Urim is a
Torricelli language of
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
. It is also known as ''Kalp''; dialects are ''Kukwo, Yangkolen''. There is a grammatical description by Hemmilä and Luoma (2009).
[Hemmilä, Ritva, and Luoma, Pirkko. 2009. Urim grammar. http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/abstract.asp?id=52255]
Phonology
Urim has vowel length contrast, but only for monosyllabic words. Urim also has the prestopped nasals /pm/, /tn/, and /kŋ/.
Urim
minimal pair
In phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language, spoken or signed, that differ in only one phonological element, such as a phoneme, toneme or chroneme, and have distinct meanings. They are used to demonstrate th ...
s with short and long vowels:
* ‘time’, ‘tree trunk’
* ‘wild sago’, ‘outside’
Pre-stopped nasals contrast with non-pre-stopped nasals:
* ‘species of plant’, ''waŋ'' ‘time’, ‘fire’
* ‘enough’, ''yan'' ‘father’, ‘walk’
* ‘nose’, ‘you (pl)’
* ‘wasp’, ‘earthquake’, ‘liver’
Pronouns
Pronouns are:
:
Like the
Lower Sepik-Ramu languages
Lower may refer to:
*Lower (surname)
*Lower Township, New Jersey
*Lower Receiver (firearms)
*Lower Wick Gloucestershire, England
See also
*Nizhny
Nizhny (russian: Ни́жний; masculine), Nizhnyaya (; feminine), or Nizhneye (russian: Ни́ ...
, Urim (as well as
Kombio) distinguishes dual and
paucal
In linguistics, grammatical number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). English and other languages present number categories of ...
pronouns.
References
{{Languages of Papua New Guinea
Urim languages
Languages of Sandaun Province
Languages of East Sepik Province