) devise guidelines that facilitate exports. The Council called upon all states to report to the Secretary-General by 15 October 1993 on the measures they had adopted, providing all necessary assistance to the committee. The imposition of further measures including travel restrictions and trade measures would be considered if no ceasefire had been agreed and the peace agreements were not implemented, or reviewed, if the agreement and ceasefire had been carried out. The resolution concluded by requesting Secretary-General
Boutros Boutros-Ghali Boutros Boutros-Ghali (; , ar, بطرس بطرس غالي ', ; 14 November 1922 – 16 February 2016) was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who served as the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) from 1992 to 1996. An academic ...
to report back on the implementation of the current resolution and other developments by 1 November 1993 and 15 December 1993, including on recommendations for the future role of the United Nations in the peace process.


See also

*
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1173 United Nations Security Council resolution 1173, adopted unanimously on 12 June 1998, after reaffirming United Nations Security Council Resolution 696, Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly United Nations Se ...
*
Angolan Civil War The Angolan Civil War ( pt, Guerra Civil Angolana) was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war immediately began after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was ...
*
Angolan legislative election, 1992 General elections were held in Angola on 29 and 30 September 1992 to elect a President and National Assembly, the first time free and multi-party elections had been held in the country. They followed the signing of the Bicesse Accord on 31 May ...
*
Angolan presidential election, 1992 General elections were held in Angola on 29 and 30 September 1992 to elect a President and National Assembly, the first time free and multi-party elections had been held in the country. They followed the signing of the Bicesse Accord on 31 May ...
*
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 801 to 900 This is a list of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 801 to 900 adopted between 8 January 1993 and 4 March 1994. See also * Lists of United Nations Security Council resolutions * List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions ...
(1993–1994) *
United Nations Angola Verification Mission III The United Nations Angola Verification Mission III was a peacekeeping mission that began operating in Angola in February 1995 during the civil war.Meisler, Stanley. ''United Nations: The First Fifty Years'', 1997. Page 369. It was established by t ...
*
Fowler Report The Fowler Report, released on March 14, 2000, is a United Nations report detailing how various companies, African and European governments, including that of Angola and the political wing of UNITA, violated the Lusaka Protocol as well as UN-impos ...
*
Kimberley Process Certification Scheme The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) is the process established in 2003 to prevent "conflict diamonds" from entering the mainstream rough diamond market by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/56 following recommendations in ...


References


External links

*
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
* {{UNSCR 1993 0864 1993 in Angola United Nations Security Council sanctions regimes Blood diamonds 0864 Angolan Civil War September 1993 events