Una Biological Reserve ( pt, Reserva Biológica de Una) is a Biological reserve in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

Location

The Una Biological Reserve, which is in the

Atlantic Forest The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and th ...

biome and covers , was created on 10 December 1980. It became part of the

Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor The Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor ( pt, Corredor Central da Mata Atlântica is an ecological corridor in the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. It promotes improvements to connectivity between fragments of Atlantic Forest ...

, created in 2002. It is in the

Una Una and UNA may refer to: Places * 160 Una, the asteroid "Una", an asteroid named after the Faerie Queene character * Una River (disambiguation), numerous rivers * Una, Himachal Pradesh, a town in India ** Una, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constit ...

municipality of Bahia. The climate is hot and humid, with annual rainfall over . The temperature varies from , with an average of . Elevation ranges from above sea level. The terrain has isolated plateaus, mostly around in height, within a flat coastal plain. Removal of the original forest cover has caused accelerated erosion of the plateaus. The reserve is in the basin of the Una River, which is fed by the Aliança and São Pedro rivers. The Serra River runs through the reserve from the west to the south east. The Maruim River forms the natural border of the north west of the reserve. The flora is a diverse example of

biome. Fauna include three species of seriously threatened endemic primates: the

golden lion tamarin The golden lion tamarin (''Leontopithecus rosalia'', pt, mico-leão-dourado , ), also known as the golden marmoset, is a small New World monkey of the family Callitrichidae. Native to the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil, the golden lion tam ...

black-tufted marmoset The black-tufted marmoset (''Callithrix penicillata''), also known as Mico-estrela in Portuguese, is a species of New World monkey that lives primarily in the Neo-tropical gallery forests of the Brazilian Central Plateau. It ranges from Bahia ...

and

golden-bellied capuchin The golden-bellied capuchin (''Sapajus xanthosternos''), also known as the yellow-breasted or buff-headed capuchin, is a species of New World or neotropical monkey. It lives mainly in trees and are omnivorous, eating a wide variety of both plant ...

. The environment has been damaged by deforestation, removal of riparian vegetation and cattle damage to the river banks causing more extreme flooding and greater levels of sediment in the water. This has had negative effects to the fauna.

Conservation

The Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under

IUCN protected area category IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The enlisting of such areas is par ...

Ia. The purpose is to fully preserve the biota and their natural attributes without direct human interference. Protected birds in the reserve include the Atlantic black-breasted woodpecker (Celeus tinnunculus),

black-headed berryeater The black-headed berryeater (''Carpornis melanocephala'') is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. Identifi ...

(Carpornis melanocephala), red-billed curassow (Crax blumenbachii),

banded cotinga The banded cotinga (''Cotinga maculata'') is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae. It is endemic to southeastern Brazil. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss as its population is estimate ...

(Cotinga maculata), Stresemann's bristlefront (Merulaxis stresemanni),

band-tailed antwren The band-tailed antwren (''Myrmotherula urosticta'') is a species of insectivorous bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. ...

(Myrmotherula urosticta),

ochre-marked parakeet The ochre-marked parakeet (''Pyrrhura cruentata'') is a species of parrot native to Brazil. It is also known as blue-throated parakeet and red-eared conure in English and ''tiriba-grande'', ''tiriba'', ''cara-suja'' and ''fura-mato-grande'' in P ...

(Pyrrhura cruentata) and

striated softtail The striated softtail (''Thripophaga macroura'') is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is endemic to eastern Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane f ...

(Thripophaga macroura). Other protected species in the reserve include

golden-headed lion tamarin The golden-headed lion tamarin (''Leontopithecus chrysomelas''), also the golden-headed tamarin, is a lion tamarin endemic to Brazil. It is found only in the lowland and premontane tropical forest fragments in the state of Bahia, and therefore i ...

(Leontopithecus chrysomelas),

maned sloth The maned sloth (''Bradypus torquatus'') is a three-toed sloth that is native to South America. It is one of four species of three-toed sloths belonging to the suborder Xenarthra and are placental mammals. They are endemic to the Atlantic coast ...

(Bradypus torquatus),

giant anteater The giant anteater (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'') is an insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America. It is one of four living species of anteaters, of which it is the largest member. The only extant member of the genus ''Myrmecopha ...

(Myrmecophaga tridactyla),

cougar The cougar (''Puma concolor'') is a large Felidae, cat native to the Americas. Its Species distribution, range spans from the Canadian Yukon to the southern Andes in South America and is the most widespread of any large wild terrestrial mamm ...

(Puma concolor),

Recife broad-nosed bat The Recife broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus recifinus''), is a species of bat from South America. It is named for the city of Recife in Brazil, where it was first recorded by Oldfield Thomas in 1901. Previously considered "Vulnerable", the Recif ...

, Platyrrhinus recifinus,

Hercules beetle The Hercules beetle (''Dynastes hercules'') is a species of rhinoceros beetle native to the rainforests of Central America, South America, and the Lesser Antilles. It is the longest extant species of beetle in the world, and is also one of the ...

(Dynastes hercules), the butterfly

Napeogenes rhezia ''Napeogenes'' is a genus of clearwing ( ithomiine) butterflies, named by Henry Walter Bates in 1862. They are in the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 speci ...

and the

Characiformes Characiformes is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras.; Buckup P.A.: "Relationshi ...

fish

Nematocharax venustus ''Nematocharax'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae. It contains the single species ''Nematocharax venustus'', which is endemic to Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese ...

References

Sources

* * * * {{Biological reserve (Brazil) 1980 establishments in Brazil Biological reserves of Brazil Protected areas of Bahia Protected areas established in 1980 Protected areas of the Atlantic Forest