Uqturpan County
[, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency] or Uchturpan County
(
transliterated from ; ), also Wushi County (), is a county in the
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ...
under the administration of
Aksu Prefecture
Aksu PrefectureThe official spelling according to is located in mid-Western Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. It has an area of and 2.37 million inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 535,657 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of A ...
and shares an approximately
long border with
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan,, pronounced or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the east. ...
's
Issyk-Kul Region
Issyk-Kul Region ( ky, Ысык-Көл облусу, Ysyk-Köl oblusu; russian: Иссык-Кульская область, Issyk-Kulskaya oblast) is one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Karakol. It is surrounded by Almaty Region, Kaz ...
. The county is bordered to the northeast by
Onsu County
Onsu County, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency ( ug, ئونسۇ ناھىيىسى, lat=Onsu Nahiyisi) and from Mandarin Chinese Wensu County ( zh, s=温宿县), is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under ...
(Wensu), to the southeast by
Aksu city
Aksu is a city in and the seat of Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, lying at the northern edge of the Tarim Basin. The name Aksu literally means "white water" (in Turkic) and is used for both the oasis town and the Aksu River.
The economy of Aksu is ...
, to the west by
Akqi County
Akqi County (also as ''Aheqi County''; ) is a county in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. It is under the administration of the Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture. The county has a town and five townships, six communities and 25 villages ...
in
Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture
Kizilsu (also as Kezilesu; ; ug, قىزىلسۇ قىرغىز ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى; Kyrgyz: , , , ) is an autonomous prefecture of Kyrgyz people in the west of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, bordering with Kyrgyzstan and T ...
and to the south by
Kalpin County
Kalpin County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. The overwhelmingly Uyghur population of the county lives on oases at the base of the Tian Shan mountains and on the edge of ...
(Keping). It has an area of and a population of 180,000.
Name
Uqturpan is also spelled Uchturpan and Uch-Turfan.
History
Tang
During the
Battle of Aksu (717)
The Battle of Aksu () was fought between Arabs of the Umayyad Caliphate and their Turgesh and Tibetan Empire allies against the Tang dynasty of China. In 717 AD, the Arabs, guided by their Turgesh allies, besieged Buat-ɦuɑn ( Aksu) and Dai-dʑ ...
, the
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by th ...
and their
Turgesh and
Tibetan Empire
The Tibetan Empire (, ; ) was an empire centered on the Tibetan Plateau, formed as a result of imperial expansion under the Yarlung dynasty heralded by its 33rd king, Songtsen Gampo, in the 7th century. The empire further expanded under the 38 ...
allies hope to seize Uqturpan (then known as Dai-dʑiᴇk-dʑiᴇŋ) from
Tang
Tang or TANG most often refers to:
* Tang dynasty
* Tang (drink mix)
Tang or TANG may also refer to:
Chinese states and dynasties
* Jin (Chinese state) (11th century – 376 BC), a state during the Spring and Autumn period, called Tang (唐) b ...
-
Karluks
The Karluks (also Qarluqs, Qarluks, Karluqs, otk, 𐰴𐰺𐰞𐰸, Qarluq, Para-Mongol: Harluut, zh, s=葛逻禄, t=葛邏祿 ''Géluólù'' ; customary phonetic: ''Gelu, Khololo, Khorlo'', fa, خَلُّخ, ''Khallokh'', ar, قارلوق ...
-
Exiled Western Turkic Khaganate allies but were repelled.
Qing
![Xinjiang 1759 - 13](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Xinjiang_1759_-_13.jpg)
Ush Turfan was the site of a battle between Barhanuddin and Abdulla during the
Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
The Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas () was an uprising against the Qing dynasty of China, which broke out in 1757 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. The rebels were led by (also known as Hojijan, Huojizhan; nickname: "Younger Khoja" 小 ...
.
Six years after the
Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
The Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas () was an uprising against the Qing dynasty of China, which broke out in 1757 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. The rebels were led by (also known as Hojijan, Huojizhan; nickname: "Younger Khoja" 小 ...
, ten years after the
Qing
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaki ...
's rescue of the Khoja Brothers from Dzungars, an anti-Qing uprising of the local Turkic (later "
Uyghur") people took place in Uqturpan. Legend says that a local rebel leader was married to Iparhan, known as the "
Fragrant Concubine The Fragrant Concubine ( zh, c=香妃, w=Hsiang Fei, p=Xiāng Fēi; ug, ئىپارخان / / ) is a figure in Chinese legend who was taken as a consort by the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty in the 18th century. Although the stories about he ...
" a descendant of
Apaq Khoja. During the turmoil, many fled, and the thousands who remained were killed by Sino-Manchu forces. Later, the area was repopulated by migrants from what is now Southern
Xinjiang
Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ...
.
The
Ush rebellion
Uqturpan County, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency or Uchturpan County ( transliterated from ; ), also Wushi County (), is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region under the administration of Aksu Prefecture and shar ...
in 1765 by Uyghurs against the
Manchus
The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and Q ...
occurred after Uyghur women were gang raped by the servants and son of Manchu official Su-cheng. It was said that ''Ush Muslims had long wanted to sleep on
ucheng and son'shides and eat their flesh.'' because of the rape of Uyghur Muslim women for months by the Manchu official Sucheng and his son. The Manchu Emperor ordered that the Uyghur rebel town be massacred, the Qing forces enslaved all the Uyghur children and women and slaughtered the Uyghur men. Manchu soldiers and Manchu officials regularly having sex with or raping Uyghur women caused massive hatred and anger by Uyghur Muslims to Manchu rule.
21st century
In 2012,
Aqyar Township (Aheya) was made a town.
In a 2012 article from ''
Radio Free Asia
Radio Free Asia (RFA) is a United States government-funded private non-profit news service that broadcasts radio programs and publishes online news, information, and commentary for its audiences in Asia. The service, which provides editoriall ...
'', it was reported that according to family sources and local authorities, Islam Urayim, then 32, a native of Uqturpan County who had been deported to China on December 19, 2009, despite
seeking asylum in Cambodia, had been sentenced to life in prison. It was unclear when Urayim was sentenced or on what charges he was convicted.
On April 3, 2015, Imam Township (Yimamu) was made a town.
On October 27, 2019, at 1:29 PM, a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit Uqturpan County. No casualties were reported.
According to a 2020 ''
Radio Free Asia
Radio Free Asia (RFA) is a United States government-funded private non-profit news service that broadcasts radio programs and publishes online news, information, and commentary for its audiences in Asia. The service, which provides editoriall ...
'' report, it was estimated by local officials that 20,000 Uyghurs were detained in the three
re-education camps in the county.
Geography
The highest point in Uqturpan County is Zhatekelie Feng () at above sea level.
59.9% of the territory of Uqturpan County is mountainous, 27.6% is
Gobi-like desert areas and 12.5% is valley flatland.
Administrative divisions
Towns (بازىرى / 镇):
*
Uqturpan Town
Uqturpan County, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency or Uchturpan County (SASM/GNC romanization#Uyghur, transliterated from ; ), also Wushi County (), is a county in the Xinjiang, Xinjian ...
(Uchturpan, Wushi; ئۇچتۇرپان بازىرى / 乌什镇),
Aqyar (Aheya, Akyar;
/ , formerly 阿合雅乡),
Imam
Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...
(Yimamu, Imamlirim;
ئىمام بازىرى / , formerly 依麻木乡)
Townships ( / ):
*
Aqtoqay Township (Aketuohai; / ),
Achatagh Township (Aqiatage; / ),
Yakowruk Township (Yakeruike, Yakowrük;
/ ),
Yengiawat Township[, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency] (Ying'awati; يېڭىئاۋات يېزىسى / ),
Otbeshi Township (Aotebeixi; / ),
Yamansu Kyrgyz Ethnic Township
Yamansu (russian: Ямансу; ce, Лакха-Отар, ''Laqa-Otar'') is a rural locality (a selo) in Novolaksky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning ...
(يامانسۇ قىرغىز يېزىسى / 亚曼苏柯尔克孜族乡)
Climate
Demographics
As of 2015, 216,579 of the 235,336 residents of the county were
Uyghur, 11,462 were
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...
, 5,613 were
Kyrgyz Kyrgyz, Kirghiz or Kyrgyzstani may refer to:
* Someone or something related to Kyrgyzstan
*Kyrgyz people
*Kyrgyz national games
*Kyrgyz language
*Kyrgyz culture
*Kyrgyz cuisine
*Yenisei Kirghiz
*The Fuyü Gïrgïs language in Northeastern China
...
and 1,682 were from other ethnic groups.
As of 1999, 90.01% of the population of Uqturpan (Wushi) County was Uyghur and 6.73% of the population was Han Chinese.
Economy
Uqturpan County's economy is primarily based on agriculture and animal husbandry, producing wheat, rice, corn, cotton, sesame (), rapeseed, and pelts. Industries include cooking oil processing, tractor repair, and construction among others.
, there was about 86,800 acres (572,793 ''
mu'') of cultivated land in Uqturpan.
Historical maps
Historical English-language maps including Uqturpan:
File:STANFORD(1917) p61 PLATE19. SINKIANG (14597194848).jpg, Map including Uqturpan (labeled as Uch Turfan) (1917)
File:A-k`o-su NK-44 (1950) - panoramio.jpg, Map including Uqturpan (labeled as WU-SHIH (UCH TURFAN)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World
The International Map of the World or IMW (also called the Millionth Map of the World, after its scale of 1:1 000 000) was a project to create a complete map of the world according to internationally agreed standards. It was first proposed by th ...
(AMS AMS or Ams may refer to:
Organizations Companies
* Alenia Marconi Systems
* American Management Systems
* AMS (Advanced Music Systems)
* ams AG, semiconductor manufacturer
* AMS Pictures
* Auxiliary Medical Services
Educational institutions
* A ...
, 1950)
File:NK-44-7 Wu-Shih China 1973.jpg, Map including Uqturpan (labeled as WU-SHIH (UCH TURFAN)) ( DMA, 1973)
File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 f-6c.jpg, Map including Uqturpan (labeled as Wushi) ( DMA, 1981)
File:Operational Navigation Chart F-6, 6th edition.jpg, From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Uqturpan (labeled as Wu-shih (Wushi)) ( DMA, 1985)
Notes
References
{{authority control
County-level divisions of Xinjiang
Populated places along the Silk Road
Aksu Prefecture