__NOTOC__ ''Utetheisa'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

tiger moth The de Havilland DH.82 Tiger Moth is a 1930s British biplane designed by Geoffrey de Havilland and built by the de Havilland Aircraft Company. It was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and other operators as a primary trainer aircraft. ...

s in the family

Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth groups. The family includes the underwings ('' Catocala'') ...

. The genus was first described by

Jacob Hübner Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology. Scientific career Hübner was the author of '' ...

in 1819.

Description

Palpi porrect (extending forward), extending beyond the frons. Antennae ciliated. Forewings long and narrow, where the outer margin is short and somewhat erect. Vein 3 from before angle of cell. Veins 4 and 5 from angle, vein 6 from upper angle and vein 7 to 10 from a short areole. Hindwing with vein 5 from above angle of cell. Vein 6 and 7 from upper angle and vein 8 from middle of cell.

Caterpillar Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder Sym ...

s of many ''Utetheisa'' species feed on ''

Crotalaria ''Crotalaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae (subfamily Faboideae) commonly known as rattlepods. The genus includes over 700 species of herbaceous plants and shrubs. Africa is the continent with the majority of ''Crotalar ...

'' (rattlebox), and hence the genus as a whole is often called rattlebox moths. The adults usually have bright aposematic coloration and contain toxic

pyrrolizidine alkaloid Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), sometimes referred to as necine bases, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against insect he ...

s, which are used as a chemical defense and are also incorporated into the sex pheromones of the males.

Taxonomy

The members of its

subgenera In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

''Pitasila'', ''Atasca'', and ''Raanya'' were formerly included in '' Nyctemera''. ''Utetheisa'' is placed in the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

Callimorphina The Callimorphina are a subtribe of woolly bear moths in the family Erebidae. The subtribe was described by Francis Walker in 1865. Many of these moths are easily confused with butterflies, being quite brightly colored and somewhat diurnal. T ...

or in the

Nyctemerina The Nyctemerina are a subtribe of woolly bear moths in the family Erebidae. Taxonomy The subtribe was previously classified as the tribe Nyctemerini of the former family Arctiidae. Some authors merge the subtribe into the related Callimorphina, ...

; some treatments merge the two subtribes. ''Utetheisa'' is

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

Selected species

Species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

of ''Utetheisa'' include: Subgenus ''Utetheisa'' * '' Utetheisa amhara'' Jordan, 1939 * '' Utetheisa antennata'' Swinhoe, 1893 * '' Utetheisa clareae'' Robinson, 1971 * '' Utetheisa connerorum'' Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2009 * '' Utetheisa cruentata'' (Butler, 1881) * '' Utetheisa devriesi'' Hayes, 1975 * '' Utetheisa diva'' (Mabille, 1879) * '' Utetheisa elata'' (Fabricius, 1798) ** ''Utetheisa elata fatela'' Jordan, 1939 ** ''Utetheisa elata fatua'' Heyn, 1906 * '' Utetheisa galapagensis'' (Wallengren, 1860) * '' Utetheisa henrii'' Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2009 * '' Utetheisa lactea'' (Butler, 1884) ** ''Utetheisa lactea aldabrensis'' T. B. Fletcher, 1910 * '' Utetheisa lotrix'' (Cramer,

777 777 may refer to: * 777 (number), a number * AD 777, a year of the Julian calendar * 777 BC, a year in the 8th century BC * Boeing 777, a commercial jet airliner :* Boeing 777X, the newer generation of the Boeing 777. Art and entertainment Alb ...

– crotalaria moth * '' Utetheisa maddisoni'' Robinson & Robinson, 1980 * ''

Utetheisa ornatrix ''Utetheisa ornatrix'', also called the bella moth, ornate moth or rattlebox moth is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is aposematically colored ranging from pink, red, orange and yellow to white coloration with black markings arranged in va ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – ornate moth, bella moth * '' Utetheisa pectinata'' * '' Utetheisa perryi'' Hayes, 1975 * '' Utetheisa pulchella'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – crimson-speckled flunkey * '' Utetheisa pulchelloides'' Hampson, 1907 – heliotrope moth (syn: ''Utetheisa dorsifumata'' Prout, 1920) * '' Utetheisa salomonis'' * '' Utetheisa semara'' Moore, 1860 * '' Utetheisa sumatrana'' Rothschild, 1910 Subgenus ''Atasca'' * '' Utetheisa aegrotum'' (Swinhoe, 1892) * '' Utetheisa albilinea'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa amboina'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa amosa'' (Swinhoe, 1903) * '' Utetheisa ampatica'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa aruensis'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa bouruana'' (Swinhoe, 1917) * '' Utetheisa ceramensis'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa externa'' (Swinhoe, 1917) * '' Utetheisa frosti'' (Prout, 1918) * '' Utetheisa pellex'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Utetheisa separata'' (Walker, 1864) * '' Utetheisa watubela'' De Vos, 2007 Subgenus ''Raanya'' * '' Utetheisa albipuncta'' (Druce, 1888) ** ''Utetheisa albipuncta zoilides'' (Prout, 1920) Utetheisa pulchelloides 5

Subgenus ''Pitasila'' * '' Utetheisa assamica'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa abraxoides'' (Walker, 1862) * '' Utetheisa balinensis'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa disrupta'' (Butler, 1887) ** ''Utetheisa disrupta burica'' (Holland, 1900) * '' Utetheisa distincta'' (Swinhoe, 1903) (syn: '' Utetheisa sangira'' (Swinhoe, 1903)) * '' Utetheisa inconstans'' (Butler, 1880) (syn: '' Utetheisa okinawensis'' (Inoue, 1982)) * '' Utetheisa flavothoracica'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa fractifascia'' (Wileman, 1911) * '' Utetheisa guttulosa'' (Walker, 1864) * '' Utetheisa latifascia'' (Hopffer, 1874) * '' Utetheisa leucospilota'' (Moore, 1877) * '' Utetheisa limbata'' (Roepke, 1949) * '' Utetheisa mendax'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa nivea'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa pala'' (Röber, 1891) * '' Utetheisa selecta'' (Walker, 1854) * '' Utetheisa specularis'' (Walker, 1856) (syn: '' Utetheisa macklotti'' (Vollenhoven, 1863)) ** ''Utetheisa specularis extendens'' De Vos, 2007 ** ''Utetheisa specularis oroya'' (Swinhoe, 1903) * '' Utetheisa timorensis'' (Roepke, 1954) * '' Utetheisa transiens'' (Jurriaanse & Lindemans, 1919) * '' Utetheisa vandenberghi'' (Nieuwenhuis, 1948) * '' Utetheisa varians'' (Walker, 1854) * '' Utetheisa variolosa'' (Felder & Rogenhofer,

869 __NOTOC__ Year 869 ( DCCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Summer – Emperor Basil I allies with the Frankish emperor L ...

1874) * '' Utetheisa vollenhovii'' (Snellen, 1890) * '' Utetheisa witti'' De Vos, 2007 * '' Utetheisa ypsilon'' De Vos, 2007

Description

Taxonomy

Selected species

References

Further reading