Umm al-Shawf or Umm ash Shauf ( ar, أُم الشوف, ''Umm esh Shauf'') was a

Palestinian Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...

Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...

village located 29.5 km south of

Haifa Haifa ( he, חֵיפָה ' ; ar, حَيْفَا ') is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropol ...

, on the sloping section of

Wadi Wadi ( ar, وَادِي, wādī), alternatively ''wād'' ( ar, وَاد), North African Arabic Oued, is the Arabic term traditionally referring to a valley. In some instances, it may refer to a wet (ephemeral) riverbed that contains water onl ...

al-Marah. It was depopulated as a result of a military assault between May 12–14, just before the outbreak of the

1948 Arab-Israeli war Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...

History

In 1859 the population was 150, and the cultivation was 21 feddans.Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p
43
/ref> In 1882, the PEF's '' Survey of Western Palestine'' described Umm ash Shuf as: "a small village well supplied with water from two springs on the north, on which side is a little garden." A population list from about 1887 showed that Umm esh Shuf had about 375 inhabitants, all

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

British Mandate era

In the

1922 census of Palestine The 1922 census of Palestine was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine, on 23 October 1922. The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The divisi ...

, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Umm al-Shuf had a population of 252 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 353 Muslims, in a total of 73 houses.Mills, 1932, p
97
/ref> In

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...

, it had a population of 480 Muslim inhabitants, with 7,426 dunams of land. Of this, 107 dunums of land were for plantations and irrigable land, 6,175 for

cereal A cereal is any Poaceae, grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis), composed of the endosperm, Cereal germ, germ, and bran. Cereal Grain, grain crops are grown in greater quantit ...

s, while 31 dunams were classified as built-up land. File:Shauf 1942.jpg, Umm ash Shauf 1942 1:20,000 File:Qannir 1945.jpg, Umm ash Shauf 1945 1:250,000

1948 and aftermath

Umm ash Shauf became depopulated after an assault from

IZL Irgun • Etzel , image = Irgun.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = Irgun emblem. The map shows both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, which the Irgun claimed in its entirety for a future Jewish state. The acronym "Etzel" i ...

troops in early May, 1948.

troops searched some refugees from Umm ash Shauf, and found one pistol and one rifle. They took seven young men from the refugees aside, and when none of them admitted to owning the weapons, they were all executed.Morris, 2004, p
244
note #617, p
297
/ref> Following the war the area was incorporated into the

State of Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

and the

moshav A moshav ( he, מוֹשָׁב, plural ', lit. ''settlement, village'') is a type of Israeli town or settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists between 1904 an ...

of Givat Nili was founded in 1953 on the village's land, south of the village site. In 1992 the village site was described: "Piles of stone debris from the houses are scattered about the site, which is overgrown with cactuses, thorns, and bushes. The shrine of ''Shaykh 'Abd Allah'' still stands."

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * *

External links

Welcome To Umm al-ShawfUmm al-Shawf
Zochrot *Survey of Western Palestine, Map 8:
IAA

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Umm Al-Shawf Arab villages depopulated prior to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War District of Haifa