The Unified State Exam (russian: Единый государственный экзамен, ЕГЭ, ''Yediniy gosudarstvenniy ekzamen, EGE'') is an exam in the Russian Federation. It is a series of exams every student must pass after graduation from high school to enter a university or a professional college. Since 2009, the USE is the only form of graduation examination in schools and the main form of preliminary examinations in universities. A student can take a USE in
the Russian language,
mathematics
Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...
, foreign languages (
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
,
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
,
French,
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
,
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...
),
physics
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...
,
chemistry
Chemistry is the science, scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the Chemical element, elements that make up matter to the chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions ...
,
biology
Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary i ...
,
geography
Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and ...
,
literature
Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include ...
,
history
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...
, basics of
social sciences
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soci ...
, and
computing science
Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to Applied science, practical discipli ...
.
The USE in the Russian language and mathematics are obligatory; that means that every student needs to get the necessary results in these subjects to enter any Russian university or get a high school diploma.
History
The USE was introduced in Russia in 2001 first as an educational experiment, initially held in a few regions of Russia:
Chuvashia
Chuvashia (russian: Чувашия; cv, Чӑваш Ен), officially the Chuvash Republic — Chuvasia,; cv, Чӑваш Республики — Чӑваш Ен is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuv ...
,
Mari El
The Mari El Republic (russian: Респу́блика Мари́й Эл, ''Respublika Mariy El''; Meadow Mari: ; Hill Mari: ) is a republic of Russia. It is in the European Russia region of the country, along the northern bank of the Volga Rive ...
,
Yakutia
Sakha, officially the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia),, is the largest republic of Russia, located in the Russian Far East, along the Arctic Ocean, with a population of roughly 1 million. Sakha comprises half of the area of its governing Far Eas ...
, as well as in
Samara
Samara ( rus, Сама́ра, p=sɐˈmarə), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (; ), is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast. The city is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Samara (Volga), Samara rivers, with ...
, and
Rostov Oblasts. The first experimental examination was only held by the eight general classes. In 2002 this experiment was continued in 16 regions of Russia, and expanded to 47 regions in 2003, then in 2006 about 950 thousand school graduates took the test all over Russia. In 2008 that number rose to more than one million graduates. The list of schools and classes to take part in the USE in 2001–2008 was determined by local public education authorities in the regions of Russia.
Presently, the USE is administered by the Ministry of Education and Science together with the regional and local public education authorities.
Structure
The USE consists of two parts (signified as I and II).
Part I contains tasks in which a student must give a short written answer. It's usually several letters or numbers.
Part II contains one or more tasks in which a student must use their creativity to complete them. Depending on the exam subject, a task can be a challenging mathematical exercise, an essay or a question to be answered argumentatively. Unlike part I, which is processed using computer, part II is evaluated by three experts (teachers of the exam subject) of the examination committee in a region where the exam takes place.
Paper forms
There are four stationary forms used in the course of each subject USE test: the registration form, answer sheet No. 1 (which is used to record answers for parts A and B), the primary answer sheet No. 2 (used to write answers for Part C), and the additional answer sheet No. 2 (handed out only if the primary sheet No. 2 gets filled up).
Rules for registration and filling the headers and answers in the forms of the USE are quite strict and are described in special instructions. Failure to adhere to the guidelines while filling out the forms may result in uncredited answers and void examinations.
Sources
{{Admission tests, state=expanded
Higher education in Russia
School examinations
Standardized tests