The 1920 United States elections was held on November 2. In the aftermath of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, the

Republican Party Republican Party is a name used by many political parties around the world, though the term most commonly refers to the United States' Republican Party. Republican Party may also refer to: Africa *Republican Party (Liberia) * Republican Part ...

re-established the dominant position it lost in the

1910 Events January * January 13 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; live performances of the operas '' Cavalleria rusticana'' and ''Pagliacci'' are sent out over the airwaves, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York C ...

and

1912 Events January * January 1 – The Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China is established. * January 5 – The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens. * January 6 ...

elections. This was the first election after the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the constitutional right to vote. In the

presidential election A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President. Elections by country Albania The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public. Chile The pre ...

, Republican Senator

Warren G. Harding Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923. A member of the Republican Party, he was one of the most popular sitting U.S. presidents. A ...

from

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

defeated Democratic Governor

James M. Cox James Middleton Cox (March 31, 1870 July 15, 1957) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 46th and 48th governor of Ohio, and a two-term U.S. Representative from Ohio. As the Democratic nominee for President of the United St ...

of Ohio. Harding won a

landslide victory A landslide victory is an election result in which the victorious candidate or party wins by an overwhelming margin. The term became popular in the 1800s to describe a victory in which the opposition is "buried", similar to the way in which a geol ...

, taking every state outside the South and dominating the popular vote. Harding won the Republican nomination on the tenth ballot, defeating former Army Chief of Staff Leonard Wood, Illinois Governor

Frank Lowden Frank Orren Lowden (January 26, 1861 – March 20, 1943) was an American Republican Party politician who served as the 25th Governor of Illinois and as a United States Representative from Illinois. He was also a candidate for the Republican pre ...

, California Senator Hiram Johnson, and several other candidates. Cox won the Democratic nomination on the 44th ballot over former Treasury Secretary

William Gibbs McAdoo William Gibbs McAdoo Jr.McAdoo is variously differentiated from family members of the same name: * Dr. William Gibbs McAdoo (1820–1894) – sometimes called "I" or "Senior" * William Gibbs McAdoo (1863–1941) – sometimes called "II" or "Ju ...

, Attorney General

A. Mitchell Palmer Alexander Mitchell Palmer (May 4, 1872 – May 11, 1936), was an American attorney and politician who served as the 50th United States attorney general from 1919 to 1921. He is best known for overseeing the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare ...

, New York Governor

Al Smith Alfred Emanuel Smith (December 30, 1873 – October 4, 1944) was an American politician who served four terms as Governor of New York and was the Democratic Party's candidate for president in 1928. The son of an Irish-American mother and a C ...

, and several other candidates. Future president

Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge (born John Calvin Coolidge Jr.; ; July 4, 1872January 5, 1933) was the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. Born in Vermont, Coolidge was a History of the Republican Party (United States), Republican lawyer ...

won the Republican nomination for vice president, while fellow future president

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...

won the Democratic nomination for vice president. Harding was the

first First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...

sitting senator to be elected president. The Republicans made large gains in the House and the Senate, strengthening their majority in both chambers. They picked up 63 seats in the House of Representatives, furthering their majority over the Democrats. The Republicans also strengthened their majority in the Senate, gaining ten seats.

References

* * Brake, Robert J. "The porch and the stump: Campaign strategies in the 1920 presidential election." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 55.3 (1969): 256-267. * Buhle, Mari Jo. ''Women and American socialism, 1870-1920'' (U of Illinois Press, 1983). * Clemens, Elisabeth S. "Organizational repertoires and institutional change: Women's groups and the transformation of US politics, 1890-1920." ''American Journal of Sociology'' 98.4 (1993): 755-798
online
* * Craig, Douglas B. ''After Wilson: The Struggle for Control of the Democratic Party, 1920-1934.'' (U of North Carolina Press, 1993) * Daniel, Douglass K. "Ohio Newspapers and the “Whispering Campaign” of the 1920 Presidential Election." ''Journalism History'' 27.4 (2002): 156-164. * Degler, Carl N. "American Political Parties and the Rise of the City: An Interpretation" ''Journal of American History'' 51#1 (1964), pp. 41–59 DOI: 10.2307/191793
online
* * * Eldersveld, Samuel J
"The influence of metropolitan party pluralities in presidential elections since 1920: a study of twelve key cities"
''American Political Science Review'' 43.6 (1949): 1189-1206. * Frederick, Richard G. "The Front Porch Campaign and the Election of Harding." in ''A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover'' (2014): 94-111. * Gamm, Gerald H. ''The making of the New Deal Democrats: Voting behavior and realignment in Boston, 1920-1940'' (U of Chicago Press, 1989). * Gilmore, Glenda E. ''Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the politics of white supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920'' (UNC Press Books, 2019). * Heard, Alexander, and Donald S. Strong. ''Southern Primary and General Election Data, 1920-1949'' (Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1984) compendium of county-level votes. * Janick, Herbert. "Senator Frank B. Brandegee and the Election of 1920." ''The Historian'' 35.3 (1973): 434-451. on Connectgicut https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1973.tb00509.x * Lichtman, Allan J. "The Election of 1920." in ''A Companion to Woodrow Wilson'' (2013): 551
online
* * * Orloff, Ann Shola, and Theda Skocpol. "Why not equal protection? Explaining the politics of public social spending in Britain, 1900-1911, and the United States, 1880s-1920." ''American Sociological Review'' (1984): 726-750
online
* Ortiz, Paul. ''Emancipation betrayed: The hidden history of black organizing and white violence in Florida from reconstruction to the bloody election of 1920'' (U of California Press, 2005). * * Slayton, Robert A. ''Empire Statesman: The Rise and Redemption of Al Smith.'' (2001). * Smith, Jean M. "The Voting Women of San Diego, 1920." ''Journal of San Diego History'' 26 (1980): 133-54. * Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. ''African American women in the struggle for the vote, 1850-1920'' (Indiana UP, 1998). * Williams, Brian. "Petticoats in Politics: Cincinnati Women and the 1920 Election." ''Cincinnati Historical Society Bulletin'' 35 (1977): 53-70.

External links

* {{United States elections

1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...

See also

References

Further reading

External links