Uropeltis Macrolepis

''Uropeltis macrolepis'', commonly known as the Bombay earth snake, the Bombay shieldtail, and the large-scaled shieldtail, is a species of snake in the family Uropeltidae. The species is endemic to southern India. There are two recognized subspecies.

Geographic range

''Uropeltis macrolepis'' is found in Maharashtra (Phansad – near Supegaon, Mahabaleshwar, Koyna, Lonavla), India.

Type locality of ''Silybura macrolepis'' = "Ceylon?"

Type locality of ''Uropeltis macrolepis mableshwarensis'' = "Mahableshwar, Satara district, Bombay State", India.

Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of ''U. macrolepis'' is forest, at altitudes of .

Description

''Uropeltis macrolepis'' is black or dark purplish brown both dorsally and ventrally, with each scale lighter-edged. There is a yellow stripe on the lips and sides of the neck, followed by two to five large yellow spots, and a yellow stripe along each side of the tail.

Adults may attain a total length (including tail) of .

The smooth dorsal scales are in only 15 rows at midbody (in 17 rows behind the head). The ventrals number 128–140, and the subcaudals number 7–9.

The snout is rounded. The rostral is less than ¼ of the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter than its distance from the frontal. The nasals are in contact with each other behind the rostral. The frontal is as long as or slightly longer than broad. The diameter of eye is more than ½ the length of the ocular shield. The diameter of body goes 24 to 29 times into the total length. The ventrals are twice as large as the contiguous scales. The end of the tail is obliquely truncate, flat dorsally, with strongly bicarinate scales. The terminal scale has a transverse ridge and two points. Boulenger, G.A. (1893). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Uropeltidæ ....'' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I–XXVIII. (''Silybura macrolepis'', pp. 159–160).

Behavior

''Uropeltis macrolepis'' is terrestrial and fossorial.

Diet

''Uropeltis macrolepis'' preys upon earthworms.

Reproduction

''Uropeltis macrolepis'' is ovoviviparous.

Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominate race.

*''Uropeltis macrolepis macrolepis''
*'' Uropeltis macrolepis mahableshwarensis''

References

Further reading

* Beddome, R.H. (1886). "An Account of the Earth-Snakes of the Peninsula of India and Ceylon". ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Fifth Series'' 17: 3–33.
* Boulenger, G.A. (1890). ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia.'' London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (''Silybura macrolepis'', p. 269).
* Chari, V.K. (1952). "Localization of the striped variety of the rough-tailed earthsnake – ''Uropeltis macrolepis'' (PETERS) – to Mahableshwar". ''Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society'' 50: 950–951.
*Chari, V.K. (1953). "Some more notes on ''Uropeltis macrolepis'' (PETERS) with special reference to specimens from Mahableshwar (Western Ghats, Bombay)". ''J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.'' 51 (2): 512.
*Chari, V.K. (1954). "An addition to the list of snakes of Bombay and Salsette – ''Uropeltis macrolepis'' (PETERS) – Uropeltidae". ''J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.'' 52 (1): 213- 214.
*Chari, V.K. (1955). "A new form of the burrowing snake, ''Uropeltis macrolepis'' (PETERS) from Mahableshwar". ''J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.'' 52 (4): 901. (''Uropeltis macrolepis mahableshwarensis'', new subspecies).
* Das, I. (2002). ''A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India''. Sanibel Island Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. . (''Uropeltis macrolepis'', p. 60).
* Günther, A.C.L.G. (1864). ''The Reptiles of British India''. London: The Ray Society. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxvii + 452 pp. + Plates I–XXVI. (''Silybura macrolepis'', p. 189 + Plate XVII, figure B).
* Peters, W.H.C. (1862). "''Über eine neue Art der Schlangengattung'' Silybura, S. macrolepis". ''Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin'' 1862: 901–905. (''Silybura macrolepis'', new species). (in German).
*Sekar, A.G.; Almeida, M.R. (1994). "Range extension of the Bombay shield-tail snake ''Uropelitis macrolepis'' (Peters 1861) (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)". ''J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.'' ''90'' (3): 520-521 993
* Sharma, R.C. (2003). ''Handbook: Indian Snakes''. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India. 292 pp. .
* Smith, M.A. (1943). ''The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol, III,—Serpentes.'' London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (''Uropeltis macrolepis'', new combination, pp. 79–80).
* Whitaker, R.; Captain A. (2008). ''Snakes of India: The Field Guide''. Chennai (formerly Madras), India: Draco Books. 495 pp. .

External links

''U. macrolepis'' image 1/5
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Uetz Lab
Accessed 13 December 2007.

''U. macrolepis'' image 2/5
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Uetz Lab
Accessed 13 December 2007.

''U. macrolepis'' image 3/5
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Uetz Lab
Accessed 13 December 2007.

''U. macrolepis'' image 4/5
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Uetz Lab
Accessed 13 December 2007.

''U. macrolepis'' image 5/5
a
Uetz Lab
Accessed 13 December 2007.

{{Taxonbar, from=Q732035

Uropeltidae
Reptiles of India
Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats
Reptiles described in 1862
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters