In
astrobiology
Astrobiology, and the related field of exobiology, is an interdisciplinary scientific field that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. Astrobiology is the multidisciplinary field that investig ...
, Uniformity of Motive is an essential assumption of the
Zoo Hypothesis
The zoo hypothesis speculates on the assumed behavior and existence of technologically advanced extraterrestrial life and the reasons they refrain from contacting Earth. It is one of many theoretical explanations for the Fermi paradox. The hypot ...
explanation to
Fermi’s Paradox. The Zoo Hypothesis states that alien civilizations refrain from contacting Earth, so as to not interfere in natural
evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
and cultural development, or to minimize risk for themselves. Certain technological, political or ethical thresholds and standards could be implemented for other civilizations to pass, after which contact would be established.
In the likely case that more than one sufficiently developed alien civilizations exist, a Uniformity of Motive with legal policy concerning the contact of newly developing civilizations would have to be established and maintained. A “Galactic Club” would be formed and maintained, possibly by an early advanced civilization. The size of a club like this would influence the likelihood of compliance by all members, since any member could break the contact rules at any point in time, making large Galactic Clubs unlikely to succeed in their goals.
Plausibility of the assumption
The concept of Uniformity of Motive is not a widely researched topic, as it would only resolve Fermi's paradox when all extraterrestrial civilizations would abide by the rule to not contact ‘lesser developed’ civilizations, such as Earth. Additionally, the Uniformity of Motive is purely based on assumptions and is therefore a hard hypothesis to scientifically confirm or reject.
![Arecibo message](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Arecibo_message.png)
Thomas Hair (2011) researches the idea that, given that Earth is a relatively young planet, older extraterrestrial civilizations would likely follow the lead of an even older civilization - the first civilization to come up with a Uniformity of Motive (as originally proposed by
Ronald Bracewell). He calculates using
Monte Carlo simulations
Monte Carlo methods, or Monte Carlo experiments, are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve problems that might be determi ...
that there would be an enormous time gap between the first civilization and the emergence of Earth, During that time span, a first civilization could spread its rule throughout the galaxy. Still, the uniformity of motive is a difficult galactic rule to uphold when most extraterrestrial civilizations are scattered over thousands of light years, restricted by
natural speed laws. Due to the amount of civilizations that could be present in our galaxy, the assumption of a uniformity of motive would be arguable, proposes Duncan Forgan. Forgan reconsiders this idea that the galaxy would be rather made up of Galactic Cliques with similarly evolved cultural norms than one big Galactic Club.
Convergent cultural evolution
Convergent cultural evolution
Cultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change. It follows from the definition of culture as "information capable of affecting individuals' behavior that they acquire from other members of their species through teaching, imitation a ...
could explain the emergence of uniform motives in a possible Galactic Club. This convergence on a certain set of cultural norms and ethics might be a necessary condition for civilizations to reach sufficient developmental stages for space exploration and communication, since the environmental pressures of intergalactic travel and communication are similar for all alien civilizations. Under this assumption, the concept of a Galactic Club with Uniformity of Motive would gain plausibility.
Earth law on extraterrestrial contact
Space can be explored and used freely by all
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
States according to the
Outer Space Treaty
russian: link=yes, Договор о космосе es, link=yes, Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre
, long_name = Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moo ...
from 1967. However, the United Nations have no specific laws on initiating contact with other extraterrestrial civilizations, apart from three important principles to follow when doing so
(as quoted from the source):
# The decision on whether or not to send a message to extraterrestrial intelligence should be made by an appropriate international body, broadly representative of Humankind.
# If a decision is made to send a message to extraterrestrial intelligence, it should be sent on behalf of all Humankind, rather than from individual States or groups.
# The content of such a message should be developed through an appropriate international process, reflecting a broad consensus.
There have been multiple attempts to contact alien civilizations, of which the most notable examples are the
Voyager probes.
The
International Academy of Astronautics
The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) is an independent non-governmental organization established in Stockholm ( Sweden) on August 16, 1960, by Dr. Theodore von Kármán, and recognized by the United Nations in 1996.
The IAA has electe ...
has prepared a
SETI
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life, for example, monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other p ...
detection protocol to follow that is in accordance with all
International Space Law of the United Nations. The detection of possible alien life should first be validated. If the detection appears to be real, then the discoverer should seek contact with the national authorities and other research organizations so they can conduct independent research on the observations. The United Nations and consequently the public will be contacted after.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Uniformity Of Motive
Evolution