Architects of the

United States Forest Service The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands. The Forest Service manages of land. Major divisions of the agency inc ...

are credited with the design of many buildings and other structures in

National Forests A state forest or national forest is a forest that is administered or protected by some agency of a sovereign state, sovereign or federated state, or territory (country subdivision), territory. Background The precise application of the terms va ...

. Some of these are listed on the

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic v ...

due to the significance of their architecture. A number of these architectural works are attributed to architectural groups within the Forest Service rather than to any individual architect. Architecture groups or sections were formed within engineering divisions of many of the regional offices of the Forest Service and developed regional styles. National consulting architect

W. Ellis Groben William Ellis Groben, usually known as W. Ellis Groben, is an American architect and author. He was Washington (D.C.) Office Architect of the U.S. Forest Service during 1933-1953 and provided professional guidance as the national consulting archi ...

led development of architectural style for the Forest Service, including by his important 1940 document
"Architectural Trend of Future Forest Service Buildings"
ref> and by his 1938 compilation "Acceptable Building Plans: Forest Service Administrative Buildings". He advocated what is now known as non-intrusive architectural design, and advocated regional styles rather than universal style. Architects of several regions and their works are discussed in the following sections, with the regions having the most information available about them first.

Region 6

Oregon State Forester's Office Building angle - Salem, Oregon

Imnaha Guard Station - Rogue River NF Oregon

The architecture group of the Forest Service's Northwest regional office, Region 6, designed works in

Oregon Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...

and

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered on ...

. At an early date the architecture group of this region included

architects An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

Linn A. Forrest Linn Argyle Forrest, Sr. (1905–1987) was an American architect of Juneau, Alaska who worked to restore "authentic Southeast Alaska Native architecture, especially totem poles". During the 1930s and the Great Depression, he oversaw Civilian Co ...

, Howard L. Gifford, James Pollock and W.I. "Tim" Turner, and landscape architect Emmett U. Blanchfield. According to the National Register nomination for many of their works, "The style that emerged from the Pacific Northwest Region had no clearly identifiable architectural prototype, but reflected the influence of the English Cottage and Norman Farmhouse styles." Ellis Groben, national leader of architecture in the Forest Service, reportedly "was impressed with the Northwest Cascadian style of architecture that was started by Tim Turner, Linn Forrest, Dean Wright, and Howard Gifford on Timberline Lodge and numerous CCC facilities in the Washington and Oregon area." Around 1951, architects of the region included A.P. "Benny" DiBenedetto, FAIA, Bill Hummel, Dick Parker, Ken Grimes, Doug Parmenter, and Norm Krause. Around 1958, Joe Mastrandrea, Perry Carter, Ken Reynolds, Terry Young, and Tom Morland joined the staff. The Region 6 design team received several awards for laboratories in Oregon. DiBenedetto was elected to be president for the Oregon Council of Architects, to be Director of the Pacific and Northwest Region of the American Institute of Architects (ALA) and to serve on the National Board of

AIA AIA or A.I.A. or Aia may refer to: Aia * Aia, a small town in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa, Spain * Aia, current Kutaisi, ancient capital of Colchis * Aia, another name for Aea (Malis), an ancient town in Greece * ''Aia'', the collected ed ...

all while serving as Regional Architect in Region 6 (1951–1961) or as Station Architect, Pacific Northwest (1961–1979). There are 25 locations whose design is attributed to the Region 6 group. Notable works of Region 6 architects (with attribution as given in NRHP listing if applicable) include: *

Breitenbush Guard Station The Breitenbush Guard Station in Willamette National Forest, Detroit, Oregon was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service and was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1935. It was listed on the National Register of Histor ...

Willamette National Forest The Willamette National Forest is a National Forest located in the central portion of the Cascade Range of the U.S. state of Oregon. It comprises . Over 380,000 acres (694 mi2, 1,540 km2) are designated wilderness which include seven ...

, Detroit, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Butte Falls Ranger Station,

Rogue River National Forest A rogue is a person or entity that flouts accepted norms of behavior. Rogue or rogues may also refer to: Companies * Rogue Ales, a microbrewery in Newport, Oregon * Rogue Arts, a film production company * Rogue Entertainment, a software comp ...

, Butte Falls, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

Cabin Lake Guard Station The Cabin Lake Guard Station is a Forest Service compound consisting of six simple rustic buildings located in the Deschutes National Forest in central Oregon. It was originally built as a district ranger station for the Fort Rock Ranger Distric ...

, Deschutes National Forest, Bend, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Cascade Locks Work Center,

Mt. Hood National Forest The Mount Hood National Forest is a U.S. National Forest in the U.S. state of Oregon, located east of the city of Portland and the northern Willamette River valley. The Forest extends south from the Columbia River Gorge across more than of fore ...

, Cascade Locks Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Cedar Guard Station No. 1019, Illinois Valley Rd.,

Siskiyou National Forest Siskiyou may refer to: *Siskiyou Mountains, a mountain range in northern California and southern Oregon *Siskiyou National Forest, in Oregon and California *Siskiyou County, California *Siskiyou Trail, an old Native American and pioneer trail connec ...

, Cave Junction, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

Chatter Creek Guard Station The Chatter Creek Guard Station is a Rustic style set of buildings in Wenatchee National Forest, in Leavenworth, Washington. It was designed by the USDA Forest Service Architecture Group and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The listing ...

, Wenatchee National Forest, Leavenworth, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

Early Winters Ranger Station Work Center The Early Winters Ranger Station Work Center in the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest near Winthrop, Washington was built in 1936 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its arc ...

Okanogan National Forest Okanogan (US) or Okanagan (Canada) may refer to: People and regions *Okanagan Country, a divided region in British Columbia and Washington *Okanagan people, a Native American (USA) or First Nations (Canada) people, known as the ''Syilx'' in their ...

, Winthrop, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Glide Ranger Station,

Umpqua National Forest Umpqua National Forest, in southern Oregon's Cascade Range, covers an area of in Douglas County, Oregon, Douglas, Lane County, Oregon, Lane, and Jackson County, Oregon, Jackson counties, and borders Crater Lake National Park. The four ranger di ...

, Glide, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

Gold Beach Ranger Station The Gold Beach Ranger Station was built at Gold Beach, Oregon in Siskiyou National Forest (now Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest) in 1936 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The ranger station comprises several structures that typify the ...

, Siskiyou National Forest, Gold Beach, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

Imnaha Guard Station The Imnaha Guard Station is a rustic cabin located in the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest in western Oregon, United States. It was originally built to house fire crews assigned to patrol the surrounding National Forest. In the 1990s, the U ...

, Rogue River National Forest, Butte Falls, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

John Day Compound, Supervisor's Warehouse The John Day Compound, Supervisor's Warehouse is a complex of work buildings, employee residences, and related infrastructure owned an operated by the Malheur National Forest in John Day, Oregon, United States. Built by the Civilian Conservation ...

, Malheur National Forest, John Day, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * La Wis Wis Guard Station No. 1165, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Packwood, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Lake of the Woods Ranger Station-Work Center,

Winema National Forest Toby "Winema" Riddle (1848–1920) was a Modoc woman who served as an interpreter in negotiations between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army during the Modoc War (also called the Lava Beds War). She warned the peace ...

, Klamath Falls, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Lamonta Compound-Prineville Supervisor's Warehouse, Ochoco National Forest, Prineville, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Leavenworth Ranger Station, Wenatchee National Forest, Leavenworth, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Lick Creek Guard Station, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Enterprise, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Lost Lake Guard Station, Okanogan National Forest, Tonasket, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * North Fork Guard Station No. 1142, Randle Ranger Station, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Randle, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Olympus Guard Station, Olympia National Park, NRHP-listed * Oregon State Forester's Office Building, 2600 State Street,

Salem Salem may refer to: Places Canada Ontario * Bruce County ** Salem, Arran–Elderslie, Ontario, in the municipality of Arran–Elderslie ** Salem, South Bruce, Ontario, in the municipality of South Bruce * Salem, Dufferin County, Ontario, part ...

, Oregon (Linn A. Forrest, Sr.) *

Parkdale Ranger Station Parkdale can refer to several different things: Places Canada Communities * Parkdale, Calgary, a neighbourhood in the city of Calgary, Alberta * Parkdale, Edmonton, a neighbourhood in the city of Edmonton, Albrta * Parkdale, Lunenburg, Nova Sc ...

, Mt. Hood National Forest, Parkdale, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Paulina Lake Guard Station, Deschutes National Forest, Bend, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Randle Ranger Station-Work Center, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Randle, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

Silcox Hut The Silcox Hut is a small rustic mid-mountain lodge located at elevation on Mount Hood, Oregon, United States. It is approximately vertical above Timberline Lodge and roughly one mile distance directly up the mountain. Silcox Hut was built by t ...

, near Timberline Lodge, Oregon (Tim Turner) * Store Gulch Guard Station No. 1020, Illinois Valley Rd., Siskiyou National Forest, Cave Junction, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Supervisor's House No. 1001, Malheur National Forest, John Day, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Timberline Lodge on Mount Hood, near

Government Camp Government Camp is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, on the base of Mount Hood and north of Tom Dick and Harry Mountain. It is the only town within of Mount Hood and therefo ...

, Oregon (W. I. Turner, ''et al''.) * Unity Ranger Station, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Unity, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Verlot Ranger Station-Public Service Center, Mt. Baker,

Snoqualmie National Forest Snoqualmie might refer to: People * Snoqualmie people, a Coast Salish people of Washington state :*Snoqualmie Indian Tribe, a federally recognized tribe of Snoqualmie people Places * Snoqualmie Indian Reservation *Snoqualmie Valley, ancestral home ...

, Granite Falls, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Zigzag Ranger Station, Mt. Hood National Forest, Zigzag, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed

Region 3

In Region 3, standard plans were prepared under direction from the National Forest's Washington office, but architects at the Region 3 office created plans in the Bungalow style. Bungalow style had been popular for small houses in the U.S. from about 1905 to 1930, and was waning in popularity when Region 3 adopted it. The Region 3 architects further adapted the floor plans of this style for wood frame and for masonry construction in different environmental areas (timbered areas vs. grasslands vs. desert), and adopted Spanish Eclectic and Pueblo Revival styling for desert models. But the low cost of the Bungalow style led to it being used in desert areas, too. Notable works of Region 3 architects include: * Copper Creek Guard Station, NE of Black Canyon City, Tonto National Forest, Black Canyon City, AZ (USDA Forest Service),

Bungalow/Craftsman style In the United States, the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture. Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National ...

, NRHP-listed *

Beaver Creek Ranger Station The Beaver Creek Ranger Station near Rimrock, Arizona was built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was designed by architects of the U.S. Forest Service. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 10, 1993, for ...

, Off I-17 NE of Rimrock, Coconino NF, Rimrock, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed *

Big Springs Ranger Station The Big Springs Ranger Station is a ranger station located in Kaibab National Forest near Big Springs, Arizona. The ranger station was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1934. The complex includes a house, an office building, and a barn w ...

, Along Ryan Rd., Kaibab NF, Big Springs, AZ (Usda Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed * Camp Clover Ranger Station, Off US 66/89 SW of Williams, Kaibab NF, Williams, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed *

Canelo Ranger Station Canelo Ranger Station, also known as Canelo Work Station, is a historic ranger station in the Coronado National Forest, within Santa Cruz County of southern Arizona. It is located in the ghost town of Canelo, within a small valley between the C ...

, Forest Rd. 52B N of Canelo, Coronado NF, Canelo, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed * Cima Park Fire Guard Station, in

Chiricahua Wilderness Chiricahua ( ) is a band of Apache Native Americans. Based in the Southern Plains and Southwestern United States, the Chiricahua (Tsokanende ) are related to other Apache groups: Ndendahe (Mogollon, Carrizaleño), Tchihende (Mimbreño), Sehend ...

NE of Douglas, Coronado National Forest, Douglas, AZ (USDA Forest Service), "vernacular, log" architecture, NRHP-listed * Columbine Work Station, AZ 366 SW of Safford, Coronado National Forest, Safford, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed * Crown King Ranger Station, W of Crown King,

Prescott National Forest The Prescott National Forest is a 1.25 million-acre (510,000 ha) United States National Forest located in north central Arizona in the vicinity of Prescott. The forest is located in the mountains southwest of Flagstaff and north of Phoenix in ...

, Crown King, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman, NRHP-listed * Lowell Ranger Station, Off Sabino Canyon Rd. NE of Tucson, Coronado National Forest, Tucson, AZ (USDA Forest Service),

Pueblo architecture Pueblo architecture refers to the traditional architecture of the Pueblo people in what is now the Southwestern United States, especially New Mexico. Many of the same building techniques were later adapted by the Hispanos of New Mexico into the ...

, NRHP-listed * Moqui Ranger Station, Off US 180 N of Tusayan, Kaibab National Forest, Tusayan, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman, Rustic architecture, NRHP-listed * Pinal Ranger Station, S of Globe, Tonto National Forest, Globe, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed *

Pinedale Ranger Station The Pinedale Ranger Station is in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests, and located near Pinedale in Navajo County, Arizona. History The ranger station's buildings were built in 1934 by the CCC − Civilian Conservation Corps. The administra ...

, Forest Rd. 130 (formerly AZ 260), Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Pinedale, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Pleasant Valley Ranger Station, S of AZ 288, Tonto National Forest, Young, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Portal Ranger Station, Forest Rd. 42A SW of Portal, Coronado National Forest, Portal, AZ (Usda Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Rustler Park Fire Guard Station, SE of Chiricahua NM, Coronado National Forest, Douglas, AZ (Usda Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Sedona Ranger Station, Brewer Rd. S. of Hart Rd., Sedona AZ (USDA/USFS Standard Plans), NRHP-listed *

Sunflower Ranger Station The Sunflower Ranger Station, also known as Sunflower Administrative Site or Sycamore Ranger Station, in Tonto National Forest in the Sunflower district near Punkin Center, Arizona was built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It was lis ...

, AZ 87 W of Punkin Center, Tonto National Forest, Punkin Center, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Sycamore Ranger Station, Forest Rd. 68F SW of Camp Verde, Prescott National Forest, Camp Verde, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Walnut Creek Ranger Station, NW of Prescott, Prescott National Forest, Prescott, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Water Canyon Administrative Site, Forest Rd. 285 S of Springerville, Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Springerville, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed

Region 2

Notable works of Region 2 architects (with attribution as given in NRHP listing, if applicable) include: * Brush Creek Work Center, WY 130 E of Saratoga,

Medicine Bow National Forest Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, and Health promotion ...

, Saratoga, WY (USDA Forest Service, Region 2), NRHP-listed * Centennial Work Center, Off WY 130 NW of Centennial, Medicine Bow NF, Centennial, WY (USDA Forest Service, Region 2), NRHP-listed * Keystone Work Center, W of Albany, Medicine Bow NF, Albany, WY (USDA Forest Service, Region 2), NRHP-listed * La Prele Work Center, SW of Douglas, Medicine Bow NF, Douglas, WY (USDA Forest Service, Region 2), NRHP-listed

Region 5

Notable architects of Region 5, California, include Keplar B. Johnson

Region 4

The Lamoille Organization Camp near Lamoille in Elko County, Nevada is a work of the Region 4 Forest Service. Also the Paradise Valley Ranger Station, in Humboldt County, Nevada, is a work of Forest Service design, built by the CCC.

Region 1

The Big Creek Ranger Station Historic District, in Flathead National Forest in

Flathead County, Montana Flathead County is in the U.S. state of Montana. At the 2020 census, its population was 104,357, making it the state's fourth most populous county. Its county seat is Kalispell. Its numerical designation (used in the issuance of license plates ...

, is a work of Region 1. Lost Horse Fireman's Cabin, Ravalli County, Montana, is built to a standard Region 1 plan, but with a drive-through porch designed by Clyde Fickes.

Other areas

Notable works of other areas' architects (with attribution as given in NRHP listing, if applicable) include: * Kawishiwi Field Laboratory, Minnesota, preservation supported by National Trust for Historic Preservation, deemed NRHP-eligible * Arctic Point Fire Lookout, N of Big Creek, Idaho Primitive Area,

Payette National Forest The Payette National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located in central western Idaho, in parts of Valley, Idaho, Adams, and Washington counties. The land area consists of approximately 2.3 million acres (9,300 km2) of federally managed ...

, Big Creek, ID (USDA Forest Service), with Aermotor fire tower assembled by Forest Service, plus additional Forest Service structures. NRHP-listed * Atlanta Ranger Station Historic District,

Boise National Forest Boise National Forest is a National Forest covering of the U.S. state of Idaho. Created on July 1, 1908, from part of Sawtooth National Forest, it is managed by the U.S. Forest Service as five units: the Cascade, Emmett, Idaho City, Low ...

, Atlanta, ID (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Big Creek Commissary, Yellow Pine, Payette National Forest, Big Creek, ID (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed *

Carey Dome Fire Lookout The Carey Dome Fire Lookout is a fire lookout tower complex located in Nez Perce National Forest, 9 miles north of United States Forest Service Burgdorf Guard Station, near Burgdorf in Idaho County, Idaho. It was listed on the National Registe ...

, 9 mi. N of USFS Burgdorf Guard Sta, Burgdorf, ID (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Chamberlain Ranger Station Historic District, Idaho County, Idaho, including log building built in 1937–38 to USFS standard plan, NRHP-listed With . *

Council Ranger Station The Council Ranger Station located in Council, Idaho, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is a complex of five frame buildings, and associated landscaping. With See also * List of National Historic Landmarks in Idaho * Natio ...

, Council, Idaho, a complex of five frame buildings which includes use of standard plans. With * Dam-Sitting Bull Falls Recreation Area, Sitting Bull Falls, Lincoln National Forest, Carlsbad, NM (USDA-Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Group Picnic Shelter-Sitting Bull Falls Recreation Area, Sitting Bull Falls, Lincoln National Forest, Carlsbad, NM (USDA-Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Isabella Ranger Station, Address Restricted, Isabella, MN (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed *

Ketchikan Ranger House The Ketchikan Ranger House at 309 Gorge Street in Ketchikan, Alaska was built in 1916 in the residential Captain's Hill district of Ketchikan. Designed by USDA Forest Service in "Vernacular Victorian" style, it housed the U.S. Forest Service's ...

, 309 Gorge St., Ketchikan, AK (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed *

Mallard Peak Lookout The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa, and has been introduced species, introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Bra ...

, SE of Avery, ID (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed *

Mondeaux Dam Recreation Area The Mondeaux Dam Recreation Area is a public park in the forest in the town of Westboro, Wisconsin, United States. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and Work Projects Administration (WPA) created the lake and facilities during the Great Depres ...

, Roughly bounded by Mondeaux River and Forest Rd., Westboro, WI (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed *

Picnic Shelter-Sitting Bull Falls Recreation Area A picnic is a meal taken outdoors ( ''al fresco'') as part of an excursion, especially in scenic surroundings, such as a park, lakeside, or other place affording an interesting view, or else in conjunction with a public event such as preceding ...

, Sitting Bull Falls, Lincoln National Forest, Carlsbad, NM (USDA-Forest Service), NRHP-listed *

Warren Guard Station, Building 1206 Warren Guard Station, Building 1206 was built in 1934. It was designed by architects of the United States Forest Service and was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It is located on the southwestern side of Warren Wagon Rd. (United States ...

(1934), southwestern side of Warren Wagon Rd. (

Highway 21), in

Warren, Idaho Warren is an unincorporated community in the remote north central region of the U.S. state of Idaho, near the Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness. Geography Located within the Payette National Forest in southern Idaho County, Warren is no ...

References

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