Ulmus 'Variegata' (Smooth-leafed Elm cultivar)

The Field Elm cultivar ''Ulmus minor'' 'Argenteo-Variegata' or simply 'Variegata', known in Australasia and North America as Silver Elm or Tartan Elm, is said to have been cultivated in France from 1772. Green noted that variegated forms of Field Elm "arise frequently, and several clones may have been known under this name". Dumont de Courset (1802) listed an ''U. campestris'' var. ''glabra variegata'', Loudon (1838) an ''U. nitens'' var. ''variegata'', and Wesmael (1863) an ''U. campestris'' var. ''nuda microphylla variegata''.

'Variegata' is not to be confused with the variegated English Elm cultivar, ''U. minor'' 'Atinia Variegata', which has the broader, almost orbicular leaves of the type.

Description

The tree's foliage is randomly blotched and speckled with creamy white, the colour of the leaves on the same tree ranging from almost completely cream to totally green.''Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs''. (1977). David & Charles, Newton Abbot, UK. In 1915 the horticulturalist E. A. Bowles described "a tall Silver Elm" at Myddleton House, his lifelong home at Bulls Cross in Enfield, Middlesex:
:"In some seasons it is an absolutely silver pillar from top to toe, with more than half of every leaf pure milky white. Another year it will hardly show the variegation, and in yet another it may be spangled with minute silver specks all over the leaves, but with no large pure white markings. It turns to fine gold in some Novembers. I believe that it is in the seasons that it is greenest that it turns the finest autumn yellow. Mr. Elwes tells me that it is a very fine specimen of a variegated elm, and should have been figured for his great bookElwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. VII. p.1895 if he had seen it in time, and also that it is unusual in being on its own roots, whereas most of them are grafted. This one suckers up all over the lawn and in the adjacent flower beds, and reproduces all its vagaries of variegation in its offspring."

Bowles' photograph and the name "Silver Elm" suggest that the Myddleton House tree was ''U. minor'' 'Variegata', rather than Variegated English Elm.

Image:Ulmus minor 'Variegata'.jpg, ''U. minor'' 'Variegata' foliage

Etymology

As the blotching and margination of the foliage may appear more silver than cream, the cultivar is sometimes listed as ''U. minor'' 'Argenteo-Variegata'.

Pests and diseases

The cultivar is as susceptible to Dutch elm disease as the species.

Cultivation

Henry cited Loudon's report that 'Variegata' was cultivated in Chiswick in the early 19th century. The Späth nursery of Berlin supplied the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, with an ''U. campestris variegata argentea'' (1893) and an ''U. campestris fol. argenteis variegatis'' (1899), which may have been Silver Elm or Tartan Elm, as well as an ''U. campestris fol. argenteis marginatis'' (1897), possibly variegated English Elm. An ''U. fol. argent.'' var. ''minor'', a "small, silver, variegated variety", appeared in the 1902 catalogue of the Bobbink and Atkins nursery, Rutherford, New Jersey. An ''Ulmus medio argentea variegata'', "a pretty silver-variegated variety", probably Silver Elm, appeared in early 20th-century nursery catalogues in Australia. Silver Elm remains in commercial cultivation in Europe, and is commonly cultivated in Australasia and North America, where a number of mature specimens survive (see under Accessions).

Notable trees

In the Netherlands, one tree, known as the Rococo Iep (:Elm) grows at Houten, next to the old church.. A group of 5 grows along a canal in Alkmaar. In Australia, several trees planted in 1897 stand in Geelong Botanic Gardens, Victoria. 'Atinia Variegata' is also found among the elms lining the Avenue of Honour at Ballarat, while approximately 50 trees grow at The Nook, Sunbury. There are two mature trees in the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart. In the United States, a specimen in Portland, Oregon, has been designated a 'Heritage Tree'.

Synonymy

*''Ulmus folio glabro, eleganter variegato'': Miller
''The Gardeners Dictionary'' ed. 2. 1735
''Ulmus'' no. 7.
*?''Ulmus campestris foliis argenteis'': Baudriller, (Angers, France)
Catalogue 43, p. 116, 1880

*''Ulmus campestris foliis variegatis'': Loddiges, ( Hackney, London), Catalogue 1820, p. 35, and by Loudon in ''Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum'', 3: 1395, 1838.
*''Ulmus campestris punctata'': Simon-Louis Nurseries, (Metz, France), Catalogue, 1886–87, p. 60.
*''Ulmus campestris'' var. ''suberosa variegata'' Hort.: Hartwig & Rümpler
''Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch'' 581, 1875

Accessions

North America

*Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 450-48, 588-54

Europe

*Dubrava Arboretum, Lithuania. As ''U. carpinifolia'' 'Variegata'. No details available.
*Grange Farm Arboretumbr>
Sutton St. James, Spalding, Lincs., UK. Acc. no. 1083.
*Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. no. 18143 (acknowledged as possibly ''U. minor'' 'Albo-dentata').
*Netherlands Plant Collection Ulmus, Wijdemeren, Netherlands, planted 2019 location Dekkerplantsoen, Frans Halslaan, Loosdrecht as Ulmus minor ‘Argenteovariegata’ website: https://wijdemeren.cobra360.nl/index.php?@iepen

Australasia

* Benalla Botanic Gardens, Victoria, Australia. Accession details not known.
* Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (Melbourne), Australia.RBGV (Melbourne) Elm list Accession details not known.
*Eastwoodhill Arboretumbr>
Gisborne, New Zealand, Gisborne, New Zealand. Acc. details not known.
* Geelong Botanic Gardens, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Acc. details not known.
* Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart, Australia. Two trees on Playground Lawn.

Nurseries

North America

None known.

Europe

*Noordplant Nursery, Glimmen, Netherlands

Australasia

*ETT, Wandin East, Victoria, Australia
*Fleming's Nurser

Monbulk, Victoria, Australia. (as 'Silver Elm').
*Metro Trees, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia
*Mount William, Lancefield, Victoria, Australia

Notes

References

External links

* http://www.rhs.org.uk/RHSPlantFinder/Plantfinder2.asp?crit=ulmus&page=2&genus=Ulmus RHS Plant Finder, UK
* ight-hand specimen, distinct from variegated English Elm on left* Sheet labelled ''Ulmus sativa marmorata'' (1897)

{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars , state=collapsed

Field elm cultivar
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