The Urals Automotive Plant, an Open Stock Company, ( Russian: ''Ура́льский автомоби́льный заво́д, УралАЗ''; translit. Uralskiy Avtomobilnyi Zavod, UralAZ) is a major

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...

n manufacturer of

off-road Off-roading is the activity of driving or riding in a vehicle on unpaved surfaces such as sand, gravel, riverbeds, mud, snow, rocks, and other natural terrain. Types of off-roading range in intensity, from leisure drives with unmodified vehicl ...

truck A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo, carry specialized payloads, or perform other utilitarian work. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, but the vast majority feature body-on-frame constructi ...

s under the Ural ( Cyrillic: "Урал")

brand A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that distinguishes one seller's good or service from those of other sellers. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising for recognition and, importantly, to create a ...

. Located in the city of

Miass Miass ( rus, Миа́сс, p=mʲɪˈas) is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located west of Chelyabinsk, on the eastern slope of the Southern Ural Mountains, on the bank of the river Miass. Population: Name The name Miass is taken from ...

Chelyabinsk Oblast Chelyabinsk Oblast (russian: Челя́бинская о́бласть, ''Chelyabinskaya oblast'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia in the Ural Mountains region, on the border of Europe and Asia. Its administrative center is th ...

in the

Ural Mountains The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...

. The plant was established in 1941; when the ZiS truck plant was evacuated from

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

History

Early history

In the autumn of 1941, Soviet leaders decided to build a plant for the manufacturing of military trucks, and it was named Ural Automotive Plant. Since April 1942, the factory has produced primarily engines and

gearboxes Propulsion transmission is the mode of transmitting and controlling propulsion power of a machine. The term ''transmission'' properly refers to the whole drivetrain, including clutch, gearbox, prop shaft (for rear-wheel drive vehicles), differe ...

. On July 8, 1944 the first truck ZIS-5V was built under the brand UralZIS. The new factory became the Ural branch of ZIS UralZIS. At the

End of World War II in Europe The final battle of the European Theatre of World War II continued after the definitive overall surrender of Nazi Germany to the Allies, signed by Field marshal Wilhelm Keitel on 8 May 1945 in Karlshorst, Berlin. After German dictator A ...

, the ZIS-5 was considered simple and robust, and thus remained in production for many years. It was not until 1947 that the factory started to manufacture updated models. In 1946, the production version of the ZIS-21A 2.5 t began fabrication. The truck was produced under the brand UralZIS-352. In 1949, the 5th version of UralZIS was equipped with

hydraulic Hydraulics (from Greek: Υδραυλική) is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid counter ...

brakes. A new model, the UralZIS-355, was released in 1956. However, in 1958, the new version of the ZIS-5 was taken in production under the designation UralZIS-355M and remained in production until 1965. The Scientific Institute of Automotive Standardization of Moscow had been working on a new SUV. Production of this type of truck had been assigned to the Ural factory – UralAZ – who got the brand new Ural. The factory had been rebuilt since 1961 and production of the Ural-375 (6×6) 5 t for the army was intensified. For this truck, a new engine was developed. The 1960s were a period of great success for the brand UralAZ which won, for its quality products in large quantities, the

Order of the Red Banner of Labour The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, translit=Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to the ...

. UralAZ celebrated the total production of 530,000 trucks and 1.3 mln engines. In 1972 and 1975 the two 6×4 trucks Ural-375N and Ural-377N appeared. The manufacture of 6×4 versions continued until 1983. In 1977, a new 5-tonne truck Ural-4320 was created. ZIL petrol engine was replaced by the KamAZ-740 V8 diesel engine (10852 cm³, 210 HP). In 1987, UralAZ celebrated its millionth truck. Governmental industry reorganization and economic reforms forced UralAZ to become a private limited company and turn to the production of civilian vehicles. The models Ural-43204 and Ural-55571 emerged due to this. Since June 1992 production of 6 t truck Ural-4322 (6×6) started with a new more contemporary cabin. It was equipped with the Ural-744 air cooled V8 engine with an output of 234 HP, diesel Kustanay (KDZ), a manufacturer of

Deutz Deutz may refer to: People * Emmanuel Deutz (1763–1842), German-born French rabbi * Rupert of Deutz, (–), Benedictine theologian and writer * Simon Deutz (1802–1852), German-born French courtier Places * Deutz, Cologne, a former town, si ...

engines under license. A fire occurred in the spring of 1993 at the KamAZ engine plant that seriously disrupted production. As a result, the company had to look for engine suppliers. UralAZ was traditionally oriented only to Russian companies, but began a collaboration with the Italian manufacturer

Iveco IVECO, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles. The name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger ...

in 1992 (see "Iveco-UralAZ collaboration"). The first result of this joint venture model was presented in May of that year, which was the UralAZ-330-18t Iveco 30ANW (6×6) with a 306 HP, air-cooled diesel engine and its Iveco chassis being imported. The creation of the JV-UralAZ IVECO in 1994 allowed the small series production of the range of previously imported heavy trucks. The production of advanced

IVECO IVECO, an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles. The name IVECO first appeared in 1975 after a merger ...

cabins began in 1997. UralAZ, like all Russian manufacturers, traditionally maintains a wide range of military permanent all-wheel drive off-road vehicles. Besides the military versions of Ural-43206 trucks (4×4) and Ural-4320-31 (6×6), UralAZ continuous production of 9 t trucks Ural-5323 (8×8). Since 1997, military vehicles also provide the basis for civilian versions – universal frame of 15 t Ural-53236 for the installation of special equipment. The truck Ural-5323-22 (8×8) has cabins and advanced IVECO IVECO engine with two berths. That same year the Ural-6301 chassis (6×6) with the same cabin was presented with a payload of 10 t. As desired by the buyer, it is possible to install a V6 diesel engine Deutz liquid cooled with a capacity of 272 HP. Currently, the future of UralAZ is closely related to the creation of new models. UralAZ has a production capacity of 30,000 trucks. Dependent of the evolution of the Russian market, production was reduced to 7,000, then to 5,400. In 1998, UralAZ sold only 2,489 chassis and the factory filed for bankruptcy.

Iveco-UralAZ collaboration

Collaboration between UralAZ and

began in 1992. In May the first result of joint activity was represented: the Iveco UralAZ 330-30ANW (6×6) with a gross weight of 33.5 ton. It has a diesel air-cooled 306 hp V8 engine

. The vehicle was designed for arctic climate that could reach up to -55 °C. The contribution of the Russian partner has been limited. The new vehicle replaces the Magirus-Deutz-2900-26K, developed in the 70s under the brand IVECO-Magirus and whose production was stopped in Europe many years ago. This became the basis of the production range of the new joint venture. Iveco-UralAZ formed in late 1994 with a production capacity of 3600 vehicles per year. All production features badge IVECO-UralAZ on the front grille. However, in the technical press Russian vehicles are frequently called Ural-Iveco. The first truck is the cab-IVECO-UralAZ 5531, closely derived from the Iveco 330. Its composition allows for a road train of 60 t, as well as the tractor-trailer and truck 55311 6×4 or 6×6. In 1997, a new cab appeared called the 6329, it had several standard sizes EuroTrakker. It replaced the old cab Fiat VI. The cabin is further forward on the chassis. The short version of the car is used on trucks and semitrailer truck for local transport. The 63291 has the main tractor cabin with two berths. The PTR of the entire road is 56 t with a maximum speed of 103 km/h. Annual production was increased to 9000. IVECO EuroTech is no longer manufactured in Western Europe. In 2008, the ownership structure evolved and

became the majority owner. The General Meeting of April 7, 2009 decided to name the new company "Iveco-UralAZ" (Ru:Уралаз-Ивеко) which was renamed " Iveco-AMT" (Ru:Ивеко-АМТ) on April 16, 2009. Iveco-AMT introduced brand new trucks named Iveco Trakker. "AMT" means: Automobile / HAI M / Turin. This is based on the locations of the two plants. The assembly is performed in the city of Miass, Chelyabinsk region, and component production takes place in Turin.

Modern history

In 2015 production of a brand new truck began, the cabin of the new Ural Next unified with GAZ Gazelle NEXT LCV. The engine has increased power (312 hp). AWD system management became electro-pneumatic push-button. The lighting equipment uses LEDs. The instrument panel is an LCD display, and there is the USB-port. The basic package includes: electric power windows, central door lock with remote control, audio system with control buttons on the steering wheel, exterior mirrors with heating, air suspended driver's seat, heated fuel filter and fuel in-line, adjustable height steering wheel, and on-board computer. Additional optional equipment includes ABS, air conditioning, locking of differential, auxiliary fuel tank, engine block heater, and a set of door pockets.

Gallery

File:Ural ladder truck in Russia.JPG, Ural firetruck File:Ural-4320 2 Zakarpattya.jpg, Ural-4320 File:Ural-375D-based bus in Tajikistan.jpg, Ural-375D truckbus in

Tajikistan Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a landlocked country in Centr ...

File:Автомобиль Урал.jpg, Ural-6361 in

Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg ( ; rus, Екатеринбург, p=jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk), alternatively romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( rus, Свердло́вск, , svʲɪrˈdlofsk, 1924–1991), is a city and the administrat ...

File:Ural-63704 truck in Russia.jpg, Ural-63704 File:Ural-44202-59 truck (1).jpg, Ural-44202-59 File:Russian fire engines in 2007.jpg, Ural fire engine File:Moscow OMON Lavina-Uragan riot control vehicle.jpg,

OMON OMON (russian: ОМОН – Отряд Мобильный Особого Назначения , translit = Otryad Mobil'nyy Osobogo Naznacheniya , translation = Special Purpose Mobile Unit, , previously ru , Отряд Милиции Осо� ...

police riot control

water cannon A water cannon is a device that shoots a high-velocity stream of water. Typically, a water cannon can deliver a large volume of water, often over dozens of meters. They are used in firefighting, large vehicle washing, riot control, and mining. ...

vehicle "Lavina-Uragan" on Ural-532362

Products

UralAZ produces the following series of trucks:

Onboard

* Ural-4320 * Ural-4320-3951-58 with the CMU * Ural-4320-3111-78 * Ural-4320-3951-58 * Ural Next (since 2015) Tractors * Ural-63674 * Ural-6470 * Ural-6464

Haulers

* Ural-5557 (November 1983) * Ural-55571 * Ural-63685-0110-03 * Ural-583134 * Ural-583109 (6×4, 20 tons, 12 m³) * Ural-65514 (6×4, 19.3 tons, 15 m³) * Ural-65541-10 (6×4, 20.1 ton-tipping) * Ural-583106 (8×4, 25 tons, 16 m³) * Ural-65515 (8×4, 23.4 tons, 13 m³) * Ural Next (since 2015)

Passenger

* Ural-3255 * Truck bus "Ural-32552-3013-59" * Truck bus "Ural-32551-3171-59" * Ural-3255-59 * Ural-32551 * Ural-32552 * Ural-32552-47 VDayRehearsal05052016-09

Chassis, widely used for specialized and military vehicles

* Ural-375D * Ural-4320 * Ural-5323 * Ural-6359 Typhoon

MRAP Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP; ) is a term for United States military light tactical vehicles produced as part of the MRAP program that are designed specifically to withstand improvised explosive device (IED) attacks and ambushes. T ...

* Ural-5920 - swamp buggies * TC-1 - tracked oversnow vehicle on the Ural-5920

Fire appliances

Ural fire appliance are manufactured in partnership with Ural-Siberian Fire and Technical Company which was founded as Ural trucks subsidiary UralAzSpetsmash.

References

External links

Official website

English speaking Russian truck owners site with forum, useful downloads and photos
{{coord, 55.0925, N, 60.1248, E, source:wikidata, display=title Ural factory Russian brands Truck manufacturers of the Soviet Union Truck manufacturers of Russia Defence companies of Russia Companies based in Chelyabinsk Oblast