''Umbonium'', sometimes known as the "button top shells", is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles ...

, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Umbonium Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=205005 on 2012-12-04

Shell description

The shells of the species in this genus are low-

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...

d and shaped like a button. The orbicular shell is depressed and imperforated. It is polished, porcellaneous and has a very thin pearly layer inside. The

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

s are flattened above, bright, smooth or spirally grooved. The small, transverse

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

is wider than high. The thin outer lip is acute. The inner lip is rounded, ending in a simple point. The umbilicus of the shell is often completely covered with a thick and smooth callus.Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
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Anatomy

The animal has a distinct lateral fringe of the foot, with three filaments on each side. The front of the right side near the base of the tentacles is produced into a fleshy lobe. The right tentacle is free, with the eye-peduncle compressed, and bears a rudimentary eye. The left eye-peduncle is cylindrical, with a distinct eye, and furnished with an expansion or frontal lobe, which is folded on itself and fringed at its free margin. The operculum is horny, orbicular, and multispiral. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London pt. 21-23 (1853-1855) p. 186
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Species

Species in the genus ''Umbonium'' include: * '' Umbonium callosum'' Sowerby, 1887 * '' Umbonium conicum'' ( A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) * '' Umbonium costatum'' (

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...

in Kiener, 1838 in 1834-50) * '' Umbonium elegans'' (Kiener, 1838) * '' Umbonium eloiseae'' Dance, Moolenbeek & Dekker, 1992 * '' Umbonium giganteum'' (

Lesson A lesson or class is a structured period of time where learning is intended to occur. It involves one or more students (also called pupils or learners in some circumstances) being taught by a teacher or instructor. A lesson may be either one ...

, 1833) * '' Umbonium moniliferum'' (

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolog ...

, 1822) * '' Umbonium sagittatum'' (Hinds, 1845) * '' Umbonium suturale'' (

, 1822) * '' Umbonium thomasi'' (Crosse, 1862) * '' Umbonium vestiarium'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Umbonium adamsi'' Dunker: synonym of '' Umbonium thomasi'' (Crosse, 1862) * ''Umbonium bairdii'' Dall, 1889: synonym of '' Margarites bairdii'' (Dall, 1889) *'' Umbonium capillata'' A. A. Gould, 1861 : synonym of '' Ethaliella capillata'' (Gould, 1862) * ''Umbonium depressum'' Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Umbonium vestiarium'' (

) * ''Umbonium floccata'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1903 : synonym of '' Ethaliella floccata'' (Sowerby III, 1903) * ''Umbonium guamense'' Adams, A. 1855: synonym of '' Ethalia guamensis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Umbonium guamensis'' J. R. C. Quoy & J. P. Gaimard, 1834 : synonym of '' Ethalia guamensis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Umbonium guamensis selenomphala'' H. A. Pilsbry, 1905 : synonym of '' Ethalia guamensis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Umbonium javanicum'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Umbonium moniliferum'' (

, 1822) * ''Umbonium nitida'' (A. Adams, 1863) : synonym of '' Ethalia nitida'' A. Adams, 1863 * ''Umbonium omphalotropis'' (A. Adams, 1863) : synonym of '' Ethalia omphalotropis'' A. Adams, 1863 * ''Umbonium polita'' (A. Adams, 1862) : synonym of '' Ethalia polita'' A. Adams, 1862 * ''Umbonium pulchella'' (A. Adams in H. & A. Adams, 1854) : synonym of '' Ethaliella pulchella'' (A. Adams, 1855) * ''Umbonium rufula'' ( A. A. Gould, 1861) : synonym of '' Ethalia rufula'' Gould, 1861 * ''Umbonium sanguinea'' H. A. Pilsbry, 1905 : synonym of '' Ethalia sanguinea'' Pilsbry, 1905 * ''Umbonium striolatum'' Adams A., 1855: synonym of '' Ethalia striolata'' (A. Adams, 1855) * ''Umbonium zelandica'' (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1855): synonym of '' Zethalia zelandica'' (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1855)

References

Link D.H.F. (1807-1808) ''Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock''. 1 Abt. [Part 1], pp. 1–50; 2 Abt. [Part 2], pp. 51–100; 3 Abt. [Part 3], pp. 101–165; Abt. 4 [Part 4],pp. 1–30; Abt. 5 [Part 5], pp. 1–38 [1808]; Abt. 6 [Part 6], pp. 1–38 [1808] Rostock, Adlers Erben

* Williams S.T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (2008) ''Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined.'' Zoologica Scripta 37: 483–506.

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7881356 Umbonium, Trochidae Gastropod genera Taxa named by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link