Umm Kulthūm bint Jarwal (
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...
: أم كلثوم بنت جرول), also known as Mulayka (Arabic: مليكة), was a wife of
Umar
ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ( ar, عمر بن الخطاب, also spelled Omar, ) was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphat ...
and a
companion
Companion may refer to:
Relationships Currently
* Any of several interpersonal relationships such as friend or acquaintance
* A domestic partner, akin to a spouse
* Sober companion, an addiction treatment coach
* Companion (caregiving), a caregive ...
of the Islamic prophet
Muhammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monot ...
.
Biography
She was born in
Mecca
Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow val ...
as a member of the
Khuza'a tribe. Her father was either Jarwal ibn Malik
[Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.] or his son 'Amr ibn Jarwal.
[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1998). ''Volume 8: The Victory of Islam''. Albany: State University of New York Press.]
She married Umar ibn al-Khattab before 616,
and they had two sons, Zayd and
Ubayd Allah Ubayd Allah ( ar, عبيد الله), also spelled or transliterated Obaidullah, Obaydullah, Obeidallah, or Ubaydullah, is a male Arabic given name that means "little servant of God".
Given name Obaidullah
* Obaidullah (detainee), an Afghan detain ...
. Umar was concurrently married to
Zaynab bint Maz'un, who bore him three children,
and to
Qurayba bint Abi Umayya
Qurayba "the Younger" bint Abi Umayya, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, was in succession a wife of Umar, the second Caliph and of Mu'awiya.
Biography
Family
She was from the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. Her father, ...
,
[Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.] who was childless. Umar converted to
Islam in 616.
The whole family
emigrated
Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere (to permanently leave a country). Conversely, immigration describes the movement of people into one country from another (to permanentl ...
to
Medina
Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the second-holiest city in Islam, and the capital of the ...
in 622,
although Umm Kulthum and Qurayba were still polytheists.
[Bukhari 3:50:891.]
Soon after the
Treaty of Hudaybiya in 628, Muhammad announced a revelation that Muslims were ordered to "hold not to the cords of disbelieving women." Accordingly, Umar divorced Umm Kulthum and Qurayba, and they both returned to Mecca.
The sources do not indicate the order of Umm Kulthum’s subsequent marriages. She married Abu Jahm ibn Hudhayfa in Mecca "while they were both polytheists," i.e., before January 630.
Abu Jahm was, like Umar, a member of the
Adi clan of the Quraysh.
He was known in the community as "a great beater of women."
[Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.]
Whether before or after this, Umm Kulthum was also one of the wives of
Safwan ibn Umayya, a member of the Juma clan
who was a leader in the
Quraysh
The Quraysh ( ar, قُرَيْشٌ) were a grouping of Arab clans that historically inhabited and controlled the city of Mecca and its Kaaba. The Islamic prophet Muhammad was born into the Hashim clan of the tribe. Despite this, many of the Q ...
opposition to Muhammad.
[Muhammad ibn Umar al-Waqidi. ''Kitab al-Maghazi''. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., & Tayob, A. K. (2011). ''The Life of Muhammad'', pp. 217, 284-286, 295. London & New York: Routledge.][Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by McDonald, M. V., & annotated by Watt, W. M. (1987). ''Volume 7: The Foundation of the Community'', pp. 78-80, 106. Albany: State University of New York Press.] He became a Muslim after the
Conquest of Mecca but continued to live in Mecca.
[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarik al-Rusual wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). ''Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors'', p. 81. Albany: State University of New York Press.]
References
{{Authority control
Umar
Women companions of the Prophet
7th-century women