Amr ibn Hurayth ibn Amr ibn Uthman al-Makhzumi ( ar, عمرو بن حريث بن عمرو بن عثمان , ʿAmr ibn Ḥurayth ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿUthmān; died 705) was a prominent member of the Quraysh in

Kufa Kufa ( ar, الْكُوفَة ), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Currently, Kufa and Najaf a ...

and the deputy governor of the city under the

Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...

governors of Iraq

Ziyad ibn Abihi Abu al-Mughira Ziyad ibn Abihi ( ar, أبو المغيرة زياد بن أبيه, Abū al-Mughīra Ziyād ibn Abīhi; – 673), also known as Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan ( ar, زياد بن أبي سفيان, Ziyād ibn Abī Sufyān), was an adminis ...

(670–673),

Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Ziyād ( ar, عبيد الله بن زياد, ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Ziyād) was the Umayyad governor of Basra, Kufa and Khurasan during the reigns of caliphs Mu'awiya I and Yazid I, and the leading general of the Umayyad army unde ...

(675–683) and Bishr ibn Marwan (692–694).

Life

Amr was the son of Hurayth ibn Amr ibn Uthman ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum and belonged to the

Banu Makhzum The Banu Makhzum () was one of the wealthy clans of the Quraysh. They are regarded as being among the three most powerful and influential clans in Mecca before the advent of Islam, the other two being the Banu Hashim (the tribe of the Islamic proph ...

clan of the Quraysh tribe of

Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow ...

.Elad 2008, p. 171. He became the wealthiest person in the Arab garrison town and administrative center of

in Iraq. When Kufa was added to

's governorship by Caliph Mu'awiya I in 670, thereby making Ziyad governor of all Iraq, Ziyad made Amr his deputy governor over Kufa.Elad 2008, p. 172. He remained in this post until Ziyad's death in 673 and was reinstalled by Ziyad's son and ultimate successor, Ubayd Allah who took office in 675. Ibn Ziyad also made him head of his ''

shurta ''Shurṭa'' ( ar, شرطة) is the common Arabic term for police, although its precise meaning is that of a "picked" or elite force. Bodies termed ''shurṭa'' were established in the early days of the Caliphate, perhaps as early as the caliphate ...

'' (security forces). Ibn Ziyad was expelled from

Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is han ...

after the death of Caliph

Yazid I Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan ( ar, يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان, Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; 64611 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. He ruled from ...

() and Amr was similarly toppled by the Kufans, who replaced him with Amir ibn Mas'ud al-Jumahi. The Umayyad governor of Iraq, Bishr ibn Marwan appointed Amr his deputy in Kufa in 692–94.Rowson 1985, p. 5, note 25. He is credited by

Ahmad ibn Hanbal Ahmad ibn Hanbal al-Dhuhli ( ar, أَحْمَد بْن حَنْبَل الذهلي, translit=Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal al-Dhuhlī; November 780 – 2 August 855 CE/164–241 AH), was a Muslim jurist, theologian, ascetic, hadith traditionist, and ...

for introducing the ceremony marking the Day of Arafat in Kufa, though this has also been ascribed to

Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr Muṣʿab ibn al-Zubayr ( ar, مصعب بن الزبير; died October 691) was the governor of Basra in 686–691 for his brother, the Mecca-based counter-caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, during the Second Fitna. Mus'ab was a son of Zubayr ib ...

. He died in 705.

References

Bibliography

* * * * *{{cite book , last1=Shaban , first1=M. A. , title=Islamic History: Volume 1, AD 600-750 (AH 132): A New Interpretation , date=1971 , publisher=Cambridge University Press , location=Cambridge , isbn=0-521-08137-8 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TEFMYRxteB4C 705 deaths 7th-century Arabs 7th-century people from the Umayyad Caliphate Banu Makhzum Umayyad governors of Kufa