''Ulmus'' 'Plantyn' (Anglicized form of 'Plantijn') was one of three Dutch

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...

elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus ''Ulmus'' in the plant family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North ...

s released by the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning,

Wageningen Wageningen () is a municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a population of in , of which many t ...

, in 1973. Derived from a crossing of the Dutch hybrids '202' (''U.'' 'Exoniensis' × ''U. wallichiana'')'Clone 202' herbarium specimen, Baarn, 1962 bioportal.naturalis.nl
/ref> and '302' (''U. minor'' '1' × ''U. minor'' '28'), it was to prove of great significance in later developments.Heybroek, H. M. (1976). ''Nederlands Bosbouw Tijdschrift'' 48: 117–23, 1976. A selfed seedling was to become the first Dutch clone to prove effectively immune to disease, released in 1989 as 'Columella'. 'Plantyn' was also destined to be the female parent of released in 2002.. In Italy, 'Plantyn' was used again as female parent in hybridizations with the Siberian Elm ''

Ulmus pumila ''Ulmus pumila'', the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes miscalled the 'Chinese Elm' (''Ulmus parvifolia''). ''U. pumila'' has been widely cultivated throughout Asia, Nor ...

'' by the

Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante The Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), or 'Institute of Plant Protection', is part of the Food Department of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR; "Italian National Research Council"), an Italian government organization with the a ...

(IPP), to create three new cultivars better adapted to the

Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate (also called a dry summer temperate climate ''Cs'') is a temperate climate sub-type, generally characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, fairly wet winters; these weather conditions are typically experienced in the ...

(see Hybrid cultivars).

Description

'Plantyn' is a fast-growing tree, with upright branching forming a broad crown where grown in isolation. The dark-green leaves are < 10 cm long by 7 cm broad, on < 10 mm petioles.

Pests and diseases

'Plantyn' is no more resistant to

Dutch elm disease Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America ...

than its Dutch contemporaries 'Dodoens' and 'Lobel' according to one source, rating 4 out of 5.Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). ''Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen'' (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. However, research published in France by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) indicated that 'Plantyn' possesses a greater degree of disease resistance than the other two cultivars, although neither had actually been tested by the organization. Nevertheless, INRA still classified 'Plantyn' as only 'moderately resistant'.

Cultivation

Largely superseded by the later generation of cultivars highly resistant to Dutch elm disease, sales in the Netherlands declined from over 7,000 in 1979 to zero in 2004. Like its Dutch contemporaries, 'Plantyn' has proven very tolerant of sea winds. 'Plantyn' was not commercially released in the US, but was evaluated at the

Iowa State University Iowa State University of Science and Technology (Iowa State University, Iowa State, or ISU) is a public land-grant research university in Ames, Iowa. Founded in 1858 as the Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm, Iowa State became one of the n ...

(acc. no. Q 28835) Gibbs, J. N., Brasier, C. M., McNabb Jnr., H.S., and Heybroek, H. M. (1975). Further studies on the pathenogenicity in Ceratocystis ulmi. ''Europ. Journ. Forest. Path.'' 5 (3): 161–174. however it is no longer listed (2013) in the NPGS inventory. 'Plantyn' was also included in trial

in

Canberra Canberra ( ) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The ci ...

, Australia, started in 1988, although it is reputed not to have thrived in that environment.

Notable trees

In the UK, the TROBIbr>
Champion is at West Park,

Wolverhampton Wolverhampton () is a city, metropolitan borough and administrative centre in the West Midlands, England. The population size has increased by 5.7%, from around 249,500 in 2011 to 263,700 in 2021. People from the city are called "Wulfrunian ...

, measuring 20.5 m tall by 75 cm

d.b.h. Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements. Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast, ...

in 2017. Another grows in

Kensington Gardens Kensington Gardens, once the private gardens of Kensington Palace, are among the Royal Parks of London. The gardens are shared by the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and sit immediately to the west of Hyde P ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

, which was 16 m high, 45 cm d.b.h. in 2001.Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). ''Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland''. Whittet Press, .

Hybrid cultivars

* 'Arno', 'Columella', 'Nanguen' = , 'Plinio', 'San Zanobi', 'Wanoux' = *Unreleased cultivars raised by IPP, Florence: 'FL 568' (''U. pumila'' × 'Plantyn'), 'FL 620' & 'FL 624' ((''U. pumila × U. minor'') × 'Plantyn'), 'FL 688' (('Plantyn' × ''U. minor'') × 'Plantyn'), 'FL 580' (Heybroek's '948')

Etymology

The tree is named for the French printer and humanist

Christoffel Plantijn Christophe Plantin ( nl, Christoffel Plantijn; – 1 July 1589) was a French Renaissance humanist and book printer and publisher who resided and worked in Antwerp. Life Plantin was born in France, probably in Saint-Avertin, near the city of ...

(France:

Christophe Plantin Christophe Plantin ( nl, Christoffel Plantijn; – 1 July 1589) was a French Renaissance humanist and book printer and publisher who resided and worked in Antwerp. Life Plantin was born in France, probably in Saint-Avertin, near the city of ...

Synonymy

'Plantijn' (original Dutch form of the name). The tag on the specimen at Kew Gardens reads 'Plantion'.

Accessions

;Europe * Arboretum de La Petite Loiteriebr>

Monthodon Monthodon () is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France. Population Sights * Arboretum de la Petite Loiterie See also *Communes of the Indre-et-Loire department The following is a list of the 272 communes of the Indre-e ...

, France. No details available *

Brighton & Hove Brighton and Hove () is a city and unitary authority in East Sussex, England. It consists primarily of the settlements of Brighton and Hove, alongside neighbouring villages. Often referred to synonymously as Brighton, the City of Brighton and H ...

City Council, UK.

NCCPG Plant Heritage, formerly known as the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG), is a botanical conservation organisation in the United Kingdom and a registered charity. It was founded in 1978 to combine the talents of b ...

Elm Collection. *

Grange Farm Arboretum The Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam.Ostler, J. (2009) ' ...

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England, with a long coastline on the North Sea to the east. It borders Norfolk to the south-east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, Leicestershire ...

, UK. Acc. no. 1089. *

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. An internationally important botanical research and education institution, it employs 1,100 ...

, UK. Acc. no. 1980–731 *

Sir Harold Hillier Gardens The Sir Harold Hillier Gardens is an arboretum comprising 72 hectares (180 acres) accommodating over 42,000 trees and shrubs in about 12,000 taxa, notably a collection of oaks, camellia, magnolia and rhododendron. The Gardens are located nor ...

, UK. Acc. no. 1982.4057 *

Westonbirt Arboretum Westonbirt, The National Arboretum is an arboretum in Gloucestershire, England, about southwest of the town of Tetbury. Managed by Forestry England, it is perhaps the most important and widely known arboretum in the United Kingdom. Planted in ...

br>

Gloucestershire Gloucestershire ( abbreviated Glos) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn and the entire Forest of Dean. The county town is the city of Gl ...

, UK. Acc. no. 1980/157. * Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection. Planted 3 Kastanjelaan and 1 Tjalk in Loosdrecht 2014; 10 trees planted 2018 ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg, Loosdrecht.

References

{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars , state=collapsed Hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus articles with images Ulmus